Mishra S, Murphy LJ (June 2004). "Tissue transglutaminase has intrinsic kinase activity: identification of transglutaminase 2 ... Besides its transglutaminase activity, tTG is proposed to also act as kinase, and protein disulfide isomerase, and deamidase. ... Stamnaes J, Pinkas DM, Fleckenstein B, Khosla C, Sollid LM (August 2010). "Redox regulation of transglutaminase 2 activity". ... Mutations to these binding sites causing lower calcium affinity, decrease the enzyme's transglutaminase activity. In contrast, ...

... present a substantial deficit in keratinocyte transglutaminase activity. It was concluded that those afflicted, display a ... Structure of the gene encoding transglutaminase X and a novel gene family member, transglutaminase Z". The Journal of ... Grenard P, Bates MK, Aeschlimann D (August 2001). "Evolution of transglutaminase genes: identification of a transglutaminase ... Epidermal transglutaminase is the autoantigen, in humans, of dermatitis herpetiformis. A study on the mutation of keratinocyte ...

Transglutaminases were first described in 1959. The exact biochemical activity of transglutaminases was discovered in blood ... The transglutaminase found in some bacteria runs on a Cys-Asp diad. Transglutaminases form extensively cross-linked, generally ... Structure of the gene encoding transglutaminase X and a novel gene family member, transglutaminase Z". The Journal of ... Mammalian transglutaminases among other transglutaminases require Ca2+ ions as a cofactor. ...

... a GTP-binding protein with transglutaminase activity and receptor signaling function". Science. 264 (5165): 1593-1596. doi: ... Lorand, Laszlo; Graham, Robert M. (February 2003). "Transglutaminases: crosslinking enzymes with pleiotropic functions". Nature ...

Chromosomal location of Transglutaminase 3 is located on chromosome 20. An experiment was done where Transglutaminase 3 reduced ... Alterations to PAD activity resulted in the development of Uncombable Hair Syndrome. Another study examined the ... This gene helps provide instructions for creating an enzyme known as Transglutaminase 3. This gene is found in skin cells known ... With the 58 pairs of tissues that were sampled, it was confirmed that Transglutaminase 3 is closely related to growth ...

2003). "Roles of calcium ions in the activation and activity of the transglutaminase 3 enzyme". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (26): 23834- ... Rice RH, Green H (1978). "Relation of protein synthesis and transglutaminase activity to formation of the cross-linked envelope ... Wang M, Kim IG, Steinert PM, McBride OW (Mar 1995). "Assignment of the human transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) and transglutaminase 3 ( ... 1994). "Structure and organization of the human transglutaminase 3 gene: evolutionary relationship to the transglutaminase ...

December 2005). "A homozygous missense mutation in TGM5 abolishes epidermal transglutaminase 5 activity and causes acral ... TGM5 is a transglutaminase enzyme. TGM5 encodes one member of the multigene transglutaminase family. Transglutaminases (TGs) ... Two homozygous missense mutations, T109M and G113C, were found in TGM5, which encodes transglutaminase 5 (TG5), in all affected ... G113C completely abolishes TG5 activity. Three-dimensional modeling of TG5 showed that G113C lies close to the catalytic domain ...

... can also be found in the extracellular space and it is one of the few cathepsins, that shows some activity at ... Kim SJ, Kim KH, Ahn ER, Yoo BC, Kim SY (January 2013). "Depletion of cathepsin D by transglutaminase 2 through protein cross- ... Cathepsin D enzymatic activity induces hydrolytic modification of apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins, including LDL, ... Pepstatin Transglutaminase 2 HEBP1 A2M Ceramide GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000117984 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl ...

The enzyme tissue transglutaminase converts some of the abundant glutamines to glutamic acid. This is done because gliadins are ... Specific amino acid sequences within the gliadin proteins are responsible for this activity. The main problem with this disease ... CD8+ T cells then enter the epithelium and express NK receptors specific for gliadin and transglutaminase causing ...

