Hepatitis B vaccine Nucleoside analogues Oncovirus (cancer virus) Ryu W (2017). Molecular Virology of Human Pathogenic Viruses ... Co-infection of hepatitis B and various other viruses can also occur. hepatitis C, hepatitis D (a satellite virus of hepatitis ... Hepatitis B virus causes the disease hepatitis B. Hepatitis is considered to be the leading cause of liver cancer worldwide ( ... The distinction between hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus was not determined until 1947 when they were recognized as ...

... an innate antiviral agent suppressing hepatitis C virus in human hepatocytes". Hepatology. 54 (5): 1570-9. doi:10.1002/hep. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hepatitis C virus. Wikispecies has information related to Hepatitis C virus. Academic ... disease Cancer virus Discovery and development of NS5A inhibitors HCV IRES Hepatitis C virus stem-loop VII Hepatitis C virus 3′ ... positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. The hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some ...

Karayiannis P, Thomas HC (2009). Mahy BW, van Regenmortel MH (eds.). Desk Encyclopedia of Human and Medical Virology. Boston: ... A precore mutant is a variety of hepatitis B virus that does not produce hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg). These mutants are ... ISBN 978-0-12-375147-8. Wei Y, Neuveut C, Tiollais P, Buendia MA (August 2010). "Molecular biology of the hepatitis B virus and ... Buti M, Rodriguez-Frias F, Jardi R, Esteban R (December 2005). "Hepatitis B virus genome variability and disease progression: ...

"Functional characterization of the interaction between human La and hepatitis B virus RNA". The Journal of Biological Chemistry ... Hepatitis B virus PRE 1151-1410 (HBV post-transcriptional regulatory element, nucleotides 1151-1410) is a part of 500 base pair ... Heise T, Sommer G, Reumann K, Meyer I, Will H, Schaal H (2006). "The hepatitis B virus PRE contains a splicing regulatory ... Huang J, Liang TJ (December 1993). "A novel hepatitis B virus (HBV) genetic element with Rev response element-like properties ...

"Amantadine inhibits hepatitis A virus internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translation in human hepatoma cells". Biochemical ... nontranslated region of hepatitis A virus RNA: comparison with the IRES of encephalomyocarditis virus". Journal of Virology. 68 ... Page for Hepatitis A virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) at Rfam (GO template errors, Cis-regulatory RNA elements, ... This family represents the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the hepatitis A virus. HAV IRES is a 450 nucleotide long ...

... a non-coding RNA found in the hepatitis delta virus that is necessary for viral replication and is the only known human virus ... Modahl LE, Lai MM (July 1998). "Transcription of hepatitis delta antigen mRNA continues throughout hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ... "Characterization of self-cleaving RNA sequences on the genome and antigenome of human hepatitis delta virus". Journal of ... Page for Hepatitis delta virus ribozyme at Rfam Subviral RNA database entry for HDV ribozyme (Articles to be expanded from May ...

WMHBV is also of great interest to researchers because of its potential to teach us more about the human hepatitis B virus (HBV ... Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus, like other hepatitis B viruses, is transmitted through bodily fluids, and from a mother to her ... Although WMHBV is considerably divergent from the human hepatitis B virus (HBV), they share the same genetic organization. The ... WMHBV, like other hepatitis viruses, infects the hepatocytes, or liver cells, of its host organism. It can cause hepatitis, ...

... is a partially double-stranded DNA virus that is closely related to human Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Woodchuck hepatitis virus ... Characterization of the protein kinase reaction associated with ground squirrel hepatitis virus and hepatitis B virus". Journal ... "A virus in Beechey ground squirrels that is related to hepatitis B virus of humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... "Core particles of hepatitis B virus and ground squirrel hepatitis virus. II. ...

... this has led to the use of WHV in woodchucks as a model for human Hepatitis B virus infections. Tyler, Gail V.; Summers, Jesse ... Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus. It was first discovered in 1977 in a captive ... Tennant, W. C. (1999). "The Woodchuck Model of Hepatitis B Virus Infection". Handbook of animal models of infection: ... "Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus in Natural Woodchuck Populations". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 12 (2): 297-301. doi:10.7589/0090- ...

... "orphan virus" with no causal links to any human disease. Uchida, T. (1993). "Genetic Variations of the Hepatitis B Virus and ... A subsequently-discovered virus thought to cause hepatitis was named Hepatitis G, though its role in hepatitis has not been ... Hepatitis F is a hypothetical virus linked to viral hepatitis. Several hepatitis F candidates emerged in the 1990s; however, ... and the virus was named hepatitis F or Toga virus. Further investigations failed to confirm the existence of the virus, and it ...

