CTXφ infects some strains of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera. It carries the genes for cholera toxin (CTX), ... While integrated into the bacterial genome, CTX prophages are found on each of the two chromosomes (in the O1 serogroup of V. ... Heilpern, Andrew J.; Waldor, Matthew K. (2000). "CTXφ Infection of Vibrio cholerae Requires the tolQRA Gene Products". Journal ... which makes cholera especially virulent. It can carry genes from one V. cholerae strain to another. CTXφ is generally present ...

Many other serogroups of V. cholerae, with or without the cholera toxin gene (including the nontoxigenic strains of the O1 and ... CTXφ can transmit cholera toxin genes from one V. cholerae strain to another, one form of horizontal gene transfer. The genes ... Copepods and cholera in untreated water Vibrio cholerae El Tor N16961 Genome Page [hmepage] Type strain of Vibrio cholerae at ... NCBI: Vibrio cholerae O1 (serogroup) NCBI: Vibrio cholerae O139 (serogroup) Harris, Jason B.; LaRocque, Regina C.; Qadri, ...

Mekalanos JJ (1983). "Duplication and amplification of toxin genes in Vibrio cholerae". Cell. 35 (1): 253-63. doi:10.1016/0092- ... was focused on studying the genetic and biochemical analysis of the cholera toxin secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ... a system initially found to be capable of conferring increased virulence in non-O1/non-O139 strain strains of V. cholerae, ... "Genetic mapping of toxin regulatory mutations in Vibrio cholerae". J Bacteriol. 139 (3): 859-65. doi:10.1128/jb.139.3.859- ...

Examples of toxins encoded by phage genes: Cholera toxins: encoded by CTX phages, virulent Vibrio cholerae strains require ... Finkelstein, Richard A. (1996), Baron, Samuel (ed.), "Cholera, Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and Other Pathogenic Vibrios", ... Alpha toxin Anthrax toxin Dinotoxin Cyanotoxin Diphtheria toxin Exotoxin Pertussis toxin Shiga toxin Shiga-like toxin K R ... Toxin A and toxin B are two toxins produced by Clostridium difficile. Toxin A and toxin B are glycosyltransferases that cause ...

Rasheduzzaman; Desai, Ishaan (2014-02-06). "Evaluation in Mice of a Conjugate Vaccine for Cholera Made from Vibrio cholerae O1 ... cholerae O1 Inaba and Recombinant Fragment of Tetanus Toxin Heavy Chain (OSP:rTTHc) Induces Serum, Memory and Lamina Proprial ... gene expression) analysis of a bacterial pathogen directly in the bloodstream of an infected human; work that was performed in ... to the O-Specific Polysaccharide and Lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladeshi Adult Patients with Cholera". ...

... of polymerase chain reaction-generated amplicons to identify three types of cholera toxin subunit B in Vibrio cholerae O1 ... DNA sequencing may be used to determine the sequence of individual genes, larger genetic regions (i.e. clusters of genes or ... Min Jou W, Haegeman G, Ysebaert M, Fiers W (May 1972). "Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the bacteriophage MS2 coat ... The major landmark of RNA sequencing is the sequence of the first complete gene and the complete genome of Bacteriophage MS2, ...

The gene encoding the cholera toxin was introduced into V. cholerae by horizontal gene transfer. Virulent strains of V. ... In 2017, an outbreak of cholera was declared in Zambia after laboratory confirmation of Vibrio cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, ... If an epidemic of cholera is suspected, the most common causative agent is V. cholerae O1. If V. cholerae serogroup O1 is not ... Society and Politics in the Cholera Years, 1830-1910. London 1987 "Cholera - Vibrio cholerae infection , Cholera , CDC". www. ...

In Vibrio cholerae T6SS studies, it has been observed that serotype O37 has high vas gene expression. Serotypes O139 and O1 on ... While often reported that the T6SS was discovered in 2006 by researchers studying the causative agent of cholera, Vibrio ... These substrates are often modular proteins, such as the Rhs toxins, that possess PAAR domain for interaction with VgrG at one ... The T6SS of Vibrio cholerae has a dual role, being able to target both bacterial and eukaryotic cells. At least one substrate ...