It is most often caused by higher levels of exertion, such as jogging, but can be brought on by milder activities, such as a ... Omega-5-gliadins, a compound found in wheat that is commonly associated with FDEIA, is cross-linked by transglutaminase, ... Palosuo K, Varjonen E, Nurkkala J, Kalkkinen N, Harvima R, Reunala T, Alenius H (June 2003). "Transglutaminase-mediated cross- ... Theories for the pathophysiology of EIA include increased gastrointestinal permeability, increased tissue enzyme activity, and ...

Decreased activity of mitochondrial PDH with age has been shown in the heart as well as in certain regions of the brain (the ... of the acute liver failure patients in one study exhibited a nonmitochondrial autoantibody against tissue transglutaminase. ... Human proteins that possess pyruvate dehydrogenase activity include: In bacteria, a form of pyruvate dehydrogenase (also called ... Increased pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity can cause oncogene-induced cellular senescence, as well as promoting aging. ...

Alpha-2 macroglobulin is important in regulating protease activity in the blood. There are no known full oligosaccharide ... such as transglutaminase cross-linking sites, thioester, and high-affinity zinc sites. The fact that alpha-2 macroglobulin ... alpha-2 macroglobulin can facilitate the reverse or irreversible capture of proteins with a multitude of biological activities ...

Ghanta KS, Pakala SB, Reddy SD, Li DQ, Nair SS, Kumar R (Mar 2011). "MTA1 coregulation of transglutaminase 2 expression and ... "Acetylation-dependent oncogenic activity of metastasis-associated protein 1 co-regulator". EMBO Reports. 11 (9): 691-7. doi: ... which inhibits ER transactivation activity. MTA1 also deacetylate its target proteins such as p53 and HIF and modulates their ... MTA1 regulates gene expression by functioning as a coregulator to integrate DNA-interacting factors to gene activity. MTA1 ...

Tamaki N, Tada T, Morita M, Watanabe T (2003). "Comparison of inhibitory activity on calcium phosphate precipitation by acidic ... and statherin generated by transglutaminase". J. Dent. Res. 79 (4): 930-8. doi:10.1177/00220345000790040801. PMID 10831095. ...

This includes processing activities such as baking, frying, cleaning, etc. This phase can be one of the most critical to 3D ... Additives such as transglutaminase and hydrocolloids have been added to ingredients in order to help retain the printed shape ... Home Transglutaminase Hydrocolloids Viscosity Edible ink printing Kakuk, Collette (2019). "The Ultimate Guide to 3D Food ... Evaluation of chewing ability and its relationship with activities of daily living, depression, cognitive status and food ...

The A subunits have catalytic function, and the B subunits do not have enzymatic activity and may serve as a plasma carrier ... This enzyme acts as a transglutaminase to catalyze the formation of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine crosslinking between fibrin ... 1997). "Hierarchies in the binding of human factor XIII, factor XIIIa, and endothelial cell transglutaminase to human plasma ... and endothelial cell transglutaminase to human plasma fibrinogen, fibrin, and fibronectin". Mol. Cell. Biochem. NETHERLANDS. ...

Jonsson M; Linse S; Frohm B; Lundwall A; Malm J (Apr 2005). "Semenogelins I and II bind zinc and regulate the activity of ... are substrates for transglutaminase". Eur. J. Biochem. 252 (2): 216-21. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2520216.x. PMID 9523691. ... 2002). "Amidolytic activity of prostatic acid phosphatase on human semenogelins and semenogelin-derived synthetic substrates". ... Robert M; Gibbs BF; Jacobson E; Gagnon C (1997). "Characterization of prostate-specific antigen proteolytic activity on its ...

The crosslinking of gliadin with tissue transglutaminase leads to the production of anti-transglutaminase antibodies, but this ... While not truly innate, these activities allow gliadin to enter into areas where many lymphocytes patron. In bypassing these ... June 2003). "Transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking of a peptic fraction of omega-5 gliadin enhances IgE reactivity in wheat- ... Many of these gliadin motifs are substrates for tissue transglutaminase and therefore can be modified by deamidation in the gut ...