... human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common oncoviruses. In the United ... hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (hepatocellular carcinoma), and Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (T-cell leukemias). In ... Individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus infection are more than 200 times more likely to develop liver cancer than ... A virus that can cause cancer is called an oncovirus. These include human papillomavirus (cervical carcinoma), Epstein-Barr ...

Hepatitis B virus surface antigens have not been detected. Hep G2 will respond to stimulation with human growth hormone.[ ... Sigma Aldrich Sales Page for Hep G2 ATCC Sales Page for Hep G2 Cellosaurus entry for Hep G2 Hep G2 is a hepatoblastoma-derived ... Hep G2 (or HepG2) is a human liver cancer cell line. Hep G2 is an immortal cell line which was derived in 1975 from the liver ... citation needed] Hep G2 cells are a suitable in vitro model system for the study of polarized human hepatocytes. Another well- ...

... human hepatitis b virus immune globulin injection". DailyMed. 16 April 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020. "Nabi-HB (hepatitis b ... Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) is a human immunoglobulin that is used to prevent the development of hepatitis B and is used ... HBIG should be given within 14 days of exposure to the hepatitis B virus. The half-life of HBIG is about 3 weeks. In lieu of a ... "HepaGam B (hepatitis b immune globulin intravenous- human injection". DailyMed. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2020. " ...

Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encased in lipid bilayers, and they infect their target cells by causing ... Stuart, David I.; Ren, Jingshan; Wang, Xiangxi; Rao, Zihe; Fry, Elizabeth E. (May 2019). "Hepatitis A Virus Capsid Structure". ... One of the main parts of human pathogenic viruses is glycoprotein. They have been shown to play significant roles in immunity ... To create potentially protective vaccines for human pathogenic enveloped viruses for which there is currently no vaccine, it is ...

Prier, J. E. (1962). "Canine Hepatitis Virus and Human Adenovirus". Public Health Reports. 77 (4): 290-292. doi:10.2307/4591472 ... Kapsenberg, J. G. (1 August 1959). "Relationship of Infectious Canine Hepatitis Virus to Human Adenovirus". Experimental ... Furmikger, I. G. S. (May 1964). "Relationship between Adenoviruses and Canine Hepatitis Virus". Nature. 202 (4933): 728-729. ... Human Viruses: Diseases, Treatments and Vaccines: The New Insights. Springer. pp. 477-502. ISBN 978-3-030-71164-1. Fenner, ...

... of hepatitis B virus recovered from Japanese patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1". Journal of Medical ... Hepatitis B was originally known as "serum hepatitis". Acute infection with hepatitis B virus is associated with acute viral ... Watashi K, Wakita T (August 2015). "Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis D Virus Entry, Species Specificity, and Tissue Tropism". ... Schaefer S (January 2007). "Hepatitis B virus taxonomy and hepatitis B virus genotypes". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 13 ...

Viruses like hepatitis A, rotavirus, coronavirus, enteroviruses; Protozoa like Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, ... There was no treatment, so the breakdown of the human waste was left to the ecosystem. This could lead to satisfactory results ... The following four types of pathogens are found in sewage: pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa (in the form of cysts or ... Water portal Fecal sludge management History of water supply and sanitation Reuse of human excreta Urban Waste Water Treatment ...

Pathogenic examples include human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, respectively. Both encode large multifunctional ... Seeger C, Mason WS (May 2015). "Molecular biology of hepatitis B virus infection". Virology. 479-480: 672-86. doi:10.1016/j. ... The human genome encodes both H1 and H2. Human ribonuclease H2 is a heterotrimeric complex composed of three subunits, ... "A non-PCR SPR platform using RNase H to detect MicroRNA 29a-3p from throat swabs of human subjects with influenza A virus H1N1 ...

... reference to Hepatitis B the primary human member) DNA virus. "Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release". International Committee on ... the first known hepatitis with a viral etiological agent was Hepatitis A, in the picornaviridae family. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV ... This is true not only of the human pathogen Hepatitis B Virus but also the hepadnaviruses that infect other organisms. The " ... Its best-known member is hepatitis B virus. Diseases associated with this family include: liver infections, such as hepatitis, ...

The causative virus was identified as mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), later renamed Murine coronavirus. In 1961, a virus was ... The human viruses showed the same fundamental structures with that of a chicken virus (IBV). Almeida and Tyrrell published ... They named the virus as "mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)." Gledhill called the experiments on the highly infectious nature of the ... It was so identical to IBV that they called the human viruses as "IBV-like viruses". They made a definitive description as: All ...

... could cause hepatitis B re-activation in people co-infected with hepatitis B and C viruses. The European Medicines ... Daclatasvir reaches steady state in human subjects after about 4 days of once-daily 60 mg oral administration, with a peak dose ... Bishé B, Syed G, Siddiqui A (October 2012). "Phosphoinositides in the hepatitis C virus life cycle". Viruses. 4 (10): 2340-58. ... Alvisi G, Madan V, Bartenschlager R (2011). "Hepatitis C virus and host cell lipids: an intimate connection". RNA Biology. 8 (2 ...

