Mitochondrial DNA
Clade CoRR hypothesis Haplogroup Heteroplasmy Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup Human mitochondrial genetics Mitochondrial ... An IVF technique known as mitochondrial donation or mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) results in offspring containing ... In Huntington's disease, mutant huntingtin protein causes mitochondrial dysfunction involving inhibition of mitochondrial ... disease Mitochondrial DNA (journal) Mitochondrial Eve Mitochondrial rCRS Paternal mtDNA transmission Single origin theory ...
Mitochondrial ferritin
2009). "Mitochondrial ferritin limits oxidative damage regulating mitochondrial iron availability: hypothesis for a protective ... Mitochondrial ferritin is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTMT gene. It is classified as a metal-binding ... 2002). "Mitochondrial ferritin: a new player in iron metabolism". Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 29 (3): 376-83. doi:10.1006/bcmd. ... Levi S, Corsi B, Bosisio M, Invernizzi R, Volz A, Sanford D, Arosio P, Drysdale J (July 2001). "A human mitochondrial ferritin ...
Mitochondrial myopathy
Mitochondrial myopathies are types of myopathies associated with mitochondrial disease. On biopsy, the muscle tissue of ... ophthalmoparesis Symptomatic overlap with other mitochondrial myopathies Mitochondrial myopathy literally means mitochondrial ... The cause may be genetic, such as a variation within the POLG (polymerase gamma) gene, which causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ... Metabolic Myopathies "Mitochondrial Myopathy Information Page , National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke". www. ...
Mitochondrial ribosome
While mitochondrial rRNAs are encoded in the mitochondrial genome, the proteins that make up mitoribosomes are encoded in the ... However, only 8 and 13 proteins are encoded in mitochondrial DNA in yeast and humans respectively. Most mitochondrial proteins ... mitochondrial) Greber BJ, Ban N (June 2016). "Structure and Function of the Mitochondrial Ribosome". Annual Review of ... The mitochondrial ribosome, or mitoribosome, is a protein complex that is active in mitochondria and functions as a riboprotein ...
Mitochondrial matrix
The mitochondrial DNA only codes for about thirteen proteins that are used in processing mitochondrial transcripts, ribosomal ... One to many double stranded mainly circular DNA is present in mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondrial DNA is 1% of total DNA of a ... The mitochondrial matrix contains the mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, soluble enzymes, small organic molecules, nucleotide ... Mitochondrial matrix has a pH of about 7.8, which is higher than the pH of the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, which ...
Mitochondrial fusion
... enables content mixing within a mitochondrial population, thereby preventing permanent loss of essential ... The changes in balance between the rates of mitochondrial fission and fusion directly affect the wide range of mitochondrial ... Mitochondrial fission Mitochondrial carriers MFN1 MFN2 OPA1 DNM1 Transporter Classification Database Lewis, Margaret (1915). " ... The combined effects of continuous fusion and fission give rise to mitochondrial networks. The mechanisms of mitochondrial ...
Mitochondrial disease
... can manifest in many different ways. Examples of mitochondrial diseases include: Mitochondrial myopathy ... Mitochondrial disorders may be caused by mutations (acquired or inherited), in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), or in nuclear genes ... Most mitochondrial function and biogenesis is controlled by nuclear DNA. Human mitochondrial DNA encodes 13 proteins of the ... Mitochondrial disease is a group of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the organelles that ...
Mitochondrial carrier
The Mitochondrial Carrier (MC) Superfamily has been expanded to include both the original Mitochondrial Carrier (MC) family ( ... Mitochondrial carriers transport amino acids, keto acids, nucleotides, inorganic ions and co-factors through the mitochondrial ... Mutations of mitochondrial carrier genes involved in mitochondrial functions other than oxidative phosphorylation are ... Yeast mitochondrial proteins MRS3 (TC# 2.A.29.5.1) and MRS4 (TC# 2.A.29.5.2) Yeast mitochondrial FAD carrier protein (TC# 2.A. ...
Mitochondrial ROS
At low levels, mitochondrial ROS are considered to be important for metabolic adaptation as seen in hypoxia. Mitochondrial ROS ... Generation of mitochondrial ROS mainly takes place at the electron transport chain located on the inner mitochondrial membrane ... Mitochondrial ROS can promote cellular senescence and aging phenotypes in the skin of mice. Ordinarily mitochondrial SOD2 ... in mitochondrial matrix and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in mitochondrial intermembrane space. Collectively, both superoxide ...
