Lactams can polymerize to polyamides. Lactone, a cyclic ester. β-Lactam β-Lactam antibiotics, which includes penicillins 2- ... Lactams form from cyclic ketones and hydrazoic acid in the Schmidt reaction. Lactams can be formed from cyclisation of amino ... At optimum temperatures, a highly useful γ-lactam known as Vince Lactam is obtained. A lactim is a cyclic imidic acid compound ... General synthetic methods are used for the organic synthesis of lactams. Lactams form by the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of ...

... is the commercial name given to the bicyclic molecule γ-lactam 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one. This lactam is ... Peramivir synthesis is also dependent on Vince lactam starting material. Vince lactam has been extensively used for the ... Vince's work with this lactam eventually led to his synthesis of abacavir. ... Vince lactam is also an intermediate in the synthesis of various nucleoside analogs such as difluoro guanosine derivatives (V ...

The Ojima lactam is an organic compound of some importance in the commercial production of Taxol. This lactam was first ... doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)91210-4. (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Lactams). ... in the β-lactam a chiral auxiliary is used in the enolate synthesis. The enolate synthesis starts from glycolic acid. The ... "New and efficient approaches to the semisynthesis of taxol and its C-13 side chain analogs by means of lactam synthon method". ...

A beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring is a four-membered lactam. A lactam is a cyclic amide, and beta-lactams are named so because the ... β-lactams are significant structural units of medicines as manifested in many β-lactam antibiotics Up to 1970, most β-lactam ... Many methods have been developed for the synthesis of β-lactams. The Breckpot β-lactam synthesis produces substituted β-lactams ... Synthesis of β-lactams (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Beta-lactams, Four-membered rings) ...

... is a monobactam antibiotic derived from tabtoxin. Unlike other β-lactam antibiotics, which inhibit ... Lactams, Alpha-Amino acids, Amino acid derivatives, Beta-lactam antibiotics, Monobactam antibiotics, All stub articles, ... "Inhibition of Glutamine Synthetase from Pea by Tabtoxinine-β-lactam". Plant Physiology. 71 (4): 912-915. doi:10.1104/pp.71.4. ... penicillin-binding proteins, tabtoxinine β-lactam inhibits glutamine synthetase. Thomas, M. D.; Langston-Unkefer, P. J.; ...

β-lactams are classified according to their core ring structures. β-lactams fused to saturated five-membered rings: β-lactams ... β-lactams fused to unsaturated five-membered rings: β-lactams containing 2,3-dihydrothiazole rings are named penems. β-lactams ... β-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are antibiotics that contain a beta-lactam ring in their chemical structure. ... List of β-lactam antibiotics ATC code J01C Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins ATC code J01D Other beta-lactam ...

... is an American independent record label founded by Chris McBeth in 2000.The label relocated from its ... Textura Review: Three Beta-lactam Ring Records Releases; August 2008; accessed online Archived September 3, 2008, at the ...

D-2-aminohexano-6-lactam Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-2-aminohexano-6-lactam, and one product, D-2-aminohexano-6- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-aminohexano-6-lactam racemase. This enzyme is also called alpha-amino-epsilon- ... In enzymology, a 2-aminohexano-6-lactam racemase (EC 5.1.1.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-2- ... lactam. This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on amino acids and ...

This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics-both administered drugs and those not in clinical use-organized by structural ... Broadest spectrum of β-lactam antibiotics) Biapenem Doripenem Ertapenem Faropenem Imipenem Meropenem Panipenem Razupenem ... Tebipenem Thienamycin Aztreonam Tigemonam Nocardicin A Tabtoxinine β-lactam (does not inhibit penicillin-binding proteins) ...

In enzymology, a (carboxyethyl)arginine β-lactam-synthase (EC 6.3.3.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + ... Miller, M. T.; Bachmann, B. O.; Townsend, C. A.; Rosenzweig, A. C. (2002). "The catalytic cycle of beta -lactam synthetase ... Bachmann BO, Li R, Townsend CA (1998). "β-Lactam synthetase: A new biosynthetic enzyme". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95 (16): 9082-6 ...

Unlike the Staudinger β-lactam synthesis, the umpolung ketene in the Lectka β-lactam synthesis behaves as the nucleophile ... Achiral ketenes and imines, in the presence of a chiral nucleophilic catalyst, are allowed to react to make β-lactams in high ... Subsequent ring closure leads to the formation of the β-lactam and the regeneration of the chiral nucleophilic organocatalyst. ... Lectka and co-workers developed a catalytic, asymmetric method to synthesize β-lactams. ...

ISBN 978-0-470-68253-1. Hart, David J.; Ha, Deok Chan (1989). "The ester enolate-imine condensation route to .beta.-lactams". ...

Generally, (E)-imines form cis β-lactams while (Z)-imines form trans β-lactams. Other substituents affect the stereochemistry ... 2 cycloaddition to produce a β-lactam 3. The reaction carries particular importance in the synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics. ... The β-lactam moiety of the first synthetic penicillin was constructed using this cycloaddition, and it remains a valuable tool ... The ketene substituent affects the transition state by either speeding up or slowing down the progress towards the β-lactam. A ...

Cyclic amides are called lactams; they are necessarily secondary or tertiary amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and ...

2000). "Synthesis of pharmaceutical compositions with lactams and .beta.-lactams/oxo thia azabicyclo compounds". US Patent No. ...

