Anthraquinone glycosides are found in medicinal plants such as rhubarb, cascara, and Alexandrian senna. Plant-based laxatives ... It discovered that the species used traditionally to treat the same types of condition belonged to the same groups of plants in ... Senna alexandrina, containing anthraquinone glycosides, has been used as a laxative for millennia. The foxglove, Digitalis ... The plant was used on heart conditions long before the glycoside was identified. Digoxin is used to treat atrial fibrillation, ...

Anthraquinone glycosides are found in senna, rhubarb, and Aloe. The cardiac glycosides are phytochemicals from plants including ... The plant was used to treat heart conditions long before the glycoside was identified. Digoxin is used to treat atrial ... Senna alexandrina, containing anthraquinone glycosides, has been used as a laxative for millennia. The foxglove, Digitalis ... "Laxative potency and acute toxicity of some anthraquinone derivatives, senna extracts and fractions of senna extracts". ...

... under strongly alkaline conditions at 220-235 °C, intermediate stage 3 is obtained in two steps, which is cyclized ... Anthraquinone dyes are an abundant group of dyes comprising a anthraquinone unit as the shared structural element. ... The synthesis of most anthraquinone dyes is based on anthraquinone sulfonic acid (2) or nitroanthraquinone (3), which is ... The first anthraquinone-based synthetic vat dye was indanthrone (C.I. Vat Blue 4) - the synthesis of which was developed by ...

... is a vat dye, yellow in appearance under some conditions used in cloth dyeing. Its synonyms are flavanthrone and ... Anthraquinone dyes, Vat dyes, Nitrogen heterocycles, All stub articles, Chemical compound stubs). ... Indofast Yellow, and it is in the class of anthraquinone-type compounds.[better source needed] Hunger, K.; Herbst, W. (2012). " ...

... a result of its frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ... The results showed the lichen to have an impressive ability to survive under these conditions. Three Teloschistaceae species ... The distribution of anthraquinones varies, from being dispersed across the organism's surface to localized regions. Analysis ... In a 1970 publication, Johan Santesson surveyed 230 Caloplaca species for anthraquinones as part of a phytochemical study of ...

These enzymes use both molecular oxygen and two NADPH's to dehydrate one of the hydroxyl groups on the anthraquinone and open ... Dermal exposure to this aflatoxin in particular environmental conditions can lead to major health risks. The liver is the most ... Unlike many mold species, Aspergillus flavus prefers hot and dry conditions. Its optimal growth at 37 °C (99 °F) contributes to ... The PKS folds the polyketide in a particular way to induce cyclization to form the anthraquinone norsolorinic acid. A reductase ...

These lichens can be found in sunlit conditions from coast to alpine zones, with some species such as P. helygeoides growing on ... It is characterised by the complete absence of anthraquinones and the presence of Sedifolia-gray pigments in both the thallus ... fusca). These taxa all grow on calcareous outcrops, lack anthraquinones, and have Sedifolia‐gray both in their thallus and ... Pyrenodesmia sensu stricto includes species that lack anthraquinones and possess Sedifolia-gray, while Pyrenodesmia sensu lato ...

... but also degrades hydroxyl-free anthraquinone (many dyes are derived from anthraquinone compounds). Crystal structures of DyP ... and the ability to function well under much lower pH conditions compared with the other plant peroxidases. In terms of ...

It is used as a powder-and-solvent injection kit for the treatment of Dupuytren's contracture, a condition where the fingers ... quinolones and anthraquinone derivatives, could reduce the efficacy of the collagenases, but no clinical evidence for such an ... It is the first approved nonsurgical treatment for this condition. In a case of Dupuytren's contracture, collagen accumulates ... "FDA Approves Xiaflex for Debilitating Hand Condition". Food and Drug Administration. February 2, 2010. Archived from the ...

It tolerates drought and dry conditions, but not much cold. The flowers in racemes are also attractive. The plant has been ... leaves and bark yield anthraquinones, while the latter contains tannins. The root is used in decoctions against fevers, ...