2001). "Enhancement of the p300 HAT activity by HIV-1 Tat on chromatin DNA". Virology. 289 (2): 312-26. doi:10.1006/viro. ... 1999). "Identification of 'tissue' transglutaminase binding proteins in neural cells committed to apoptosis". FASEB J. 13 (2): ... 2001). "Chromatin docking and exchange activity enhancement of RCC1 by histones H2A and H2B". Science. 292 (5521): 1540-3. ... 2000). "ATF-2 has intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity which is modulated by phosphorylation". Nature. 405 (6783): 195- ...

Human dry eye tears also lack this activity. However, dry eye tears supplemented with lacritin are fully protective. Similarly ... Predicted pI of lacritin's core protein is 5. Lacritin is subject to crosslinking by tissue transglutaminase, thereby giving ... The ~0.6 micro molar level of tissue transglutaminase estimated in human tears is sufficient to promote crosslinking. ... "Tissue transglutaminase is a negative regulator of monomeric lacritin bioactivity". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 54 (17): 2123-32 ...

1991). "Activity and specificity of human aldolases". J. Mol. Biol. 219 (4): 573-6. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(91)90650-U. PMID ... 1992). "Identification of transglutaminase substrates in HT29 colon cancer cells: use of 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine as a ... transglutaminase-specific probe". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1136 (1): 12-6. doi:10.1016/0167-4889(92)90078-P. PMID 1353685. ...

Chang A, Schalkwijk J, Happle R, van de Kerkhof PC (1990). "Elastase-inhibiting activity in scaling skin disorders". Acta Derm ... Purification, cDNA sequence, and evidence for transglutaminase cross-linking". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (16): 12028-32. doi:10.1016/ ... 2002). "Expression of tissue transglutaminase and elafin in human coronary artery: implication for plaque instability". ...

Graves PR, Winkfield KM, Haystead TA (2005). "Regulation of zipper-interacting protein kinase activity in vitro and in vivo by ... "The mixed lineage kinase DLK is oligomerized by tissue transglutaminase during apoptosis". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (42): 32482-90. ...

"Entrez Gene: SPINK5 serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5". Furio L, Hovnanian A (November 2011). "When Activity Requires ... and differential expression of transglutaminases". J. Invest. Dermatol. 123 (3): 474-83. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23220.x. ... 2002). "Elevated stratum corneum hydrolytic activity in Netherton syndrome suggests an inhibitory regulation of desquamation by ...

RA in GSE/CD may be secondary to tissue transglutaminase (tTG) autoimmunity. In a recent study in Turkey, 8 of 20 RA patients ... Armentia A, Sanchez-Monge R, Gomez L, Barber D, Salcedo G (1993). "In vivo allergenic activities of eleven purified members of ... to reach full activity. Other studies show that digestion of wheat proteins to about 10 amino acids can increase the allergic ... "Cross linking to tissue transglutaminase and collagen favours gliadin toxicity in coeliac disease". Gut. 55 (4): 478-84. doi: ...

Crawford HC, Matrisian LM, Liaw L (November 1998). "Distinct roles of osteopontin in host defense activity and tumor survival ... Kaartinen MT, Murshed M, Karsenty G, McKee MD (April 2007). "Osteopontin upregulation and polymerization by transglutaminase 2 ... translation of osteopontin generates intracellular and secreted isoforms that mediate distinct biological activities in ...

He continued research activities as a postdoc in the group of Erik Thorsby. He got a faculty position at the Institute of ... Tissue transglutaminase selectively modifies gliadin peptides that are recognized by gut-derived T cells in celiac disease. Nat ... An answer to this conundrum came with the observation that transglutaminase 2, an enzyme to which celiac disease patients ... B cell tolerance and antibody production to the celiac disease autoantigen transglutaminase 2. J Exp Med. 2020; 217:e20190860. ...

The formation of ROS is coupled with the formation of nitric oxide synthase activity (NOS). NO reacts with O2− generating ... Other enzymes such as transglutaminases (TGs) control chromatin remodeling through proteins such as sirtuin1 (SIRT1). TGs cause ... The increase in the NOS activity causes the production of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Peroxynitrite is a strong oxidant radical and ... Reactive oxygen species also inhibit DNMT activity which would normally add the missing methyl groups. This increases the ...

