Hydroxylation
... of tyrosine residues is also very vital in living organisms because hydroxylation at C-3 of tyrosine creates 3,4 ... Hydroxylation is often the first step in the degradation of organic compounds in air. Hydroxylation is important in ... In chemistry, hydroxylation can refer to: (i) most commonly, hydroxylation describes a chemical process that introduces a ... ii) the degree of hydroxylation refers to the number of OH groups in a molecule. The pattern of hydroxylation refers to the ...
Milas hydroxylation
The Milas hydroxylation is an organic reaction converting an alkene to a vicinal diol, and was developed by Nicholas A. Milas ... In 1949, the Milas hydroxylation was applied to a study of the demethylation of N-Dimethyl-p-Amino-azobenzene, otherwise known ... Previously it was discovered that the hydroxylation of butter yellow or its demethylated derivatives exist within rats, and ... The Use of Vanadium Pentoxide and Chromium Trioxide as Catalysts of Hydroxylation". Journal of the American Chemical Society. ...
Hydroxylation of estradiol
The hydroxylation of estradiol is one of the major routes of metabolism of the estrogen steroid hormone estradiol. It is ... Whereas 4-hydroxylation constitutes the minor pathway in the liver, the greater proportion of CYP1B1 expression in extrahepatic ... Extrahepatic 2-hydroxylation is chiefly mediated by CYP1A1 and CYP3A4. 2-Hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) can experience three ... The enzyme most responsible for estradiol 4-hydroxylation is CYP1B1. In humans, CYP1B1 mRNA and protein exhibit constitutive ...
Woodward cis-hydroxylation
The Woodward cis-hydroxylation (also known as the Woodward reaction) is the chemical reaction of alkenes with iodine and silver ... Mangoni, L.; Dovinola, V. (1969). "The stereochemistry of woodward cis-hydroxylation in some steroidal olefins". Tetrahedron ... "cis-Hydroxylation of a Synthetic Steroid Intermediate with Iodine, Silver Acetate and Wet Acetic Acid". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80 (1 ...
Benzoate degradation via hydroxylation
... is an enzyme-catalyzed, bacterial chemical reaction. Benzoate is degraded aerobically ...
Heavy metals
... hydroxylation); vanadium and manganese (enzyme regulation or functioning); chromium (glucose utilisation); nickel (cell growth ...
Cortisol
I 18-hydroxylation and 18hydroxy dehydrogenation. II beta-hydroxylation". Acta Endocrinol. 69 (4): I 701-717, II 718-730. doi: ...
William D. Emmons
The Hydroxylation of Olefins". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (13): 3472-3474. doi:10.1021/ja01642a031. Freeman, Jeremiah P. (November 14 ...
Trifluoroperacetic acid
The Hydroxylation of Olefins". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (13): 3472-3474. doi:10.1021/ja01642a031. Emmons, William D.; Pagano, ... Treiber, Alexander (2002). "Mechanism of the Aromatic Hydroxylation of Thiophene by Acid-Catalyzed Peracid Oxidation". J. Org. ...
Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation
Minato, M.; Yamamoto, K.; Tsuji, J. (1990). "Osmium tetraoxide catalyzed vicinal hydroxylation of higher olefins by using ... Asymmetric catalytic oxidation Milas hydroxylation Upjohn dihydroxylation Sharpless aminohydroxylation Noe, Mark C.; Letavic, ... "Enantioselective vicinal hydroxylation of terminal and E-1,2-disubstituted olefins by a chiral complex of osmium tetroxide. An ... see the Milas hydroxylation. Drawbacks of peroxides include chemoselectivity issues. Trialkylammonium N-oxides, such as NMO-as ...
Isomigrastatin
First, hydroxylation at C-8. Second, O-methylation at OHC-8. Third, dehydration at C-17 OH. Last, C-16 and C-17 olefin is ...
Hydroxy group
Hydronium Ion Oxide Hydroxylation "Alcohols". IUPAC. Retrieved 23 March 2015. "Hydrolysis - an overview , ScienceDirect Topics ...
Peroxymonophosphoric acid
... is an effective reagent for the hydroxylation of aromatic rings. The conversion of mesitylene to ... Ogata, Yoshiro; Sawaki, Yasuhiko; Tomizawa, Kohtaro; Ohno, Takashi (1981). "Aromatic Hydroxylation with Peroxymonophosphoric ...
NNK
These enzymes catalyze hydroxylation reactions. Beside the CYP family NNK can also be activated by metabolic genes, like ... In the oxidative metabolism NNK undergoes an α-hydroxylation catalyzed by cytochrome P450. This reaction can be done by two ...
Unspecific monooxygenase
3. Enzymic hydroxylation by rat-liver microsomes". Biochem. J. 66 (1): 73-8. doi:10.1042/bj0660073. PMC 1199967. PMID 13426111 ... Role of the cytochrome P-450 and P-448 fractions in drug and steroid hydroxylations". J. Biol. Chem. 247 (6): 1727-34. PMID ... MITOMA C, POSNER HS, REITZ HC, UDENFRIEND S (1956). "Enzymatic hydroxylation of aromatic compounds". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 61 ... Evidence for several monooxygenases catalyzing omega- and omega-1-hydroxylation". J. Biol. Chem. 254 (20): 10405-14. PMID ...