As a β-lactam antibiotic, piperacillin inhibits penicillin-binding proteins, preventing the spread of bacteria and infections. ... Some β-lactamase enzymes also consist of residue at their active site, enabling them to hydrolyze the β-lactam ring found ... Gin A, Dilay L, Karlowsky JA, Walkty A, Rubinstein E, Zhanel GG (June 2007). "Piperacillin-tazobactam: a beta-lactam/beta- ... Allergic reactions can be induced from the side chains of β-lactam antibiotics such as amoxicillin, or antibodies surrounding ...

... lactams by photolytic Wolff rearrangement". J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 17 (10): 328-329. doi:10.1039/c39730000328. PMID ...

These are annulation reactions and have some utility in the synthesis of natural products; such as lactams and alkaloids. ... "The Application of the Schmidt Reaction and Beckmann Rearrangement to the Synthesis of Bicyclic Lactams: Some Mechanistic ... "Cation-π Control of Regiochemistry of Intramolecular Schmidt Reactions en Route to Bridged Bicyclic Lactams" (Communication). J ...

M.I. Page (6 December 2012). The Chemistry of β-Lactams. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 103. ISBN 978-94-011-2928-2. ... They are a class of Beta lactam antibiotics used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Penicillin resistance in ...

Monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics produced by bacteria. Nature 291:489-491. Bush K, Bonner DP, Sykes RB. Izumenolide-a novel ... Bush, K; Tanaka, S K; Bonner, D P; Sykes, R B (1985-04-01). "Resistance caused by decreased penetration of beta-lactam ... Bush conducts research focusing on bacterial resistance mechanisms to beta-lactam antibiotics. Bush received her BA, magna cum ... Resistance caused by decreased penetration of beta-lactam antibiotics into Enterobacter cloacae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. ...

They are bicyclic ring systems containing a β-lactam moiety fused with a five-member thiazolidine ring. Due to ring strain and ... Penams are strained associated with the four-member β-lactam ring, whose internal bond angles are 90º. Consequently, penams are ... Penams are the primary skeleton structures that define the penicillin subclass of the broader β-lactam family of antibiotics ... Novak, Igor; Chua, Pei Juan (2006-09-01). "Computational Study of Pharmacophores: β-Lactams". The Journal of Physical Chemistry ...

This drug is given in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to inhibit β-lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria that ... Sulbactam is primarily used as a suicide inhibitor of β-lactamase, shielding more potent beta-lactams such as ampicillin. ... Singh GS (January 2004). "Beta-lactams in the new millennium. Part-II: cephems, oxacephems, penams and sulbactam". Mini Reviews ... Sulbactam itself contains a beta-lactam ring, and has weak antibacterial activity by inhibiting penicillin binding proteins ( ...

The biggest threat to the continued use of β-lactam antibiotics is that of bacterial resistance. Schofield is currently working ... The most important family of antibiotics contains a β-lactam ring, and includes the penicillin, cephalosporin, clavam, and ... "The enzymes of β-lactam biosynthesis". Natural Product Reports. 30 (1): 21-107. doi:10.1039/C2NP20065A. ISSN 1460-4752. PMID ... "Enzymatic Synthesis of Monocyclic β-Lactams". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 12 (4): 597-599. doi:10.1016/S0960-894X ...

With imines, beta-lactams are formed. This is the Staudinger synthesis, a facile route to this important class of compounds. ... The example shows the synthesis of a β-lactam by the reaction of a ketene with an imine (see Staudinger synthesis): Ketenes are ... lactams. This system has a broad substrate scope and can be applied to various combinations of carbene precursors, nucleophiles ...

Sulfuric acid is the most commonly used acid for commercial lactam production due to its formation of an ammonium sulfate by- ... For example, cyclododecanone can be converted to the corresponding lactam, the monomer used in the production of Nylon 12. The ... Cyclic oximes and haloimines yield lactams. The Beckmann rearrangement is often catalyzed by acid; however, other reagents have ...

Amides may cyclize to form lactams. Esters, which exist primarily in the trans conformation about the C-O single bond, do not ...

Soc.; 2007; 129(7) pp 1864 - 1865; (Communication) doi:10.1021/ja067703m (Quinuclidines, Lactams). ...

Like all beta-lactam antibiotics, ertapenem is bactericidal. It inhibits cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial ... "Beta lactam antibiotics". StatPearls. 2020. PMID 31424895. Cushnie TP, O'Driscoll NH, Lamb AJ (December 2016). "Morphological ... Like all carbapenem antibiotics, ertapenem has a broader spectrum of activity than other beta-lactams like penicillins and ... to other beta-lactam antibiotics in the past. Common side effects are diarrhoea (in 5% of people receiving ertapenem), nausea ( ...

One of his renowned achievements is the development of the "β-Lactam Synthon Method", which has been applied to the synthesis ... This method has been successfully applied for the practical synthesis of the Ojima lactam, a key intermediate for the ... Lactam Synthon Method". Accounts of Chemical Research. 28 (9): 383-389. doi:10.1021/ar00057a004. ISSN 0001-4842. Ojima, Iwao; ... "Asymmetric synthesis of building-blocks for peptides and peptidomimetics by means of the β-lactam synthon method". Chem. Soc. ...

Like other β-lactam antibiotics, flucloxacillin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It inhibits cross- ... It is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. It is similar in effect to cloxacillin and ... ISBN 978-1-4614-1399-8. Page MG (2012). "Beta-Lactam Antibiotics". Antibiotic Discovery and Development. pp. 79-117. doi: ... some organisms have developed resistance to it and other narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics including methicillin. Such ...