Heaviest particle-bound isotope of oxygen, see Nuclear drip line Natural oxygen is made of three stable isotopes, 16 O , 17 O ... As some methods of isotope separation enrich not only heavier isotopes of hydrogen but also heavier isotopes of oxygen when ... Isotopes of oxygen, Oxygen, Lists of isotopes by element). ... Oxygen isotopes are also used to trace ocean composition and ... Due to natural oxygen being mostly 16 O, samples enriched with the other stable isotopes can be used for isotope labeling. For ...
... s are cyclical variations in the ratio of the abundance of oxygen with an atomic mass of 18 to the ... ventilation and so on affect the accuracy of oxygen isotope measurements. Solid samples (organic and inorganic) for oxygen ... Oxygen isotope analysis considers only the ratio of 18O to 16O present in a sample. The calculated ratio of the masses of each ... Oxygen (chemical symbol O) has three naturally occurring isotopes: 16O, 17O, and 18O, where the 16, 17 and 18 refer to the ...
Oxygen isotopes and sea level. Nature 324, 137-140. C. Waelbroeck, L. Labeyrie, E. Michel, et al., (2002) Sea-level and deep ... Clumped isotopes are heavy isotopes that are bonded to other heavy isotopes. The relative abundance of clumped isotopes (and ... the study of which forms the basis of clumped isotope geochemistry. When a heavier isotope substitutes for a lighter isotope (e ... Fractionation of the stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon in carbon dioxide during the reaction of calcite with phosphoric acid ...
Valley, John W. (Jan 2003). "Oxygen Isotopes in Zircon". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 53 (1): 343-385. Bibcode: ... Kinny, Peter D.; Maas, Roland (Jan 2003). "Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systems in zircon". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. ... Zircon is also useful because its incorporation of other elements like uranium, lutetium, samarium, and oxygen can be analyzed ... Slow diffusion rates also prevent contamination by leaking or loss of isotopes from the crystal, increasing the likelihood that ...
Oxygen has three stable isotopes, 16O, 17O, and 18O. Oxygen ratios are measured relative to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water ( ... Typically, the VPDB oxygen reference is used for paleoclimate, while VSMOW is used for most other applications. Oxygen isotopes ... USGS Tritium/Helium-3 Dating Hydrologic Isotope Tracers - Helium Cosmogenic isotopes Environmental isotopes Geochemistry ... Carbon has two stable isotopes, 12C and 13C, and one radioactive isotope, 14C. The stable carbon isotope ratio, δ13C, is ...
Species of Foraminifera incorporate oxygen as calcium carbonate in their shells. The ratio of the oxygen isotopes oxygen-16 and ... The relative abundance of such stable isotopes can be measured experimentally (isotope analysis), yielding an isotope ratio ... This field is termed stable isotope geochemistry. Measurement of the ratios of naturally occurring stable isotopes (isotope ... oxygen and sulfur) are also finding uses in ecological and biological studies. Other workers have used oxygen isotope ratios to ...
Oxygen isotope ratios in fossilized bone are sometimes used to determine the temperature at which the bone was deposited, as ... Barrick, R. E.; Stoskopf, M. K.; Showers, W. J. (1999). "Oxygen isotopes in dinosaur bones". In Farlow, J. O.; Brett-Surman, M ... Other scientists have pointed out that the ratio of oxygen isotopes in the fossils today does not necessarily represent the ... Trueman, C.; Chenery, C.; Eberth, D. A.; Spiro, B. (2003). "Diagenetic effects on the oxygen isotope composition of bones of ...
The most widely studied and used isotopes in archaeology are carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, strontium and calcium. An isotope is an ... As with carbon, oxygen isotopic ratio variances can be attributed to specific locations and the proportion of O isotopes can ... Oxygen and nitrogen occur in the form of different isotopes which vary in their proportions geospatially and climatically. ... TIMS, ICP-MS and gas mass spectrometry have all been applied to the strontium, lead, and oxygen isotopes in Ötzi's bones and ...
Guy, R. D.; Fogel, M. L.; Berry, J. A. (1993-01-01). "Photosynthetic Fractionation of the Stable Isotopes of Oxygen and Carbon ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, CS1 errors: periodical ignored, CS1 maint: others, Isotope separation, Isotopes of ... Understanding these variations in carbon fractionation across species is applied in isotope geochemistry and ecological isotope ... then releases molecular oxygen as a product. Organic carbon contains less of the stable isotope Carbon-13, or 13C, relative to ...
Shchepinov, Mikhail S (2007). "Reactive Oxygen Species, Isotope Effect, Essential Nutrients, and Enhanced Longevity". ... A heavy isotope diet is one in that contains nutrients in which some atoms are replaced with their heavier non-radioactive ... One of the most pernicious and irreparable types of oxidative damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon ... Li, Xiyan; Snyder, Michael P (2016). "Yeast longevity promoted by reversing aging-associated decline in heavy isotope content ...