Mitochondrial toxicity
... at hiv.org v t e (Articles needing cleanup from September 2022, Articles with bare URLs for citations ... Mitochondrial toxicity is a condition in which the mitochondria of a body's cells become damaged or decline significantly in ... While the exact causes of mitochondrial toxicity are unknown, research has shown that a certain group of anti-viral drugs used ... "Project Inform: Mitochondrial Damage and Lactic Acidosis [ HIV / AIDS Treatment Information ]". Archived from the original on ...
Mitochondrial biogenesis
In mammals, mitochondrial fusion and fission are both controlled by GTPases of the dynamin family. The process of mitochondrial ... Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers. It was first described by John Holloszy ... The majority of mitochondrial protein comes from the nuclear genome, while the mitochondrial genome encodes parts of the ... The capacity for mitochondrial biogenesis has been shown to decrease with age, and such decreased mitochondrial function has ...
Mitochondrial Eve
When the mitochondrial lineages of daughters of Mitochondrial Eve die out, then the title of "Mitochondrial Eve" shifts forward ... The Mitochondrial Eve can change, when a mother-daughter line comes to an end. It follows from the definition of Mitochondrial ... This is far more recent than when Mitochondrial Eve was proposed to have lived. Mitochondrial Eve, the most recent female-line ... According to current nomenclature, Mitochondrial Eve's haplogroup was within mitochondrial haplogroup L because this macro- ...
Mitochondrial shuttle
The mitochondrial shuttles are biochemical transport systems used to transport reducing agents across the inner mitochondrial ... Mitochondrial carrier Garrett, Reginald H. (11 February 2016). Biochemistry. Grisham, Charles M. (Sixth ed.). Boston, MA. ISBN ... the consumption of metabolites and it uses two antiporters to transport metabolites and keep balance within the mitochondrial ...
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
A mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is a form of encephalomyopathy that is associated with a mitochondrial disease. MELAS ... March 2005). "Novel mitochondrial DNA ND5 mutation in a patient with clinical features of MELAS and MERRF". Arch. Neurol. 62 (3 ... August 1993). "Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: variable clinical expression within a single kindred". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. ... February 2004). "Revelation of a new mitochondrial DNA mutation (G12147A) in a MELAS/MERFF phenotype". Arch. Neurol. 61 (2): ...
Mitochondrial fission
Mitochondrial fusion in turn can result in elongated mitochondrial networks. Both mitochondrial fission and fusion are balanced ... Mitochondrial fission is counteracted by the process of mitochondrial fusion, whereby two separate mitochondria can fuse ... Mitochondrial fission is the process where mitochondria divide or segregate into two separate mitochondrial organelles. ... "Control of mitochondrial morphology through differential interactions of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins." PLOS ONE ...
Vertebrate mitochondrial code
The vertebrate mitochondrial code (translation table 2) is the genetic code found in the mitochondria of all vertebrata. AGA ... Mitochondrial genes in some vertebrates (including humans) have incomplete stop codons ending in U or UA, which become complete ... Ki, J. S.; Hwang, D. S.; Park, T. J.; Han, S. H.; Lee, J. S. (2009). "A comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial ... S. Osawa, T. Ohama, T. H. Jukes and K. Watanabe (September 1989). "Evolution of the mitochondrial genetic code. I. Origin of ...
Chlorophycean mitochondrial code
The chlorophycean mitochondrial code (translation table 16) is a genetic code found in the mitochondria of Chlorophyceae. AAs ... M. J. Laforest; I. Roewer; B. F. Lang (1 February 1997). "Mitochondrial tRNAs in the lower fungus Spizellomyces punctatus: tRNA ...
Mitochondrial calcium uniporter
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a transmembrane protein that allows the passage of calcium ions from a cell's ... The mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) is a single pass membrane protein, it contains 2 binding domains. This protein was ... MICU1 was used as a bait to figure out what the core of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter was. Once both MICU1 and MCU were ... It is also shown that all three, MCU, MICU1, and MICU2 are part of a single complex, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter ...
Pterobranchia mitochondrial code
The pterobranchia mitochondrial code (translation table 24) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of Rhabdopleura ... This code shares with many other mitochondrial codes the reassignment of the UGA STOP to tryptophan, and AGG and AGA to an ... Code 24 is very similar to the mitochondrial code 33 for the Pterobranchia. AAs = FFLLSSSSYY** ... "The enigmatic mitochondrial genome of Rhabdopleura compacta(Pterobranchia) reveals insights into selection of an efficient tRNA ...