SNP variant -4684T was associated with reduced gene promoter activity in the TBXA2R gene and an increased incidence of ... Mhaouty-Kodja S (2004). "Ghalpha/tissue transglutaminase 2: an emerging G protein in signal transduction". Biology of the Cell ... This leads to the stimulation or inhibition, respectively, of adenylate cyclase activity and thereby very different cellular ... Novel TP receptor antagonists that also have activity in reducing TXA2 production by inhibiting cyclooxygenases have been ...

In each case, changing the nucleophile reduced the enzyme's protease activity, but increased a different activity. A sulfur ... Sanchez-Pulido L, Ponting CP (2016). "Vasohibins: new transglutaminase-like cysteine proteases possessing a non-canonical Cys- ... Removing the acid histidine results in only a 10-fold activity loss (compared to >10,000-fold when aspartate is removed from ... When the nucleophile of TEV protease was converted from cysteine to serine, it protease activity was strongly reduced, but was ...

Some studies have revealed that antibodies increase the activity of tTG, instead of inhibiting activity as is commonly ... In disease, transglutaminase reacts with gliadin forming a linkage. In forming this bond transglutaminase becomes linked to T- ... Anti-transglutaminase antibodies (ATA) are autoantibodies against the transglutaminase protein. Antibodies serve an important ... Antibodies to epidermal transglutaminase (eTG, also keratinocyte transglutaminase) are the autoantibodies believed to cause ...

December 2005). "A homozygous missense mutation in TGM5 abolishes epidermal transglutaminase 5 activity and causes acral ... Transglutaminase 5 is best for catalyzing the cross-linking of proteins and the conjugation of polyamines to proteins. It also ...

In human adults, the normal blood level of antithrombin activity has been measured to be around 1.1 units/mL. Newborn levels of ... Factor XIIIa is a transglutaminase that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between lysine and glutamine residues in ... Thrombin is produced by the enzymatic cleavage of two sites on prothrombin by activated Factor X (Xa). The activity of factor ... Binding of activated protein C to protein S leads to a modest increase in its activity. Thrombin is also inactivated by ...

The A subunits have catalytic function, and the B subunits do not have enzymatic activity and may serve as plasma carrier ... Ichinose A, Davie EW (1988). "Characterization of the gene for the a subunit of human factor XIII (plasma transglutaminase), a ... Yee VC, Pedersen LC, Le Trong I, Bishop PD, Stenkamp RE, Teller DC (1994). "Three-dimensional structure of a transglutaminase: ... Adány R, Bárdos H (2003). "Factor XIII subunit A as an intracellular transglutaminase". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 60 (6): 1049-60. ...

Many other C2 domain families don't have calcium binding activity. C2 domains are frequently found coupled to enzymatic domains ... Zhang D, Aravind L (October 2012). "Novel transglutaminase-like peptidase and C2 domains elucidate the structure, biogenesis ... families and classification of the C2 domain superfamily elucidate the origin and evolution of membrane targeting activities in ...

... to photosynthetic complexes and proteins is catalyzed by transglutaminase and leads to enhanced photosynthetic activity under ... The activity of polyamines can be categorized to some parts due to its signalling and growing activity. Polyamines, which are ... For example, Arabidopsis showed much lower activity in seed development when a specific gene of was impaired. With both genes ... Polyamine is found in all cellular compartments and physiological activities due to their simple structures. The function of ...

Díaz-Jullien C, Pérez-Estévez A, Covelo G, Freire M (1996). "Prothymosin alpha binds histones in vitro and shows activity in ... 1999). "Identification of 'tissue' transglutaminase binding proteins in neural cells committed to apoptosis". FASEB J. 13 (2): ... 2001). "Enhancement of the p300 HAT activity by HIV-1 Tat on chromatin DNA". Virology. 289 (2): 312-26. doi:10.1006/viro. ...

1996). "The eta isoform of protein kinase C mediates transcriptional activation of the human transglutaminase 1 gene". J. Biol ... virus type 1 Tat protein is associated with an increase in both NF-kappa B binding and protein kinase C activity in primary ... It is also found to mediate the transcription activation of the transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ...