"Biophysical constraints of optogenetic inhibition at presynaptic terminals". Nature Neuroscience. 19 (4): 554-556. doi:10.1038/ ... Axon terminals, however, have a higher chloride concentration and are therefore excited by ACRs. To inhibit neurons with wide- ...

... regulation of action potential duration in presynaptic terminals. Kv3.1 currents in heterologous systems are highly sensitive ... There are two transcript variants of Kv3.1 gene: Kv3.1a and Kv3.1b. Kv3.1 isoforms differ only in their C-terminal sequence. A ...

"Molecular determinants of synapsin targeting to presynaptic terminals". J. Neurosci. 24 (14): 3711-20. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI. ... Different neuron terminals will express varying amounts of each of these synapsin proteins and collectively these synapsins ... synapsins bind synaptic vesicles to components of the cytoskeleton which prevents them from migrating to the presynaptic ...

An example is retrograde signaling to presynaptic terminals. The compound most commonly identified as fulfilling this ... Hebbian theory is a neuropsychological theory claiming that an increase in synaptic efficacy arises from a presynaptic cell's ... Consistent with the fact that spike-timing-dependent plasticity occurs only if the presynaptic neuron's firing predicts the ... Intuitively, this is because whenever the presynaptic neuron excites the postsynaptic neuron, the weight between them is ...

Augustine, G.J.; Charlton, M.P.; Smith, S.J. (October 1985). "Calcium entry into voltage clamped presynaptic terminals of squid ... Llinás, R.; Steinberg, I.Z.; Walton, K. (March 1981a). "Presynaptic calcium currents in the squid giant synapse". Biophysical ... of transmission at this synapse by making simultaneous intracellular recording from the presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals ... Llinás, R.; Steinberg, I.Z.; Walton, K. (March 1981b). "Relationship between presynaptic calcium current and postsynaptic ...

... s are diffusely distributed in neurons and become concentrated at presynaptic terminals as neurons mature. There exists ... Their neuroligin partners can induce presynaptic terminals by recruiting neurexins. Synapse formation can therefore be ... Neurexins (NRXN) are a family of presynaptic cell adhesion proteins that have roles in connecting neurons at the synapse. They ... Thus neurexins play an important role in assembling presynaptic and postsynaptic machinery. Trans-synapse, the extracellular ...

"Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters Visualize Dopamine Release from Individual Presynaptic Terminals". Science. 324 (5933): ...

... s are also present on presynaptic nerve terminals. There is some evidence for a role in modulation of ... Rondé P, Nichols RA (1998). "High calcium permeability of serotonin 5-HT3 receptors on presynaptic nerve terminals from rat ... N-terminal glycosylation of receptor subunits is critical for subunit assembly and plasma membrane trafficking. The subunits ... surround a central ion channel in a pseudo-symmetric manner (Fig.1). Each subunit comprises an extracellular N-terminal domain ...

... occurs when an inhibitory neurotransmitter, like GABA, acts on GABA receptors on the axon terminal. Or ... In addition to the presence of GABA receptors along sensory afferent axons, the presynaptic terminal also has a distinct ionic ... However, in primary afferent fibers, due to the high concentration of chloride at the presynaptic terminal and thus its altered ... Presynaptic inhibition is a phenomenon in which an inhibitory neuron provides synaptic input to the axon of another neuron (axo ...

As an action potential propagates down an axon it reaches the axon terminal called the presynaptic bouton. In the presynaptic ... The periactive zone surrounds the active zone and is the site of endocytosis of the presynaptic terminal. In the periactive ... Zhai R. Grace; Bellen Hugo J. (2004). "The Architecture of the Active Zone in the Presynaptic Nerve Terminal". Physiology. 19 ( ... The Molecular Architecture of Ribbon Presynaptic Terminals.Mol Neurobiol (2009) 39:130-148 Gersdorff H. and Matthews G. (1994) ...

2009). "Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters Visualize Dopamine Release from Individual Presynaptic Terminals". Science. 324 ( ... Pothos, E.; Davila, V.; Sulzer, D. (1998). "Presynaptic recording of quanta from midbrain dopamine neurons and modulation of ... Pothos, Emmanuel N.; Davila, Viviana; Sulzer, David (1998). "Presynaptic recording of quanta from midbrain dopamine neurons and ... They call these "chronic postsynaptic depression" and "paradoxical presynaptic potentiation", which may explain drug dependence ...

... is sufficient to form new functional presynaptic terminals in vitro. However, evidence suggests that additional ... "Gephyrin clusters are absent from small diameter primary afferent terminals despite the presence of GABA(A) receptors". The ... and modifying the binding of the neuroligin protein to its presynaptic partners, neurexins, thus interrupting essential ... "Neuroligin expressed in nonneuronal cells triggers presynaptic development in contacting axons". Cell. 101 (6): 657-69. doi: ...

Lesion studies also confirm 3H-NIS's relation to presynaptic norepinephrine terminals. 3H-NIS binds with high affinity (Kd = ... At doses capable of blocking the uptake of norepinephrine and tyramine at nerve terminals, nisoxetine did not produce any ...

Llinas, R; Sugimori, M; Silver, R. (1 May 1992). "Microdomains of high calcium concentration in a presynaptic terminal". ... Thomsen, L. B. T. L. B.; Jorntell, H.; Midtgaard, J. (2010). "Presynaptic calcium signalling in cerebellar mossy fibres". ...