Invertebrate mitochondrial code
The invertebrate mitochondrial code (translation table 5) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of invertebrates. ... Gadaleta G, Pepe G, De Candia G, Quagliariello C, Sbisà E, Saccone C (July 1988). "Nucleotide sequence of rat mitochondrial ... Sengupta S, Yang X, Higgs PG (June 2007). "The mechanisms of codon reassignments in mitochondrial genetic codes". Journal of ... Hoffmann RJ, Boore JL, Brown WM (June 1992). "A novel mitochondrial genome organization for the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis". ...
Mitochondrial replacement therapy
... has been used to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial diseases from mother to child; it ... Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), sometimes called mitochondrial donation, is the replacement of mitochondria in one or ... Mitochondrial donation also has the potential for psychological and emotional impacts on an offspring through an effect on the ... "Mitochondrial Donation Law Reform (Maeve's Law) Bill 2021". www.aph.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-04-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: ...
Mitochondrial folate transporter
It is encoded by the SLC25A32 gene and belongs to the mitochondrial carrier superfamily. The mitochondrial folate transporter ... The mitochondrial folate transporter (MTF) is a transport protein that facilitates the transfer of tetrahydrofolate across the ... Protein pages needing a picture, Genes on human chromosome 8, Mitochondrial proteins). ...
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies
The encoded protein frataxin is directed to the mitochondrial inner membrane and is involved in the assembly of iron-sulphur ... Mitochondria are maternally inherited, so a genetic defect in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is passed on from mother to child. ... Includes Mitochondrial Encephalitis Lactic Acidosis Seizures (MELAS), myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers (MERRF), ... As our understanding of mitochondrial diseases improves a degree of similarity and overlap are seen within this group of ...
Mitochondrial glycine transporter
... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A38 gene. SLC25A38 is involved in ... mitochondrial handling of glycine and is needed for the first step in heme synthesis. Mutations in this gene can lead to an ...
Inner mitochondrial membrane
The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is the mitochondrial membrane which separates the mitochondrial matrix from the ... The inner mitochondrial membrane is both an electrical insulator and chemical barrier. Sophisticated ion transporters exist to ... Mitochondrial inner membrane (97 proteins) Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database (Membrane biology, Mitochondria ... In pig heart mitochondria, phosphatidylethanolamine makes up the majority of the inner mitochondrial membrane at 37.0% of the ...
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein
... (MTP) is a protein attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane which catalyzes three out ... mitochondrial+trifunctional+protein+TP at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Proteins). ... identified a human mitochondrial protein, monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase (MLCL AT-1), that is identical in amino acid ... Zhou, Z.; Zhou, J.; Du, Y. (2012). "Estrogen Receptor Alpha Interacts with Mitochondrial Protein HADHB and Affects Beta- ...
MT-TV (mitochondrial)
The MT-TV gene is located on the p arm of the non-nuclear mitochondrial DNA at position 12 and it spans 69 base pairs. The ... Mitochondrially encoded tRNA valine also known as MT-TV is a transfer RNA which in humans is encoded by the mitochondrial MT-TV ... MT-TV is a small 69 nucleotide RNA (human mitochondrial map position 1602-1670) that transfers the amino acid valine to a ... GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Mitochondrial DNA-Associated Leigh Syndrome and NARP This article incorporates text from the ...
Anti-mitochondrial antibody
... outer mitochondrial membrane M4 - sulfite oxidase M5 - outer mitochondrial membrane M6 - outer mitochondrial membrane M7 - ... Anti-cardiolipin antibodies are another type of AMA, and cardiolipin is found on the inner mitochondrial membrane. A cause of ... Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are autoantibodies, consisting of immunoglobulins formed against mitochondria, primarily ... Several of the antigens associated with anti-mitochondrial antibodies have been identified. M1 - cardiolipin (Anti-cardiolipin ...
Cephalodiscidae mitochondrial code
The Cephalodiscidae mitochondrial code (translation table 33) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of ... This code shares with many other mitochondrial codes the reassignment of the UGA STOP to tryptophan, and AGG and AGA to an ... Code 33 is very similar to the mitochondrial code 24 for the Pterobranchia, which also belong to the Hemichordata, except that ... Perseke M, Hetmank J, Bernt M, Stadler PF, Schlegel M, Bernhard D (May 2011). "The enigmatic mitochondrial genome of ...
Trematode mitochondrial code
Evolution of the mitochondrial genetic code. IV. AAA as an asparagine codon in some animal mitochondria. Ohama, T, S. Osawa, K ... The trematode mitochondrial code (translation table 21) is a genetic code found in the mitochondria of Trematoda. AAs = ... 30 Platyhelminth mitochondrial DNA: evidence for early evolutionary origin of a tRNA(serAGN) that contains a dihydrouridine arm ...