Mesitol
Ogata, Yoshiro; Sawaki, Yasuhiko; Tomizawa, Kohtaro; Ohno, Takashi (1981). "Aromatic hydroxylation with peroxymonophosphoric ...
E)-Stilbene
9, p. 383 Atta-ur-Rahman; Shah, Zahir (1993). "Asymmetric Hydroxylations". Stereoselectove Synthesis in Organic Chemistry. ...
Progesterone 11alpha-monooxygenase
Shibahara M, Moody JA, Smith LL (1970). "Microbial hydroxylations. V. 11-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone by cell-free ...
Cunninghamella echinulata
Hydroxylation of biphenyl oxide has been studied in C. echinulata. Webster, John (1980). Introduction to Fungi. Cambridge: ... "Biphenyl oxide hydroxylation by Cunninghamella echinulata". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 39 (2): 428. doi: ... The presence of an active monooxygenase system allows this species to perform oxidative demethylation and hydroxylation. The ...
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase
Ortiz de Montellano PR (February 2010). "Hydrocarbon hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 enzymes". Chemical Reviews. 110 (2): 932- ... anchoring the hydroxylation site (C-24, C-25) near the catalytic center of the enzyme (5.7Å from the iron core of the heme ... molecule to allow oxyferryl intermediates to perform the cholesterol hydroxylation). A loop region, known as the B'-C loop, has ... hydroxylase HMDB Database entry RCSB Protein Data Bank Entry Review on Cholesterol-24 Hydroxylase Heme hydroxylation mechanism ...
Zvi HaCohen
1 July 1976). "Hydroxylation with ozone on silica gel. The synthesis of 1.alpha.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3". The Journal of ... During his PhD studies he developed a method for dry ozonation, which enabled regioselective hydroxylation of tertiary carbon ... Cohen, Z; Keinan, E; Mazur, Y; Varkony, T.H. (1975). "Method for stereoselective hydroxylation of saturated compounds on silica ...
Perhexiline
Sørensen, L. B., Sørensen, R. N., Miners, J. O., et al., Polymorphic hydroxylation of perhexiline in vitro. British Journal of ... The major route of perhexiline metabolism in humans is hydroxylation by microsomal CYP2D6. The two main metabolites of ...
Steviol
Then steviol is produced by hydroxylation. The steviol is subsequently glycosylated in the cytoplasm. Bridel, M.; Lavieille, R ...
NIH shift
Guroff, G.; Daly, J.W.; Jerina, D.M.; Renson, J.; Witkop, B.; Udenfriend, S. (1967). "Hydroxylation-induced migration: the NIH ... PMID 6038165.. Bassan, A.; Blomberg, M.R.A.; Siegbahn, P.E.M. (2003). "Mechanism of Aromatic Hydroxylation by an Activated FeIV ... Recent experiments reveal an unexpected and general result of enzymatic hydroxylation of aromatic compounds". Science. 157 ( ... rearrangement where a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring undergoes an intramolecular migration primarily during a hydroxylation ...
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Hydroxylation of phenylalanine by ferryl oxo intermediate. Because the mechanism involves a Fe(IV)=O (as opposed to a ... PAH) (EC 1.14.16.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the aromatic side-chain of phenylalanine to generate ... Bassan A, Blomberg MR, Siegbahn PE (September 2003). "Mechanism of aromatic hydroxylation by an activated FeIV=O core in ... Fitzpatrick PF (December 2003). "Mechanism of aromatic amino acid hydroxylation". Biochemistry. 42 (48): 14083-91. doi:10.1021/ ...
Pyrimidine-deoxynucleoside 2'-dioxygenase
Bankel L, Lindstedt G, Lindstedt S (1972). "Thymidine 2'-hydroxylation in Neurospora crassa". J. Biol. Chem. 247 (19): 6128-34 ... of two alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in extracts of Rhodotorula glutinis catalyzing deoxyuridine hydroxylation". J ...
Transition metal oxo complex
doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)81474-6. Huang, Xiongyi; Groves, John T. (2017). "Beyond Ferryl‑Mediated Hydroxylation: 40 Years of ... Ortiz de Montellano, Paul R. (2010). "Hydrocarbon Hydroxylation by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes". Chemical Reviews. 110 (2): 932-948 ...
Gliclazide
Rieutord A, Stupans I, Shenfield GM, Gross AS (December 1995). "Gliclazide hydroxylation by rat liver microsomes". Xenobiotica ...
Trimegestone
... is metabolized mainly via hydroxylation. The 1β- and 6β-hydroxy metabolites of trimegestone are progestogens with ...
Rubottom oxidation
Hydroxylation of Carbonyl Compounds via Silyl Enol Ethers". J. Org. Chem. 40 (23): 3427-3429. doi:10.1021/jo00911a027. Rubottom ... Chen, B. C.; Zhou, P.; Davis, F. A.; Ciganek, E. (2003) "α-Hydroxylation of Enolates and Silyl Enol Ethers." in Organic ... chem.harvard.edu Christoffers, J.; Baro, A.; Werner, T. (2004). "α-Hydroxylation Of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds". Adv. Synth. Catal ... these α-hydroxylations do not proceed via silyl enol ether intermediates and are therefore not technically Rubottom oxidations ...