Presynaptic neurotoxins disrupt neurotransmitter release from the axon terminal. This takes days to resolve and does not ... Hodgson WC, Dal Belo CA, Rowan EG (2007). "The neuromuscular activity of paradoxin: a presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of ... Hodgson WC, Dal Belo CA, Rowan EG (2007). "The neuromuscular activity of paradoxin: a presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of ... Inland taipan snake venom contains potent presynaptic neurotoxins (toxins in venom that cause paralysis or muscle weakness). ...

Llinas, R; Sugimori, M; Silver, R. (1 May 1992). "Microdomains of high calcium concentration in a presynaptic terminal". ... Llinás, R.; Steinberg, I. Z.; Walton, K. (1976-08-01). "Presynaptic calcium currents and their relation to synaptic ... Direct demonstration of calcium concentration microdomains at the presynaptic active zone. Utilization of ... First determination of presynaptic calcium current, under voltage clamp, at the squid giant synapse. Discovery that vertebrate ...

... a protein associated with the docking/fusion complex in presynaptic terminals". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 213 (3): 1107-14. ... Complexin stabilizes the C-terminal part of the SNARE complex. Complexin acts as a positive regulator of synaptic vesicle ... It is believed that the C-terminal domain of complexin is responsible for this inhibitory function. In several eukaryotic ... It is suggested that complexin's N-terminal alpha-helix domain incorporates itself into the SNARE complex helix bundle and ...

Synaptic vesicles are located at presynaptic terminals in neurons and store neurotransmitters. When a signal comes down an axon ...

Axon terminals (also called synaptic boutons, presynaptic terminals, or end-feet) are distal terminations of the branches of an ... most presynaptic terminals are actually formed along the axons (en-passant boutons), not at their ends (terminal boutons). ... Burrone J, Li Z, Murthy VN (2006). "Studying vesicle cycling in presynaptic terminals using the genetically encoded probe ... Calyx of Held, a giant axon terminal in the auditory system Neuromuscular junction, axon terminal contacting a muscle cell ...

... and GABA release via regulation of action potential duration in presynaptic terminals. Kv3.2 currents in heterologous systems ... terminal fields of thalamocortical projections), and in retinal ganglion cells. Kv3.1/Kv3.2 conductance is necessary and ... Kv3.2 isoforms differ only in their C-terminal sequence. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000166006 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38 ...

Partial blockage of the receptor leads to retraction of corresponding presynaptic terminals. Later they used a connectomic ... Neuroligins are concentrated at the postsynaptic site and act via neurexins concentrated in the presynaptic axons. SynCAM is a ... Scheiffele and colleagues have shown that neuroligins and SynCAM can act as factors that induce presynaptic differentiation. ...

... a protein associated with the docking/fusion complex in presynaptic terminals". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ...

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are located within the presynaptic terminal. When an action potential invades the presynaptic ... Therefore, short-term facilitation (STF) results from a build up of Ca2+ within the presynaptic terminal when action potentials ... Each EPSC is triggered by pre-synaptic calcium concentrations and can be approximated by: EPSC = k([Ca2+ ]presynaptic)4 = k([ ... The inactivation of presynaptic Ca2+ channels after repeated action potentials also contributes to STD. Depression and ...

These areas are important because they stimulate the presynaptic terminals in cortical neurons. Also, this stimulation to the ...

... concentrates in presynaptic terminals of the heart and other autonomically innervated organs. This enables the ... MIBG is absorbed by and accumulated in granules of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells, as well as in pre-synaptic adrenergic ... The norepinephrine transporter (NET) functions to provide norepinephrine uptake at the synaptic terminals and adrenal ...

At presynaptic terminals in the striatum, cGMP controls the efficacy of neurotransmitter release. cGMP is a secondary messenger ... Fieblinger T, Perez-Alvarez A, Lamothe-Molina PJ, Gee CE, Oertner TG (August 2022). "Presynaptic cGMP sets synaptic strength in ...

In the brain, alpha-synuclein is found mainly in the axon terminals of presynaptic neurons. Within these terminals, alpha- ... Presynaptic terminals release chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters, from compartments known as synaptic vesicles. The ... Alpha-synuclein is specifically upregulated in a discrete population of presynaptic terminals of the brain during a period of ... and N-terminal truncation and a 7.27 kDa C-terminal fragment (72-140). The 7.27 kDa fragment, which contains the majority of ...

... s are presynaptic to mushroom body output neurons in the lobes. However, the lobes are not only output regions; ... These microglomeruli are made up of Kenyon cell dendrites, cholinergic boutons, and GABAergic terminals. Antennal lobe ...

Ikeda, K., & Bekkers, J. M. (2009). Counting the number of releasable synaptic vesicles in a presynaptic terminal. [Article]. ... Because each presynaptic cell can link up to thousands of connections with other neurons, synaptic fatigue and its recovery can ... The timing it takes for neurotransmitter to be released into the synaptic cleft and then be recycled back to the presynaptic ... One model predicts that the vesicle undergoes complete fusion with the presynaptic cellular membrane once all its contents have ...

Transmitters are released from pre-synaptic terminals through fusion of vesicles to the membrane, that are filled with ... Additional vesicles within the reserve pool of the presynaptic terminal are released according to stronger amplitude ... Vesicles are exocytosed, with neurotransmitters reentering the presynaptic terminal for reuse. These fused vesicles then ... Stanton, Patric K.; Winterer, Jochen; Zhang, Xiao-lei; Müller, Wolfgang (November 2005). "Imaging LTP of presynaptic release of ...