Additionally it has been proposed that the directed transport of active signaling complexes to the nucleus might be required to ... To achieve internalisation of nanoparticles into cells, such as T cells, antibodies can be used to target the nanoparticles to ... Kirchhausen T (November 2009). "Imaging endocytic clathrin structures in living cells". Trends in Cell Biology. 19 (11): 596- ... receptor-mediated endocytosis is also actively implicated in transducing signals from the cell periphery to the nucleus. This ...

2003, Efficient active transport of gene nanocarriers to the cell nucleus, in: PNAS. Vol. 100, nº 7; 3878-3882. 2002, ... Tight coupling between nucleus and cell migration through the perinuclear actin cap, in: Journal of Cell Science. Vol. 127; ... The distinct roles of the nucleus and nucleus-cytoskeleton connections in three-dimensional cell migration, in: Scientific ... Cell and nuclear mechanics Wirtz developed novel tools and concepts to study the role of nucleus and nuclear connections to the ...

"Chromosomal proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17 are released from mitotic chromosomes and imported into the nucleus by active transport ... 2002). "A fragment of the HMGN2 protein homes to the nuclei of tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells in vivo". Proc. Natl. ... Cell. Biol. 19 (5): 3466-73. doi:10.1128/MCB.19.5.3466. PMC 84139. PMID 10207070. Kazmierczak B, Dal Cin P, Rogalla P, et al. ( ... Cell. Biol. 21 (15): 5169-78. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.15.5169-5178.2001. PMC 87241. PMID 11438671. Porkka K, Laakkonen P, Hoffman JA ...

... telomeres in the nucleus of cells, ion channels in the plasma membrane, colloidal particle in the cytoplasm, moisture transport ... Superdiffusion can be the result of active cellular transport processes or due to jumps with a heavy-tail distribution. If α < ... Examples of anomalous diffusion in nature have been observed in biology in the cell nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm. ... "Transient anomalous diffusion of telomeres in the nucleus of mammalian cells". Physical Review Letters. 103 (1): 018102. ...

The two main pathways are passive transport and active transport. Passive transport is more direct and does not require the use ... Their mechanisms are simpler than later-evolved eukaryotes, which contain a nucleus that envelops the cell's DNA and some ... Endocytosis is a form of active transport where a cell takes in molecules, using the plasma membrane, and packages them into ... Active transport uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to transport a substance that moves against its concentration gradient.[page ...

... active transport) from the cytoplasm into the cell nucleus, and binding to specific sequences of DNA known as hormone response ... or nucleus (type II NR) of the cell. Binding causes a conformational change in the receptor which, depending on the class of ... which causes a change in cell function. Type II receptors, in contrast to type I, are retained in the nucleus regardless of the ... Small lipophilic substances such as natural hormones diffuse through the cell membrane and bind to nuclear receptors located in ...

... protein transport MeSH G06.535.166.700.100 - active transport, cell nucleus MeSH G06.535.166.775 - respiratory transport MeSH ... biological transport, active MeSH G06.535.166.310.100 - active transport, cell nucleus MeSH G06.535.166.310.657 - membrane ... axonal transport MeSH G06.535.166.500 - ion transport MeSH G06.535.166.500.100 - calcium signaling MeSH G06.535.166.700 - ... electron transport MeSH G06.535.335.531.587 - lipid peroxidation MeSH G06.535.335.631 - oxidative phosphorylation MeSH G06.535. ...

"Chromosomal proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17 are released from mitotic chromosomes and imported into the nucleus by active transport ... DNA and Cell Biology. 14 (12): 997-1005. doi:10.1089/dna.1995.14.997. PMID 8534374. Hock R, Scheer U, Bustin M (Dec 1998). " ... Leffak M, Trempe JP (Jul 1985). "Histone H1 and HMG 14/17 are deposited nonrandomly in the nucleus". Nucleic Acids Research. 13 ... "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...

The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex ( ... larger molecules are transported by an active process. Most nuclear proteins contain short basic amino acid sequences known as ... "p17 and p17-containing gag precursors of input human immunodeficiency virus are transported into the nuclei of infected cells ... 1992). "Active nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ...

