The interior of Saturn may include frozen ammonia crystals. It is found on Deimos and Phobos - the two moons of Mars. Ammonia ... Industrial ammonia is sold either as ammonia liquor (usually 28% ammonia in water) or as pressurized or refrigerated anhydrous ... "Green ammonia , Royal Society". royalsociety.org. Ammonia Powered Car on YouTube "Watch 'Ammonia Fuel'". Greg Vezina. Retrieved ... The European Union classification of ammonia solutions is given in the table. The ammonia vapour from concentrated ammonia ...
V. G. Teifel (1976). "Methane and ammonia abundance in the atmosphere of Saturn". Sov. Astron. Lett. 2 (6): 232. Bibcode: ...
In 2016, a study of how the orbits of Saturn's moons should have changed due to tidal effects suggested that all of Saturn's ... Because no ammonia was initially found in the vented material by INMS or UVIS, which could act as an antifreeze, it was thought ... Its faint apparent magnitude (HV = +11.7) and its proximity to the much brighter Saturn and Saturn's rings make Enceladus ... Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM). TSSM was a joint NASA/ESA flagship-class proposal for exploration of Saturn's moons, with a ...
Planet b contains ammonia and/or acetylene as well as carbon dioxide, but has little methane; planet c contains ammonia, ... The orbital radii of planets e, d, c, and b are 2-3 times those of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune's orbits, respectively ... and carbon dioxide but ammonia is not definitively detected; planet e contains methane and acetylene but no ammonia or carbon ... The spectrum of planet e is similar to a reddened spectrum of Saturn. Moderate-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy, obtained ...
... due to the overlying ammonia hazes in Saturn's troposphere. Saturn's atmosphere has several unusual features. Its winds are ... As with Jupiter, the upper clouds on Saturn are composed of ammonia crystals, while the lower level clouds appear to be ... The outer atmosphere of Saturn consists of about 93.2% hydrogen and 6.7% helium. Trace amounts of ammonia, acetylene, ethane, ... "Saturn Fact Sheet". NASA. Waite, Jack Hunter Jr.; Combi, M. R.; Ip, W. H.; Cravens, T. E.; McNutt Jr., R. L.; Kasprzak, W.; et ...
... has a pale yellow hue due to ammonia crystals in its upper atmosphere. An electrical current within the metallic ... The Romans named the seventh day of the week Saturday, Sāturni diēs ("Saturn's Day"), for the planet Saturn. Saturn is a gas ... Trace amounts of ammonia, acetylene, ethane, propane, phosphine, and methane have been detected in Saturn's atmosphere. The ... Saturn is the only planet of the Solar System that is less dense than water-about 30% less. Although Saturn's core is ...
2008). "Enceladus: A potential source of ammonia products and molecular nitrogen for Saturn's magnetosphere" (PDF). Journal of ... The Saturn's magnetodisk is a much smaller analog of the Jovian magnetodisk. The plasma sheet in the Saturn's magnetosphere has ... Saturn is the source of rather strong low frequency radio emissions called Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR). The frequency of ... Saturn's magnetosphere is often divided into four regions. The innermost region co-located with Saturn's planetary rings, ...
... one of Saturn's larger moons. Some of these extraterrestrial cirrus clouds are made of ammonia or methane ice, much like water ... NASA's Cassini probe detected these clouds on Saturn and thin water-ice cirrus on Saturn's moon Titan. Cirrus clouds composed ... On Jupiter, cirrus clouds are composed of ammonia. When Jupiter's South Equatorial Belt disappeared, one hypothesis put forward ... Cirrus clouds form in the atmospheres of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; and on Titan, ...
... on the presence or absence of ammonia, of a magnetic field and of a sub-surface ocean; on the chemistry that drives complex ion ... Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM) was a joint NASA-ESA proposal for an exploration of Saturn and its moons Titan and Enceladus ... and arrival at Saturn 9 years later in October 2029. This is one of several available Earth-to-Saturn transfer options from the ... the orbiter's chemical propulsion system would place the flight system into orbit around Saturn, followed by a two-year Saturn ...
... ammonia and other volatiles. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water-ammonia ocean. ... He also noted that elegance of the name in that just as Saturn was the father of Jupiter, the new planet should be named after ... This value indicates that it is made primarily of various ices, such as water, ammonia, and methane. The total mass of ice in ... Most of the planet is made of water, ammonia, and methane in a supercritical phase of matter, which in astronomy is called 'ice ...
In addition to Saturn's methane cycle some studies suggest an ammonia cycle induced by photolysis similar to Jupiter's. The ... West, R. A.; Baines, K. H.; Karkoschka, E.; Sánchez-Lavega, A. (2009). "Clouds and Aerosols in Saturn's Atmosphere". Saturn ... Recent studies indicate a hydrological cycle of water-ammonia vastly different to the type operating on terrestrial planets ... "3D Modeling of interactions between Jupiter's ammonia clouds and large anticyclones". Icarus. 232: 141-156. Bibcode:2014Icar.. ...
It has also been proposed that ammonia oceans could exist deep below the surface; one model suggests an ammonia-water solution ... Life 'not as we know it' possible on Saturn's moon Titan Khlifi M, Nollet M, Paillous P, Bruston P, Raulin F, Bénilan Y, Khanna ... Whether there is life on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is currently an open question and a topic of scientific assessment ... This was sufficient time for simple life to evolve on Earth, although the presence of ammonia on Titan could cause the same ...
... carbon dioxide and ammonia. The E Ring is distributed between the orbits of Mimas and Titan. Unlike the other rings, it is ... Planetary Rings Node: Saturn's Ring System Saturn's Rings by NASA's Solar System Exploration Rings of Saturn nomenclature from ... It is aligned with the plane of Saturn's orbit. Saturn has an axial tilt of 27 degrees, so this ring is tilted at an angle of ... "Saturn: Rings". NASA. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Nicholson, P.D.; et al. (2008). "A close look at Saturn's rings ...
Saturn, and possibly Mars have been traced to forms found in late Greek papyrus texts. The symbols for Jupiter and Saturn are ... The ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, are primarily composed of low-boiling-point materials such as water, methane, and ammonia, ... Jupiter and Saturn are believed to have cores of rock and metal surrounded by mantles of metallic hydrogen. Uranus and Neptune ... Saturn's smaller moon Phoebe, currently an irregular body of 1.7% Earth's radius and 0.00014% Earth's mass, is thought to have ...
... ammonia and other volatiles. The gaseous outer layers of Jupiter and Saturn transition smoothly into oceans of supercritical ... Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point so that water might exist in large quantities ... The gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn, are thought to lack surfaces and instead have a stratum of liquid hydrogen; however their ... 2008). "The Titan Saturn System Mission". American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting. 21: 1346. Bibcode:2008AGUFM.P21A1346C. the ...
For example, at 60 atm ammonia melts at −77 °C (196 K) and boils at 98 °C (371 K). Ammonia and ammonia-water mixtures remain ... Life 'not as we know it' possible on Saturn's moon Titan. Wall, Mike (28 July 2017). "Saturn Moon Titan Has Molecules That ... However, ammonia has some problems as a basis for life. The hydrogen bonds between ammonia molecules are weaker than those in ... "Ammonia-based life". Archived from the original on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2012-10-01. Darling, David. "ammonia-based life". ...
Although Saturn has 60% of Jupiter's volume, it is less than a third as massive, at 95 M🜨. Saturn is the only planet of the ... Ices, like water, methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide, have a melting points of up to a few hundred kelvins ... The rings of Saturn are made up of small ice and rock particles. Saturn has 145 confirmed satellites composed largely of ice. ... Christiaan Huygens followed on from these observations by discovering Saturn's moon Titan and the shape of the rings of Saturn ...
This is a list of named geological features on Saturn's moon Titan. Official names for these features have only been announced ... soot for snow and a subsurface ocean of ammonia. Now there's a map to help guide the search for possible life there". The New ... Overbye, Dennis (3 December 2019). "Go Ahead, Take a Spin on Titan - Saturn's biggest moon has gasoline for rain, ...
The principal components are hydrogen and helium in the case of Jupiter and Saturn, and water, ammonia and methane in the case ... Jupiter and Saturn's outermost portion of the hydrogen atmosphere has many layers of visible clouds that are mostly composed of ... The many ways in which Uranus and Neptune differ from Jupiter and Saturn have led some to use the term only for planets similar ... In "traditional" giant planets such as Jupiter and Saturn (the gas giants) hydrogen and helium make up most of the mass of the ...
There were probably simple hydrides such as those now found in the gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), notably water vapor, ... methane and ammonia. Outgassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases produced during the late heavy bombardment of Earth by ...
Titan orbits Saturn at 20 Saturn radii. From Titan's surface, Saturn subtends an arc of 5.09 degrees, and if it were visible ... It has also been hypothesized that liquid-ammonia oceans could exist deep below the surface. Another model suggests an ammonia- ... Titan is the largest and brightest moon of Saturn, and so is the easiest to observe of Saturn's moons with a standard optical ... Titan is one of the seven gravitationally rounded moons in orbit around Saturn, and the second most distant from Saturn of ...
... has been observed within the atmospheres of other planets, such as Jupiter, Saturn, and probably Uranus and Neptune. ... Recently, a new type of lightning was detected on Jupiter, thought to originate from "mushballs" including ammonia. Lightning ... Environment portal Weather portal Apollo 12 - A Saturn V rocket that was struck by lightning shortly after liftoff. Harvesting ...
It seems rather that it formed between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn, and was deflected into the asteroid belt as Jupiter ... The discovery of ammonium salts in Occator Crater supports an origin in the outer Solar System, as ammonia is far more abundant ... Over the course of three million years, gravitational influence from Jupiter and Saturn has triggered cyclical shifts in ... the spots were also found to be associated with ammonia-rich clays. In June 2016, near-infrared spectra of these bright areas ...
The thickness of this ocean, if it exists, is up to 40 km and its temperature is around 180 K (close to the water-ammonia ... It is the tenth-largest moon by size however, since Rhea, the second-largest moon of Saturn and the ninth-largest moon, is ... Oberon's density of 1.63 g/cm3, which is higher than the typical density of Saturn's satellites, indicates that it consists of ... If the ice contains enough ammonia or other antifreeze, Oberon may possess a liquid ocean layer at the core-mantle boundary. ...
Its density of 1.71 g/cm3, which is much higher than the typical density of Saturn's satellites, indicates that it consists of ... Significant amounts of nitrogen and carbon may have been present in the form of carbon monoxide and N2 instead of ammonia and ... If the ice contains enough ammonia or other antifreeze, Titania may have a subsurface ocean at the core-mantle boundary. The ... Spelled the same as the adjectival form of Saturn's moon Titan, but may be pronounced differently. Calculated on the basis of ...
A layer of liquid water (ocean) rich in dissolved ammonia may have formed at the core-mantle boundary. The eutectic temperature ... Squyres, S. W.; Reynolds, Ray T.; Summers, Audrey L.; Shung, Felix (1988). "Accretional Heating of the Satellites of Saturn and ... Hillier, John; Squyres, Steven W. (August 1991). "Thermal stress tectonics on the satellites of Saturn and Uranus". Journal of ... instead of ammonia and methane. The moons that formed in such a subnebula would contain less water ice (with CO and N2 trapped ...
... and these plans were scrapped in favour of remaining at Saturn and eventually destroying the spacecraft in Saturn's atmosphere ... Given its size, rock/ice composition and the possible presence of salt or ammonia in solution to lower the freezing point of ... Thermal modeling of Saturn's moon Dione, which is similar to Ariel in size, density, and surface temperature, suggests that ... Escape from a mean motion resonance is much easier for the moons of Uranus than for those of Jupiter or Saturn, due to Uranus's ...
In addition, there would probably have been simple hydrides such as those now found in gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, ... notably water vapor, methane, and ammonia. As the solar nebula dissipated, the gases would have escaped, partly driven off by ...
Rather, it is believed to have been a viscous, lava-like mixture of water and ammonia, which freezes at 176 K (−97 °C), or ... These bulk properties are similar to Saturn's moon Mimas, though Mimas is smaller, less dense, and more oblate. Precisely how a ... Miranda's surface may be mostly water ice, though it is far rockier than its corresponding satellites in the Saturn system, ... Only water has been detected so far on Miranda's surface, though it has been speculated that methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide ...
Saturn's E ring particles consist predominantly of water ice but in the vicinity of Saturn's moon Enceladus CDA found mostly ... ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen to condense into solid ice grains. Inside the snow line the ... The Cassini Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA) analyzed dust throughout its interplanetary cruise to Saturn and within the Saturn ... At large distance from Saturn CDA identified and analyzed interstellar grains passing through the Saturn system. These analyses ...