Isotopes of oxygen Dole, Malcolm (1936). "The Relative Atomic Weight of Oxygen in Water and in Air". Journal of Chemical ... The Dole effect, named after Malcolm Dole, describes an inequality in the ratio of the heavy isotope 18O (a "standard" oxygen ... 1989). "Differential fractionation of oxygen isotopes by cyanide-resistant and cyanide-sensitive respiration in plants". Planta ... Morita, N. (1935). "The increased density of air oxygen relative to water oxygen". J. Chem. Soc. Japan. 56: 1291. Kroopnick, P ...
Oxygen isotope studies had been performed before the modern era, both on Earth rocks and meteorites. However, isotope ... Although the carbon and nitrogen isotopes are closer to CI, the oxygen isotopes, which predominate, are not CI-like. Tagish ... These are the macroscopic samples with the heaviest oxygen in the Solar System. Oxygen isotope studies and classification have ... with different isotope ratios. The three stable O-isotopes are 16O, 17O, and 18O. A "three-isotope plot" (17O/16O axis versus ...
Clayton and Mayeda studied variations in the ratio of oxygen-17 and oxygen-18 to the most abundant isotope oxygen-16, building ... Clayton worked in the field of cosmochemistry and is best known for the use of the stable isotopes of oxygen to classify ... Clayton and Mayeda studied the Achondrite meteorites and showed that variations in the oxygen isotope ratios within a planet ... Clayton, Robert N.; Onuma, Naoki; Mayeda, Toshiko K. (1976-04-01). "A classification of meteorites based on oxygen isotopes". ...
They studied variations in the abundances of the stable isotopes of oxygen, oxygen-16, oxygen-17 and oxygen-18, and deduced ... From the 1970s until the late 1990s Mayeda and Clayton became famous for their use of oxygen isotopes to classify meteorites. ... They used mass spectrometry to measure oxygen isotopes in the shells of marine molluscs which gave information on the ... Mayeda and Clayton's first research paper considered the use of Bromine pentafluoride to extract Isotopes of oxygen from rocks ...
Mandernack KW, Bazylinski DA, Shanks WC, Bullen TD (September 1999). "Oxygen and iron isotope studies of magnetite produced by ... When isotopes diffuse, the lower mass isotopes diffuse more quickly than the heavier isotopes, resulting in fractionation. This ... Stable iron isotopes are described as the relative abundance of each of the stable isotopes with respect to 54Fe. The standard ... Diffusion of isotopes through a solution or material can also result in fractionations, as the lighter mass isotopes are able ...
The heavy isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in rainwater (so-called meteoric water) are enriched as a function of the ... DOI: 10.1039/CS9972600401 "Oxygen - Isotopes and Hydrology". SAHRA. Archived from the original on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 10 ... Measurements of small variations in the natural abundances of deuterium, along with those of the stable heavy oxygen isotopes ... also differentially alter the ratios of heavy hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in fresh and salt waters, in characteristic and ...
Blatt, H. (1 March 1987). "Perspectives; Oxygen isotopes and the origin of quartz". Journal of Sedimentary Research. 57 (2): ...
In the 1990s, in addition to continued work on radiocarbon calibration and solar variability, he began work on oxygen isotopes ... Stuiver, M. and P. M. Grootes (2000). "GISP2 oxygen isotope ratios." Quaternary Research 53(3): 277-283. Steven W. Leavitt ( ... There he built the Quaternary Isotope Lab with a lead-lined room 30 feet below ground to shield the hand-built gas counters ... Their sub-annual resolution stable isotopes measurements provided confirmation of the rapid nature of major climatic changes at ...
Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water thus serve as an excellent tracer of the hydrological cycle both globally and locally. ... isotope ratios of the bulk chemical mixture, or isotope ratios of individual constituent compounds. Stable isotopes of carbon ... Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes also work as tracers for water budget in terrestrial reservoirs, including lakes, rivers, ... Hou et al., 2008 Soto, D. X., Wassenaar, L. I., Hobson, K. A., (2013) Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in aquatic food webs ...
The oxygen isotope record preserved in the ice cores is therefore a "mirror" of the record contained in ocean sediments. Oxygen ... 87Sr, 88Sr and oxygen isotope variations are different all over the world. These differences in isotopic ratio are then ... The main elements used in isotope ecology are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur, but also include silicon, iron, ... In isotope hydrology, stable isotopes of water (2H and 18O) are used to estimate the source, age, and flow paths of water ...
Karhu, J.A.; Holland, H.D. (1 October 1996). "Carbon isotopes and the rise of atmospheric oxygen". Geology. 24 (10): 867-870. ... Oxygen only began to persist in the atmosphere in small quantities about 50 million years before the start of the Great ... Oxygen is a reactive compound, and should eventually combine with gases and minerals of the Earth's atmosphere and crust. ... Traces of methane (at an amount of 100,000 tonnes produced per year) should not exist, as methane is combustible in an oxygen ...
