Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique)
"Homologous Recombination Method (and Knockout Mouse)". Davidson College. Damien Biot-Pelletier; Vincent J. J. Martin (2016). " ... This method can be used to introduce a mutation or knock out a gene, for example as used in the production of knockout mice. ... Guide to Techniques in Mouse Development, Part B: Mouse Molecular Genetics, 2nd Edition. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 477 (2nd ... Homologous recombination can be used to produce specific mutation in an organism. Vector containing DNA sequence similar to the ...
Sirtuin
Furthermore, over-expression of SIRT6 can stimulate homologous recombinational repair. SIRT7 knockout mice display features of ... SIRT6 deficiency in mice leads to a degenerative aging-like phenotype. In addition, SIRT6 promotes the repair of DNA double- ... SIRT1 protein promotes homologous recombination in human cells and is involved in recombinational repair of DNA breaks. SIRT6 ... Mao Z, Tian X, Van Meter M, Ke Z, Gorbunova V, Seluanov A (July 2012). "Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) rescues the decline of homologous ...
RNF8
Male mice with a gene knockout for RNF8 have impaired spermatogenesis, apparently due to a defect in homologous recombinational ... RNF8 promotes repair of DNA damage through three DNA repair pathways: homologous recombinational repair (HRR), non-homologous ... An early step in non-homologous end joining DNA repair of a double-strand break is the slipping of a Ku protein (with its ring ... A deficiency in RNF8 predisposes mice to cancer. After the occurrence of a double-strand break in DNA, the chromatin needs to ...
Transgene
The two most common types of genetically modified mice are knockout mice and oncomice. Knockout mice are a type of mouse model ... a transgene with the desired sequence is inserted into an isolated mouse blastocyst using electroporation. Then, homologous ... "Knockout Mice". National Human Genome Research Institute. August 27, 2015. Genetically modified mouse#cite note-8 Venken, K. J ... Mouse cells were first transformed in 1979, followed by mouse embryos in 1980. Most of the very first transmutations were ...
Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens
... the cell may use the highly error prone non-homologous end joining, or homologous recombination. By designing suitable sgRNAs, ... March 2015). "Genome-wide CRISPR screen in a mouse model of tumor growth and metastasis". Cell. 160 (6): 1246-60. doi:10.1016/j ... To perform CRISPR knockouts on a genome-wide scale, collections of sgRNAs known as sgRNA libraries, or CRISPR knockout ... and the Toronto knockout (TKO) library (Addgene #1000000069) generated by the Moffat lab. Targeted gene knockout using CRISPR/ ...
DNA glycosylase
These are homologous to bacterial Nei, and their presence likely explains the mild phenotypes of the OGG1 and MYH knockout mice ... OGG1 knockout mice do not show an increased tumor incidence, but accumulate 8-oxoG in the liver as they age. A similar ... MBD4 mutant mice develop normally and do not show increased cancer susceptibility or reduced survival. But they acquire more C ... 2004). "Accumulation of the Oxidative Base Lesion 8-Hydroxyguanine in DNA of Tumor-Prone Mice Defective in Both the Myh and ...
RELA
Gene knockout of NF-κB genes via homologous recombination in mice showed the role of these components in innate and adaptive ... RELA knockout mice is embryonic lethal due to liver apoptosis. Lymphocyte activation failure is also observed, suggesting that ... Mice without individual NF-κB proteins are deficient in B- and T-cell activation and proliferation, cytokine production and ... "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Nolan GP, Ghosh S, ...
Maelstrom gene
... was created by homologous recombination in mice to create Mael null mice. In the knockout mice, meiotic chromosome synapsis is ... Soper SF, van der Heijden GW, Hardiman TC, Goodheart M, Martin SL, de Boer P, Bortvin A (2008). Mouse maelstrom, a component of ... A knockout model for MAEL, the mammalian homolog of Drosophila's Maelstrom, ...
