Citrus tristeza virus replication signal
The Citrus tristeza virus replication signal is a regulatory element involved in a viral replication signal which is highly ... Page for Citrus tristeza virus replication signal at Rfam v t e (Cis-regulatory RNA elements, All stub articles, Molecular and ... Replication signals are required for viral replication and are usually found near the 5' and 3' termini of protein coding genes ... Cardiovirus cis-acting replication element (CRE) Coronavirus SL-III cis-acting replication element (CRE) Heron HBV RNA ...
Hepatitis A virus cis-acting replication element
Hepatitis C virus cis-acting replication element Yang, Y; Yi, M; Evans, DJ; Simmonds, P; Lemon, SM (October 2008). " ... In molecular biology, the Hepatitis A virus cis-acting replication element (CRE) is an RNA element which is found in the coding ... "Identification of a conserved RNA replication element (cre) within the 3Dpol-coding sequence of hepatoviruses". Journal of ... region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Hepatitis A virus (HAV). It is larger than the CREs found in related Picornavirus ...
Hepatitis C virus cis-acting replication element
The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cis-acting replication element (CRE) is an RNA element which is found in the coding region of the ... Page for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cis-acting replication element (CRE) at Rfam v t e (Cis-regulatory RNA elements, Hepatitis C ... Hepatitis C alternative reading frame stem-loop Hepatitis C virus 3'X element Hepatitis C virus stem-loop VII Hepatitis C stem- ... Mutations in this family have been found to cause a blockage in RNA replication and it is thought that both the primary ...
Rolling circle replication
In addition, geminivirus also utilizes rolling circle replication as its replication mechanism. It is a virus that is ... Some RNA viruses and viroids also replicate their genome through rolling circle RNA replication. For viroids, there are two ... Some DNA viruses replicate their genomic information in host cells via rolling circle replication. For instance, human ... Human Papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) is another virus that employs rolling replication to produce progeny at a high rate. HPV-16 ...
Rolling hairpin replication
AAV replication is dependent on a helper virus that is either an adenovirus or a herpesvirus that coinfects the cell. In the ... Varying from virus to virus, the coding region of the genome is 4-6 kilobases (kb) in length, and the termini are 116-550 ... After the replication fork is repositioned, replication continues toward the left end, using the newly synthesized DNA strand ... Rolling hairpin replication (RHR) is a unidirectional, strand displacement form of DNA replication used by parvoviruses, a ...
Helper dependent virus
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is an example of a replication defective, helper dependent ssRNA virus because it requires Hepatitis B ... The term satellite virus has been given to a large group of viruses that all require the presence of another virus to replicate ... A helper dependent virus, also termed a gutless virus, is a synthetic viral vector dependent on the assistance of a helper ... Naturally-occurring satellite viruses are also helper virus dependent, and can sometimes be modified to become viral vectors. ...
Self-complementary adeno-associated virus
In nature, these viruses depend on another virus to provide replication machinery; adeno-associated virus can only replicate ... These viruses are nonenveloped, single-strand DNA (ssDNA) viruses. Within Parvoviridae, scAAV further belongs to the ... The ITRs located 5' and 3' of the viral genome serve as the origin of replication. Like the rep ORF, scAAV's cap ORF has been ... These can include presence of a helper virus infection (such as adenovirus) or other toxic events such as exposure to UV light ...
Lysogenic cycle
"Viral replication". THINKER BUG. Retrieved 2021-09-11. Brown, Jay C. (2017). "Herpes Simplex Virus Latency: The DNA Repair- ... During the lysogenic cycle, the virus genome is incorporated as prophage and a repressor prevents viral replication. ... Thus, while herpes viruses can enter both the lytic and lysogenic cycles, latency allows the virus to survive and evade ... An example of a virus that uses the lysogenic cycle to its advantage is the Herpes Simplex Virus. After first entering the ...
Turkeypox virus
Poxvirus is unique from other DNA viruses in respect to its locale of replication in the cell. Poxvirus replicates in the ... Juncopox virus, Mynahpox virus, Psittacinepox virus, Sparrowpox virus, Starlingpox virus, Pigeonpox virus, Canarypox virus and ... Turkeypox virus is a virus of the family Poxviridae and the genus Avipoxvirus that causes turkeypox. It is one of the most ... Turkeypox virus, like other Avipoxviruses, is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus with a large, linear genome of ...
Monkeypox virus
To evade host immune systems, and buy more time for replication, the monkeypox and other orthopox viruses have evolved ... The virus was given the name monkeypox virus after being isolated from monkeys, but most of the carriers of this virus are ... Monkeypox virus is relatively large compared to other viruses. This makes it harder for the virus to breach the host defenses, ... The monkeypox virus (MPV, MPXV, or hMPXV), is a species of double-stranded DNA virus that causes mpox disease in humans and ...
Early protein
"DNA Virus Replication". (Viral protein class). ... While many viruses (such as HIV)[1] are described as expressing ... In some, simpler viruses, this pattern of expression is clearly defined, while in those with more complex genomes, such as the ... On the other hand, the large T antigen is required and it acts to initiate replication directly. It binds the viral origin of ... HIV has two stages of protein expression but these are not as a result of two stages of transcription surrounding replication ...
Pneumoviridae
... the virus undergoes replication. After replication, the P, L, and M proteins participate in forming the ribonucleocapsid. Once ... It functions as a processivity factor for the virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and promotes viral RNA synthesis. Viruses in ... Respiratory tract infections are associated with member viruses such as human respiratory syncytial virus. There are five ... Involved in regulating transcription and replication. When over expressed, has been shown to inhibit viral replication. F - ...
Molluscum contagiosum virus
Because of this, the virus must bring all necessary enzymes for replication with it or encode the enzymes in its genome. The ... Over 100 of these genes are conserved in other viruses from the poxvirus family, such as Variola virus and Vaccinia virus. The ... Therefore, because the host cell proteins for DNA replication are present inside the nucleus, this virus has to bring or encode ... Additionally, the virus can spread to other skin areas of one's body through itching or rubbing the virus. It can also be ...
Sweet potato leaf curl virus
Many mechanisms of (-) DNA replication initiation in the SPLCV have been identified but this first step in the replication ... Examples include Sweet potato Golden vein associated virus (SPGVaV), Sweet potato mosaic virus, Ipomoea leaf curl virus (ILCV ... virus Sweet potato leaf curl Sichuan virus 1 Sweet potato leaf curl Sichuan virus 2 Sweet potato leaf curl South Carolina virus ... Sweet potato leaf curl virus Puerto Rico Sweet potato leaf curl Canary virus (SPLCCaV) Sweet potato leaf curl China virus ( ...
DNA virus
dsDNA viruses make use of several mechanisms to replicate their genome. Bidirectional replication, in which two replication ... As such, each virus realm represents at least one instance of viruses coming into existence. Within each realm, viruses are ... DNA viruses constitute two Baltimore groups: Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses, and Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses. ... The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) oversees virus taxonomy and organizes viruses at the basal level at ...
Viral replication
... proteins not found in the virus particle, mainly enzymes for virus genome replication Viral nucleic acid (genome replication): ... Replication between viruses is greatly varied and depends on the type of genes involved in them. Most DNA viruses assemble in ... Like most viruses with RNA genomes, double-stranded RNA viruses do not rely on host polymerases for replication to the extent ... Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must ...
Origin of replication
For instance, Polyoma viruses utilize host cell DNA polymerases, which attach to a viral origin of replication if the T antigen ... The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is ... Viruses often possess a single origin of replication. A variety of proteins have been described as being involved in viral ... Certain bacteriophages and viruses, for example, can initiate DNA replication by homologous recombination independent of ...
Nucleic acid
Margaret Hunt; University of South Carolina (2010). "RN Virus Replication Strategies". sc.edu. McGlynn P, Lloyd RG (August 1999 ... There are numerous exceptions, however-some viruses have genomes made of double-stranded RNA and other viruses have single- ... and viruses (There is debate as to whether viruses are living or non-living). All living cells contain both DNA and RNA (except ... During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete ...