In alkaline conditions, quinones undergo a reversible single-step, two-electron reduction. In neutral conditions, quinones may ... 9,10-Anthraquinone-2,7-disulphonic acid (AQDS) a quinone similar to one found naturally in rhubarb has been used as a charge ... Alizarin (1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone), extracted from the madder plant, was the first natural dye to be synthesized from ... 1,2-Benzoquinone 1,4-Benzoquinone 1,4-Naphthoquinone 9,10-Anthraquinone The term quinone is also used more generally for a ...

Hydrogen peroxide is produced industrially by the anthraquinone process which involves using 2-alkyl-9,10-anthraquinones for ... and reaction conditions. Some suggested solvent mixtures are polyalkylated benzenes and alkyl phosphates or tetraalkyl ureas, ... Many derivatives of anthraquinone are used but 2-ethylanthraquinone is common because of its high selectivity. The ... 2-Ethylanthraquinone is an organic compound that is a derivative of anthraquinone. This pale yellow solid is used in the ...

Species are characterized by a white or gray thallus and the presence of anthraquinones in the apothecial disc and true exciple ... which grow on limestone and base-rich siliceous outcrops in sunlit conditions, mostly from sea coasts to the mid-altitudinal ... In some species, two chemotypes are known within the same species-with red-coloured apothecia (with anthraquinones) and rarer ... The epihymenium and upper part of the true exciple usually contain anthraquinones, such as non-chlorinated parietin or ...

Dynemicin and its relatives are characterized by the presence of an anthraquinone and enediyne core. The anthraquinone ... Tirapazamine generates a free radical under anoxic conditions instead of the trigger mechanism of an enediyne. The free radical ... Additionally, part of the molecule is known as the "trigger" which, under specific physiological conditions, activates the ...

These glycosides contain an aglycone group that is a derivative of anthraquinone. They have a laxative effect. They are mainly ... Storing them in inactive forms in the vacuole prevents them from damaging the plant under normal conditions. Along with playing ... Anthron and anthranol are reduced forms of anthraquinone. Here, the aglycone is coumarin or a derivative. An example is apterin ... and many triterpene-glycosides are amphipolar under certain conditions, acting as a surfactant. More modern uses of saponins in ...

Generally, when used for skin conditions, the powder is mixed into a zinc or petrolatum ointment, paste, or cream base to ... a dioxy-methyl anthraquinone) and glucose. This strikes a blood-red color in alkaline solutions, and may therefore cause much ...

The condition can develop after just a few months of laxative use. However, other causes are identified, including an increase ... and commonly anthraquinone containing laxatives such as senna, aloe vera, and other plant glycosides. The anthranoid laxatives ... The condition is unrelated to true melanoses, such as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and smoker's melanosis. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome ...

2002). Anthraquinone is a secondary repellent that has a laxative effect that is not instantaneous. Because of this it is most ... Pyrotechnics are a potential fire hazard and must be deployed judiciously in dry conditions (Commander, Naval Installations ... They are methyl anthranilate and anthraquinone. Methyl anthranilate is a primary repellent that produces an immediate ... aircrew being able to access the current bird hazard conditions at www.usahas.com. AHAS will provide relative risk assessments ...

The anthraquinones emodin, parietin (physcion) and questin, the flavonoid kaempferol-3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside, the phytosterols β ... It has been used as a remedy to treat itchy skin conditions and pulmonary diseases. 17th-century herbalist John Gerard ...

de Vera JP, Horneck G, Rettberg P, Ott S (2004). "The potential of the lichen symbiosis to cope with the extreme conditions of ... Various anthraquinone compounds have been identified in R. elegans, including allacinal, physcion, teloschistin, xanthorin, and ... 37 (3): 72-3. Steglich W, Losel W, Reininger W (1967). "Xanthorin, an anthraquinone pigment from Xanthoria elegans". ... doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)89589-7. Steglich W, Reininge W (1969). "Erythroglaucin and other anthraquinone pigments from ...