Reverse genetics
... mice and moss. Unique among plants, in Physcomitrella patens, gene knockout via homologous recombination to create knockout ... Manis JP (December 2007). "Knock out, knock in, knock down--genetically manipulated mice and the Nobel Prize". The New England ... in contrast to gene knockouts which are permanent.[citation needed] RNAi creates a specific knockout effect without actually ... For example, deletion of a gene by gene targeting (gene knockout) can be done in some organisms, such as yeast, ...
Alpha-synuclein
Knock-out mice with the targeted inactivation of the expression of alpha-synuclein show impaired spatial learning and working ... Alpha-synuclein promotes the DSB repair pathway referred to as non-homologous end joining. The DNA repair function of alpha- ... In addition, alpha-synuclein knockout mice display a higher level of DSBs, and this problem can be alleviated by transgenic ... Kokhan VS, Afanasyeva MA, Van'kin GI (May 2012). "α-Synuclein knockout mice have cognitive impairments". Behavioural Brain ...
Knockout moss
This is a prerequisite for being efficiently integrated via homologous recombination (HR). Basically, a knockout mouse is ... A knockout moss is one kind of genetically modified moss, which are GM plants. One or more of the moss's specific genes are ... Knockout mosses are relevant for basic research in biology as well as in biotechnology. The targeted deletion or alteration of ... After the deletion of a gene, the knockout moss has lost the trait encoded by this gene. Thus, the function of this gene can be ...
Cyclin D2
Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell ... "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Inaba T, Matsushime ...
SIM2
Scientists can purposefully "knockout" or cause the gene to be disrupted. To do this, they perform homologous recombination and ... In a mouse specimen, when SIM2s was not expressed in mammary epithelial cells there were development defects leading to cancer- ... Meng, X; Shi, J; Peng, B; Zou, X; Zhang, C (2006). "Effect of mouse Sim2 gene on the cell cycle of PC12 cell". Cell Biology ... "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Muenke M, Bone LJ, ...
Homologous recombination
The gene targeting method in knockout mice uses mouse embryonic stem cells to deliver artificial genetic material (mostly of ... Animations - homologous recombination: Animations showing several models of homologous recombination Homologous recombination: ... which represses the target gene of the mouse by the principle of homologous recombination. The mouse thereby acts as a working ... unlike homologous recombination, does not require a long homologous sequence to guide repair. Whether homologous recombination ...
BMI1
... knockout in mice results in defects in hematopoiesis, skeletal patterning, neurological functions, and development of the ... Loss of BMI1 leads to radiation sensitive and impaired repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. Bmi1 is ... Given that phenotypic changes in Bmi1 knockout mice are numerous and that Bmi1 has very broad tissue distribution, it is ... The colon cancer stem cells in mouse xenografts could be eliminated by inhibiting BMI-1 gene, providing a novel potential ...
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
... for introducing homologous recombination in mice, employing embryonic stem cells through the development of the knockout mouse ...
List of atheists in science and technology
... and the technique behind gene targeting and knockout mice. George Smoot (1945-): American astrophysicist and cosmologist who ... of the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA, a much more reliable method of altering animal ...
Rad50
Gene knockout studies of the mouse homolog of Rad50 suggest it is essential for cell growth and viability. Two alternatively ... MRN complex Homologous recombination Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000113522 - Ensembl, May 2017 ... "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Entrez Gene: RAD50 ... White MF (January 2011). "Homologous recombination in the archaea: the means justify the ends". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 39 (1): 15 ...
Knockout mouse
... community model organism database for the laboratory mouse Homologous Recombination Method (and Knockout Mouse) Knockout Mice ... A knockout mouse, or knock-out mouse, is a genetically modified mouse (Mus musculus) in which researchers have inactivated, or ... The website for ordering ES cells and mice generated by TIGM Creating Knockout Mice for Targeting Vector from Knockout Mice ... Millions of knockout mice are used in experiments each year. There are several thousand different strains of knockout mice. ...
Oliver Smithies
... and the technique behind gene targeting and knockout mice. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2007 for ... a method of replacing single mouse genes using homologous recombination. Mario Capecchi also developed the technique ... In 2002, Smithies worked with his wife, Nobuyo Maeda, studying high blood pressure using genetically altered mice. Smithies won ... While at the University of Wisconsin in the 1980s, Smithies developed gene targeting in mice, ...