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), is a ... March 2017). "Tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are negatively regulated by PD-1 and Tim-3 in human gastric cancer". Cellular ... "Entrez Gene: HAVCR2 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2". Hastings WD, Anderson DE, Kassam N, Koguchi K, Greenfield EA, Kent ... September 2009). "TIM-3 is expressed on activated human CD4+ T cells and regulates Th1 and Th17 cytokines". European Journal of ...

Yin P, Hong Z, Yang X, Chung RT, Zhang L (February 2016). "A role for retromer in hepatitis C virus replication". Cellular and ... Retromer is a heteropentameric complex, which in humans is composed of a less defined membrane-associated sorting nexin dimer ( ... sorting defects in Alzheimer's disease and late-onset Parkinson disease Retromer also seems to play a role in Hepatitis C Virus ... The retromer complex is highly conserved: homologs have been found in C. elegans, mouse and human. The retromer complex ...

Sheldon, J.; Soriano, V. (2008-02-04). "Hepatitis B virus escape mutants induced by antiviral therapy". Journal of ... "Hepatitis B vaccination". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 11 (1): 53-57. doi:10.4161/hv.34306. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 4514213 ... "Vaccine-induced escape mutant of hepatitis B virus". The Lancet. 336 (8711): 325-329. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91874-a. ISSN ... infectious bursal disease virus, Neisseria meningitidis, Newcastle disease virus, and porcine circovirus type 2. Kennedy, David ...

... virus has provided a basis for the use of vaccines and prophylactic treatments for individuals at high risk of human Hepatitis ... Duck hepatitis B virus, abbreviated DHBV, is part of the genus Avihepadnavirus of the Hepadnaviridae, and is the causal agent ... Cooper A, Paran N, Shaul Y (2003-07-11). "The earliest steps in hepatitis B virus infection". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta ( ... Jilbert AR, Kotlarski I (March-April 2000). "Immune responses to duck hepatitis B virus infection". Developmental and ...

"Direct interaction between α-actinin and hepatitis C virus NS5B". FEBS Letters. 554 (3): 289-94. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03) ... Hydroxyacid oxidase (glycolate oxidase) 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAO1 gene. This gene is one of three ... Bourhis JM, Vignaud C, Pietrancosta N, Guéritte F, Guénard D, Lederer F, Lindqvist Y (2009). "Structure of human glycolate ... Williams E, Cregeen D, Rumsby G (2000). "Identification and expression of a cDNA for human glycolate oxidase". Biochimica et ...

... (GBV-C), formerly known as hepatitis G virus (HGV) and also known as human pegivirus - HPgV is a virus in the family ... Hepatitis G virus and GB virus C (GBV-C) are RNA viruses that were independently identified in 1995, and were subsequently ... GB-C virus does not appear to encode a C (core or nucleocapsid) protein like, for instance, hepatitis C virus. Nevertheless, ... June 1995). "Isolation of Novel Virus-like Sequences Associated with Human Hepatitis". Nat. Med. 1 (6): 564-9. doi:10.1038/ ...

Zheng H, Fu TB, Lazinski D, Taylor J (August 1992). "Editing on the genomic RNA of human hepatitis delta virus". Journal of ... Viruses (i.e., measles, mumps, or parainfluenza), especially viruses that have an RNA genome, have been shown to have evolved ... "Dynamics of Human and Viral RNA Methylation during Zika Virus Infection". Cell Host & Microbe. 20 (5): 666-673. doi:10.1016/j. ... An example of C-to-U editing is with the apolipoprotein B gene in humans. Apo B100 is expressed in the liver and apo B48 is ...

"Hepatitis C virus replication in mice with chimeric human livers". Nature Medicine. 7 (8): 927-933. doi:10.1038/90968. PMID ... This treatment enabled the use of liver transplants for persons infected with Hepatitis B. In collaboration with Norman Miles ... Tyrrell's research into viral hepatitis lead to the development of the oral antiviral drug lamivudine. ... and his team contributed to the development of a mouse with a humanized liver to be used for testing drugs to treat Hepatitis C ...

"Hepatitis B virus DNA is subject to extensive editing by the human deaminase APOBEC3C". Hepatology. 46 (3): 682-9. doi:10.1002/ ... "Vif Proteins from Diverse Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Lineages Have Distinct Binding Sites in ... Li D, Liu J, Kang F, Guan W, Gao X, Wang Y, Sun D (October 2011). "Core-APOBEC3C chimerical protein inhibits hepatitis B virus ... Köck J, Blum HE (May 2008). "Hypermutation of hepatitis B virus genomes by APOBEC3G, APOBEC3C and APOBEC3H". The Journal of ...