Anthraquinone dyes, derivates of anthraquinone Arylmethane dyes Category:Diarylmethane dyes, based on diphenyl methane Category ... With suitable adjustment of dyebath conditions the two components react to produce the required insoluble azo dye. This ... Many are azo dyes, although anthraquinone and triphenylmethane compounds are used for colors such as green and blue. Some ...

Chemical usage is not only for imparting properties to paper but to handle the water cycles in the process, conditioning of ... and soda pulping which is the least ecologically hazardous utilizing sodium hydroxide or anthraquinone. Caustic soda is added ... are chemicals that improve paper strength normal conditions. These improve the paper's compression strength, bursting strength ...

Anthraquinones, chrysophanol derivatives among them, have been shown to be hepatotoxic. They can cause apoptosis in normal ... Chrysophanol can also improve the condition of renal interstitial fibrosis. Chrysophanol has also been used to inhibit T-Cell ... Chrysophanol, also known as chrysophanic acid, is a fungal isolate and a natural anthraquinone. It is a C-3 methyl substituted ... Seo EJ, Ngoc TM, Lee SM, Kim YS, Jung YS (2012). "Chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside, an anthraquinone derivative in rhubarb, has ...

Anthraquinone appears yellowish in appearance, and like other pigment molecules, it is regularly produced by A. versicolor. ... Colonies vary greatly in colour, growth rate, and surface characteristics depending upon growth conditions. By contrast, ... Other extracted compounds that are cytotoxic towards cancer cells include xanthones, fellutamides, and anthraquinones. ... versicolor under optimal conditions (e.g. aW of 1). Not many spores are produced by A. versicolor, so it is suspected that ...

The anthraquinone process, which is still used, was developed during the 1930s by the German chemical manufacturer IG Farben in ... Sulfite (SO2−3) is oxidized to sulfate (SO2−4). Under alkaline conditions, hydrogen peroxide is a reductant. When H2O2 acts as ... The net reaction for the anthraquinone-catalyzed process is : H2 + O2 → H2O2 The economics of the process depend heavily on ... It begins with the reduction of an anthraquinone (such as 2-ethylanthraquinone or the 2-amyl derivative) to the corresponding ...

... is an anthraquinone glycosyl, meaning that its anthraquinone skeleton has been modified by the addition of a sugar ... and have not been proven effective for any disease or condition when taken orally. Once ingested, aloin increases peristaltic ... Anthraquinones are a common family of naturally occurring yellow, orange, and red pigments of which many have cathartic ... Plant-derived remedies containing aloin and other anthraquinones have been used as traditional medicines since antiquity, but ...

Low humidity from air conditioning was found to be the most common cause of physical irritant contact dermatitis. To the lay ... The sap of these plants contains a number of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, anthraquinones, and (in the case of plant bulbs) ... Taylor JS, Amado A. "Contact Dermatitis and Related Conditions". The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Archived from the original on ...

At pH neutral conditions, organic and organometallic molecules are more stable than at corrosive acidic and alkaline conditions ... Volumetric energy density was over 20 Wh/L. Anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid on the negative ... The ligands can be chelates like EDTA, and can enable the electrolyte to be in neutral or alkaline conditions under which metal ... Another quinone 9,10-Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (AQDS), has been evaluated. AQDS undergoes rapid, reversible two- ...

A fine powder of aluminium metal reacts explosively on contact with liquid oxygen; under normal conditions, however, aluminium ... Aluminium trichloride has major industrial uses involving this reaction, such as in the manufacture of anthraquinones and ... at these conditions) is a metal. This crystal system is shared by many other metals, such as lead and copper; the size of a ... Bauxite occurs as a weathering product of low iron and silica bedrock in tropical climatic conditions. In 2017, most bauxite ...

Young fruits are green but turn golden-yellow or yellow (and rarely orangish-red) as they ripen, climatic conditions do not ... Further classes of chemical compounds found in X. americana includes alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids ... The seed oil is marketed as a treatment for dry skin conditions, in moisturisers, emollients, and anti-ageing and anti-acne ...