Melaka virus
Orthoreoviruses and their replication. Fields virology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 1854-915 ... yet three members of his family became ill with the virus. Orphan virus Xi River virus Cell-cell fusogens Chua KB, Crameri G, ... Melaka virus (MELV) is a bat-borne virus. It was first isolated in a human in Melaka, Malaysia in 2006. A bat reservoir was ... Melaka virus causes a non-fatal respiratory tract illness in humans. Melaka virus is a nonenveloped, segmented, double-stranded ...
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B is one of a few known non-retroviral viruses which use reverse transcription as a part of its replication process. ... the woolly monkey hepatitis B virus), suggesting an ancient origin for this virus in primates. The virus is divided into four ... Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the ... This family of viruses is the only member of the viral order Blubervirales. Viruses similar to hepatitis B have been found in ...
HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon
The HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon (HBV_epsilon) is an element essential for HBV virus replication. It is an RNA ... epsilon Duck HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon Hepatitis B virus PRE alpha Hepatitis B virus PRE beta Hepatitis B virus PRE ... "Hepatitis B virus replication". World J. Gastroenterol. 13 (1): 48-64. doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i1.48. PMC 4065876. PMID 17206754. ... Beck, J; Nassal, M (2003). "Efficient Hsp90-independent in vitro activation by Hsc70 and Hsp40 of duck hepatitis B virus ...
Deltabaculovirus
"Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021. ICTV ... Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing ... Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, ... The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and existing in occlusion bodies after cell death and remaining ...
Phlebovirus
Examples include the sandfly fever Turkey virus, Adria virus, Granada virus, Adana virus, and Medjerda virus, among others. The ... ISBN 978-3-642-20718-1. "Replication cycle of phleboviruses". Spiegel, Martin; Plegge, Teresa; Pöhlmann, Stefan (July 2016). " ... Saint Abb's Head virus "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. ... The following twelve viruses have been linked to disease in humans: Alenquer phlebovirus, Bhanja virus, Candiru phlebovirus, ...
Chlamydiamicrovirus
Replication follows the ssDNA rolling circle model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits ... Chlamydia virus Chp1 Chlamydia virus Chp2 Chlamydia virus CPAR39 Chlamydia virus CPG1 Viruses in Chlamydiamicrovirus are non- ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021. ... Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by pilus-mediated adsorption into the host cell. ...
Perhabdovirus
Replication follows the negative stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative stranded RNA virus transcription, using ... The virus exits the host cell by budding, and tubule-guided viral movement. Fish serve as the natural host. "Viral Zone". ... Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral G glycoproteins to host ... Diseases associated with viruses of this genus include: breathing and swimming problems. Perhabdovirions are enveloped, with ...
Virgaviridae
Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method ... Viruses include in the family Virgaviridae are characterized by unique alpha-like replication proteins.[citation needed] The ... The virus exits the host cell by tripartite non-tubule guided viral movement, and monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement ... The name of the family is derived from the Latin word virga (rod), as all viruses in this family are rod-shaped. There are ...
Macluravirus
Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method ... Description of Plant Viruses Pringle CR. Virus Taxonomy - San Diego 1998. Virus Division News Arch Virol 143/7 (1998) p. 1453 ... The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release" (html). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2019. Retrieved 26 November ...
Totiviridae
Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of ... Viruses in the family Totiviridae are non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA viruses with icosahedral geometries, and T=2 symmetry ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021. ... The virus exits the host cell by cell-to-cell movement. Giardia lamblia protozoa, leishmania protozoa, protozoan trichomonas ...
Oryzavirus
Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of ... Echinochloa ragged stunt virus Rice ragged stunt virus "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 ... The virus exits the host cell by monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement. The virus is transmitted via a vector (delphacid ... Oryzavirus is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae and subfamily Spinareovirinae. Member viruses ...
Comovirinae
Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021. ICTV ... The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are ... Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. ...