The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex ( ... larger molecules are transported by an active process. Most nuclear proteins contain short basic amino acid sequences known as ... "p17 and p17-containing gag precursors of input human immunodeficiency virus are transported into the nuclei of infected cells ... Cell. Biol. UNITED STATES. 19 (11): 7782-91. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.11.7782. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0015-3C39-0. ISSN 0270-7306. ...

As an active transport mechanism, exocytosis requires the use of energy to transport material. Exocytosis and its counterpart, ... This response can take place in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm of the cell. A majority of signaling pathways control protein ... Cell biology/Pollard et al, The Cell/ G.M. Cooper Cell biology/Pollard et al, The Cell/ G.M. Cooper Cooper GM (2000). " ... In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) or cell communication is the ability of a cell to receive, ...

... s can be neutral or charged, and particle transport can be active or passive. The latter can be facilitated by pressure ... which cover a cell nucleus; and tissue membranes, such as mucosae and serosae. Synthetic membranes are made by humans for use ... Biological membranes include cell membranes (outer coverings of cells or organelles that allow passage of certain constituents ... The loss of RO performance can result from irreversible organic and/or inorganic fouling and chemical degradation of the active ...

The products of the cell are mostly for transport into the osteoid, the non-mineralized matrix. Active osteoblasts can be ... The osteoblast's nucleus is spherical and large. An active osteoblast is characterized morphologically by a prominent Golgi ... Bone is a highly vascular tissue, and active formation of blood vessel cells, also from mesenchymal stem cells, is essential to ... List of human cell types derived from the germ layers List of distinct cell types in the adult human body Pittenger MF, Mackay ...

... cilium Cell transport: Diffusion - Osmosis - isotonic - active transport - phagocytosis Cellular reproduction: cytokinesis - ... Plastid Cell nucleus Nucleoplasm - Nucleolus - Chromatin - Chromosome Endomembrane system Nuclear envelope - Endoplasmic ... cell membrane - fats - phospholipids nucleic acids: DNA - RNA Outline of cell biology Cell structure: Cell coined by Robert ... Cell biology - study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living ...

exocytosis A form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules out of the cell by expelling them ... cell nucleus The "control room" for the cell. The nucleus gives out all the orders. cell plate Grown in the cell's center, it ... endocytosis A form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules such as proteins into the cell's interior by ... creating a new cell wall that enables cell division. cell theory The theory that all living things are made up of cells. cell ...

The nucleus of the dark cell is displaced toward the surface. Vestibular dark cells transport potassium ions into the inner ear ... Dark cell regions of the vestibular system are involved in active (energy consuming) ion transport to maintain the unusual ... which transports all three ions into the cell. The transport of sodium ions into the cell enhances the effect of the Na+/K+- ... dark cells utilize the Na+/K+-ATPase pump in order to transport potassium. The basolateral membranes of vestibular dark cells ...

This method is based on magnetic resonance imaging of the distribution of ions comprising NMR-active nuclei (usually 1H, 19F, ... of two concentration cells, without or with ionic transport. The EMF of transport concentration cell involves both the ... The cation transport number of the leading solution is then calculated as t + = z + c L A F I Δ t {\displaystyle t_{+}={\frac { ... For example, the transport numbers of hydrochloric acid (HCl(aq)) may be determined by electrolysis between a cadmium anode and ...

... is thought to penetrate cell membranes in its ionised form by either passive diffusion or carrier-mediated active transport. ... This allows the drug to remain intact, facilitating its entry into the cell's nucleus to effectively exert its anticancer ... Phenanthriplatin has been reported to have increased selectivity to cancerous cells compared to healthy cells, thereby reducing ... residing primarily in the cell's nucleus. The ultimate target of the drug is nuclear DNA. Phenanthriplatin forms monofunctional ...

Transport of the hormone to the target cell(s). Recognition of the hormone by an associated cell membrane or intracellular ... To release active hormones quickly into the circulation, hormone biosynthetic cells may produce and store biologically inactive ... The combined hormone-receptor complex then moves across the nuclear membrane into the nucleus of the cell, where it binds to ... Hormones affect distant cells by binding to specific receptor proteins in the target cell, resulting in a change in cell ...

... which require active transport via specific membrane transport proteins to enter cells. The ERs are nuclear receptors that are ... mostly present in the cell nucleus. Upon binding of estradiol to an ER, the receptor dimerizes (combines) with another ... As a result, it readily enters cells via simple passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. This is in ... ERα is relatively stable in the cell with a half-life of up to 5 days, however once bound to ligand this time shortens to 3-4 ...

It shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm acting as an active nuclear transport protein. NXT1 binds specifically to Ran ... Köhler, Alwin; Hurt, Ed (2007). "Exporting RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 8 ( ... TREX binds mRNA and recruits transport proteins NXF1 and NXT1 (yeast Mex67 and Mtr2), which shuttle the mRNA out of the nucleus ... In mammalian cells, a paralog of DDX39b, DDX39a, exists, and is somewhat functionally redundant. Knockdown of both paralogs is ...

In turn, transferrin transports Cr3+ to insulin sensitive cells (i.e. adipocytes) where it binds to apochromodulin to form ... The apochromodulin is stored in insulin sensitive cells in the nucleus. When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released ... Another way that Cr(III) may prolong the insulin receptor's kinase activity is through the oxidation of a critical active site ... This activates the receptor and allows it to transmit the signal from insulin to the cell. As mentioned above, absorbed ...

... active genes from the periphery of the nucleus to the nucleoplasmic region has also been observed in human cell lines. The ... "Dynamics of single mRNP nucleocytoplasmic transport and export through the nuclear pore in living cells". Nature Cell Biology. ... Molecular Biology of the Cell. 14 (2): 600-610. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-09-0582. PMC 149995. PMID 12589057. (Cell nucleus, Gene ... Nup98 seems to be responsible for the transport of many RNAs from the center of the nucleus to the nuclear lamina. Nup98 ...

In these cells, even 30 °C hypothermia was enough to significantly boost SUMO2/3-conjugated protein levels and nucleus ... such as nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. It is not active until the last two ... Deep hypothermia caused only a small increase in the amounts of SUMO2/3-conjugated proteins in primary neuronal cells. This ... Deep hypothermia caused the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 to translocate to the nucleus, implying that the increase in nuclear ...

The cells can no longer regulate salt and water concentrations resulting in the symptoms typical of the disease. Additional ... Channels perform passive transport of materials also known as facilitated diffusion. Transporters can carry out either passive ... Transmembrane channels are also found in the membranes of organelles including the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum, the ... or active transfer of materials while pumps require energy to act. There are several modes by which membrane channels operate. ...

... which can be transported to the cell nucleus. Nucleus IL-37 can have a direct inhibition function on the expression of pro- ... IL-37 functions are active at low IL-37 concentrations. Higher concentrations leads to inactivation via dimer formation. ... Interaction with IL-18 cell surface receptors - Intracellular IL-37 can be released from cells following necrosis or apoptosis ... It is produced by immune cells, most of which are relevant to the immune inflammation response. Examples include natural killer ...

This mRNA is then transported out of the nucleus, where it is translated into a specific protein molecule. The nucleolus is a ... Peroxisomes have enzymes that rid the cell of toxic peroxides, Lysosomes are optimally active in an acidic environment. The ... Cell nucleus: A cell's information center, the cell nucleus is the most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It ... In mammals, major cell types include skin cells, muscle cells, neurons, blood cells, fibroblasts, stem cells, and others. Cell ...

Evidence suggests that the altered protein is not transported into the cell nucleus, where it normally interacts with DNA. This ... WRN is active in homologous recombination. Cells defective in the WRN gene have a 23-fold reduction in spontaneous mitotic ... WRN defective cells, when exposed to x-rays, have more chromosome breaks and micronuclei than cells with wild-type WRN. Cells ... Without normal Werner protein in the nucleus, cells cannot perform the tasks of DNA replication, repair, and transcription. ...

The DNA sequence of these transporters is transcribed in the nucleus of the cell by RNA polymerase and undergoes splicing and ... The diversity of these receptors is vast, with the ability to transport both charged and uncharged amino acids along with their ... HPAT1 and HPAT2 are important in the absorption of certain drugs, especially pharmaceutically active amino acids derivatives. ... If the transporters are not working properly, a drug that they usually help gain entry in to the cell might not be absorbed ...

Bulk transport Endocytosis - It is a form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the ... Cell nucleus - A membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It contains most of the cell's genetic material, ... Exocytosis - It is a form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) out of the cell by ... Meristemic cell - Undifferentiated plants cells analogous to animal stem cells. Stem cell - Undifferentiated cells found in ...