"Oxygen isotopes and emerald trade routes since antiquity". Science. 287 (5453): 631-633. Bibcode:2000Sci...287..631G. doi: ...
Oxygen isotope ratio in atmosphere varies predictably with time of year and geographic location; e.g. there is a 2% difference ... Different oxygen isotopic signatures can indicate the origin of material ejected into space. The Moon's titanium isotope ratio ... The rate of exchange of surface isotopes with the environment has to be taken in account. The oxygen isotopic signatures of ... October 2001). "Oxygen Isotopes and the Moon-Forming Giant Impact". Science. 294 (12): 345-348. Bibcode:2001Sci...294..345W. ...
Various isotopes of oxygen are present on the Moon in the form of 16O, 17O, and 18O. At least twenty different possible ... Wiechert, U.; Halliday, A. N.; Lee, D.-C.; Snyder, G. A.; Taylor, L. A.; Rumble, D. (2001). "Oxygen Isotopes and the Moon- ... The elemental oxygen content in the regolith is estimated at 45% by weight. Oxygen is often found in iron-rich lunar minerals ... Oxygen from lunar regolith oxides can be a source for metabolic oxygen and rocket propellant oxidizer. Water ice can provide ...
However, this hypothesis does not adequately explain the essentially identical oxygen isotope ratios of the two bodies. This is ... Scott, Edward R. D. (December 3, 2001). "Oxygen Isotopes Give Clues to the Formation of Planets, Moons, and Asteroids". ... "Oxygen Isotopes and the Moon-Forming Giant Impact". Science. 294 (12): 345-348. Bibcode:2001Sci...294..345W. doi:10.1126/ ... The Moon's oxygen isotopic ratios seem to be essentially identical to Earth's. Oxygen isotopic ratios, which may be measured ...
October 2001). "Oxygen Isotopes and the Moon-Forming Giant Impact". Science. 294 (12): 345-348. Bibcode:2001Sci...294..345W. ... Scott, Edward R. D. (December 3, 2001). "Oxygen Isotopes Give Clues to the Formation of Planets, Moons, and Asteroids". ... The Moon's oxygen isotopic ratios are essentially identical to those of Earth. Oxygen isotopic ratios, which may be measured ... which show oxygen isotope ratios nearly identical to those of Earth. The highly anorthositic composition of the lunar crust, as ...
As oxygen isotopes (18O and 16O) and hydrogen isotopes (2H and 1H) have different masses, they behave differently in the ... describes the global annual average relationship between hydrogen and oxygen isotope (Oxygen-18 and Deuterium) ratios in ... Gat, J. R. (1996). "Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the hydrologic cycle". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 24 (1 ... The relationship of δ18O and δ2H in meteoric water is caused by mass dependent fractionation of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes ...
"Oxygen Isotopes and the Moon-Forming Giant Impact". Science. 294 (12): 345-348. Bibcode:2001Sci...294..345W. doi:10.1126/ ... A torus of oxygen and hydrogen produced by Saturn's moon, Enceladus forms part of the E ring around Saturn. Nitrogen gas ... The Io plasma torus is a transfer of oxygen and sulfur from the tenuous atmosphere of Jupiter's volcanic moon, Io and other ... In the case of the latter, however, virtually identical isotope ratios found in samples of the Earth and Moon cannot be ...
Gat, J. R. (May 1996). "Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes in the Hydrologic Cycle". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. ... Jasechko, Scott (September 2019). "Global Isotope Hydrogeology―Review". Reviews of Geophysics. 57 (3): 835-965. Bibcode: ...
Evidence from Oxygen Isotopes". Science. New York City. 265 (5169): 222-224. Bibcode:1994Sci...265..222B. doi:10.1126/science. ...
64: 1315-1326, 1953). (See Oxygen isotope ratio cycle.) He retired from the university in 1972 but continued to write and run ... He worked closely with Harold Urey to find a way to use the ratio of oxygen isotopes to determine temperatures in previous eras ...
... and copper isotopes in Y-Ba-Cu-O, substituting oxygen isotopes in La-Sr-Cu-O, and substituting carbon and alkali isotopes in ... "Oxygen isotope study of YBa2Cu3O7". Physical Review B. 39 (4): 2269-2278. doi:10.1103/physrevb.39.2269. Bourne, L. C.; Zettl, A ... "Observation of an oxygen isotope shift in the superconducting transition temperature of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4". Physical Review ... doi:10.1016/S0921-4534(97)01010-1. Burk, B.; Crespi, Vincent H.; Zettl, A.; Cohen, Marvin L. (6 June 1994). "Rubidium isotope ...