Pisiform bone
Studies looking at the effect of Hox gene knockouts on the formation of the pisiform in mice have suggested that the ... or it is the primary center that fails to form in humans and as a result our pisiform is homologous to the epiphysis of other ...
Conditional gene knockout
... www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Knockout-Mice-Fact-Sheet 10. Lloyd K. C. (2011). A knockout mouse resource for the ... There are two main strategies to conditional gene knockout and those are gene targeting or homologous recombination and gene ... mice bred in the laboratory. Conditional gene knockouts in mice are often used to study human diseases because many genes ... The knockout mouse project. Nature genetics, 36(9), 921-924. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0904-921 9. Knockout Mice Fact Sheet. (n ...
MDC1
Knock out MDC1 mice cells and silenced human cells were radiosensitive, failed to initiate Intra-S phase and G2/M checkpoints, ... This domain plays a role in DNA repair by both homologous recombination and by Non-homologous end joining, however the ... Knockout studies in mice have shown an increase in tumor development when MDC1 is lost. Reduction in MDC1 protein levels has ... Inhibition or loss of MDC1 protein through studies with siRNA on human cells or knockout studies in mice have shown several ...
FOXP2
Knockout mice with only one functional copy of the FOXP2 gene have significantly reduced vocalizations as pups. Knockout mice ... The human allele of the FOXP2 gene was transferred into the mouse embryos through homologous recombination to create humanized ... In comparison to knockout mice with one non-functional copy of FOXP2, the humanized mouse model showed opposite effects when ... Male mice on encountering female mice produce complex ultrasonic vocalisations that have characteristics of song. Mice that ...
Gene knockout
Mario Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, and Oliver Smithies performed groundbreaking research on homologous recombination in mouse ... By using this technique to target particular alleles in embryonic stem cells in mice, it is possible to create knockout mice. ... That method has since been developed for other organisms, particularly research animals, like mice. Knockout mice are commonly ... and mice. In mice, gene knockouts are commonly used to study the function of specific genes in development, physiology, and ...
DCLRE1B
Using an SNM1B/Apollo knockout mouse model, evidence was obtained that SNM1B/Apollo protein is required to protect telomeres ... against illegitimate non-homologous end joining that can result in genomic instability and consequently in multi-organ ... "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Entrez Gene: ... 2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ...
Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Sakaguchi AY, ... non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), alt-NHEJ, C-NHEJ, 5' resection, and homology directed repair (HDR). These repair pathways ( ... in the presence of P53 knockout and Cre) often contribute to the phenotype where chromosome ends are connected to each other in ... Conditional deletion of TERF2 in mice cells effectively removes the shelterin nucleoprotein complex. As a result of removing ...
HMGA2
A gene knock-out study of the mouse counterpart demonstrated that this gene is involved in diet-induced obesity. Alternate ... Homologous proteins with highly conserved sequences are found in other mammalian species, including lab mice (Mus musculus). ... The same mutations that lead to pituitary adenomas in mice can be found in similar cancers in humans. Its presence is ... ERCC1 protein expression was also reduced in a diet-related mouse model of colon cancer. As indicated in the ERCC1 article, ...
RAD9A
In conditional knockout mouse models, the loss of Rad9a in the testis results in persistence of DNA double-strand breaks during ... These complexes promote synapsis of homologous chromosomes, repair of double-strand breaks and ATR signalling during meiosis. ... "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Lieberman HB, ... and homologous recombination (HR) Normally, cells possess many checkpoints and repair mechanisms to fix the DNA and regain ...
SOX12
... -null knockout mice appear normal, unlike Sox4 or Sox11 knockout mice. This probably comes from functional redundancy with ... homologous to the HMG box of sex-determining region Y (SRY). Forming a subgroup of the HMG domain superfamily, SOX proteins ... "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Jay P, Sahly I, ... Sox12 is a weaker activator than both Sox4 and Sox11 in mouse. Members of the SOX family of transcription factors are ...