... investigating physiological phenomena in plants and then studying the structure and function of plant-pathogenic viruses in the ... Synergism between potato virus x and potato virus y was studied in vivo by classical methods as well as by ultrastructural, i.e ... U. Pfl.-schutz 89,612-615,1982 Sarkar, S.: Tobacco mosaic virus: Mutants and strains. In THE PLANT VIRUSES (M.H.V.van ... were infected with viruses or with their RNA with a high efficiency and used for physiological investigations. ...

... a physiological phenomenon of the lungs Health Purchasing Victoria, an Australian public authority High production volume ... HPV is human papillomavirus, a virus which causes human papillomavirus infection (HPV infection). HPV may also refer to: ...

Physiological phenomena whether at the cellular or molecular level in living organisms are driven either directly or indirectly ... Later, the technique was made quantitative by densitometry and successfully used to monitor peroxidase activity in virus ... physiological basis for disease resistance, developmental physiology and screening for commercially important enzymes and many ... using qualitative zymoblot is an indication of a physiological disorder, inflammatory reaction or pathogenic infection. In all ...

... primates marsupial monotreme Viruses DNA viruses - RNA viruses - retroviruses Plant body Organ systems: root - shoot - stem - ... Chronobiology - field of biology that examines periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms and their adaptation to solar- ... Behavioral neuroscience - study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and other animals ... Virology - study of viruses Molecular biology - study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, with some ...

Scientists have modified strains of viruses in order to study their behavior, as in the case of the H5N1 influenza virus. While ... These phenomena are known respectively as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Microbial strains can also be differentiated by ... term refers to the collective descendants produced from a common ancestor that share a uniform morphological or physiological ... a virus, bacterium or fungus). For example, a "flu strain" is a certain biological form of the influenza or "flu" virus. These ...

... foot and mouth disease virus, prions, and blue tongue virus), and plant viruses (tobacco and cucumber viruses) in a specific, ... Studies using these setups have been able to study dynamical phenomena like electroporation of membranes and ion translocation ... Apart from the increased stability of the electrode-cell interface, immobilization preserves the viability and physiological ... BERA has been used for the detection of human viruses (hepatitis B and C viruses and herpes viruses), veterinary disease agents ...

Any number of systems could be used for mapping electrical phenomena to mechanical phenomena, but two principle systems are ... viruses, vitamins, hormones, and genes had actual, real world substantial existence. They proceeded as though each imaginary ... electronic circuits can be used to represent both physiological and ecological systems. When a model is run on either an analog ... Analogical models are a method of representing a phenomenon of the world, often called the "target system" by another, more ...

... cell phenomena, and immunity G05 - genetic processes G06 - biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition G07 - physiological ... viruses B05 - fungi B06 - plants B07 - archaea B08 - mesomycetozoea C - Diseases C01 - bacterial infections and mycoses C02 - ... chemical and pharmacologic phenomena G13 - genetic phenomena G14 - genetic structures H - Physical Sciences H01 - natural ... virus diseases C03 - parasitic diseases C04 - neoplasms C05 - musculoskeletal diseases C06 - digestive system diseases C07 - ...

dsRNA forms the genetic material of some viruses (double-stranded RNA viruses). Double-stranded RNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA ... At first, regulatory RNA was thought to be a eukaryotic phenomenon, a part of the explanation for why so much more ... in stress responses because of their kinetic properties that allow for rapid response and stabilisation of the physiological ... Virol, J (May 2006). "Double-Stranded RNA Is Produced by Positive-Strand RNA Viruses and DNA Viruses but Not in Detectable ...

H. japonica have also been studied in order to determine the predictive ability of bone mineral density on the physiological ... Other frog species, at such temperatures, will accumulate ice, a phenomenon that proves lethal. This accumulation of ice was ... Climate and habitat change have both contributed to increased virus transmission. Aside from tadpoles, ranavirus infects many ... Bone mineral density was able to effectively evaluate food status and physiological condition in H. japonica. This finding ...

For a bacterium to bind, take up and recombine donor DNA into its own chromosome, it must first enter a special physiological ... ISBN 978-0-393-08881-6. Forterre P (2006). "Three RNA cells for ribosomal lineages and three DNA viruses to replicate their ... a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. Biofilms may be highly heterogeneous and structurally complex and may attach to solid ... Transduction of bacterial genes by bacteriophage appears to reflect an occasional error during intracellular assembly of virus ...

In humans, stress is a predictor of recurrences of herpes simplex virus outbreaks and Epstein-Barr virus. Parasite-altered ... This phenomenon has been observed in several species, with the most prominent examples including the ingestion of whole leaves ... Physiological and behavioral changes during reproduction are known to influence the immune system. Trade-offs occur between ... Luciani F, Alizon S (November 2009). "The evolutionary dynamics of a rapidly mutating virus within and between hosts: the case ...

Decades of research have shown the importance of primary relationships in both psychological and physiological well being. Yet ... More recently, Barack Obama's successful bid for the Presidency in 2008 exemplified a similar phenomenon, aided and accelerated ... in which subjects are quarantined and deliberately infected with a virus. Those who had contact in the prior two weeks with six ... phenomenon. Numerous studies underscore the importance of intimate relationships-and nothing in the conceptualization of ...

The insects are also affected by the cricket paralysis virus, which has caused high levels of fatalities in cricket-rearing ... Yong, Ed (9 May 2014). "The Silence of the Crickets, The Silence of the Crickets". Phenomena: A Science Salon. National ... Physiological Entomology. 8 (2): 151-166. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1983.tb00344.x. S2CID 85962428. Cade W. H. (1975). " ... Kurstak, Edouard; Kreuter, Jorg (1991). Virus of Invertebrates. CRC Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-8247-8469-0. Simon, Matt (30 May ...

"RNA Viruses in Hymenopteran Pollinators: Evidence of Inter-Taxa Virus Transmission via Pollen and Potential Impact on Non-Apis ... Whilst the specific physiological mechanisms by which immunity is produced differ sharply between the individual and society, ... Social immunity differs from similar phenomena that can occur in groups that are not truly social (e.g. herding animals). These ... effort in social immune responses - physiological and genomic studies have shown that social conditions can lead to a reduction ...

The physiological interaction between DIPs and the host, and the effect of DIPs on the replication of infectious standard virus ... He gave his name to the Von Magnus phenomenon. In the 1950s, together with his wife the virologist Herdis von Magnus, he ... He warned however, that such viruses were stable and easily cultured and therefore the emergence of a new virus with a more ... "Incomplete Forms of Influenza Virus", in Kenneth M. Smith and Max A. Lauffer's Advances in Virus Research, Volume 2, Academic ...

The phenomenon is termed sensitization of the metal centered complex (also referred to as antenna effect) and is quite complex ... Measurements can be done under physiological conditions in vitro with genetically encoded dyes, and often in vivo as well. The ... Traditional virus diagnostic procedures are being replaced by sensitive immunoassays with lanthanides. The time resolved ... These qualities are: water solubility, large thermodynamic stability at physiological pHs, kinetic inertness and absorption ...

The phenomenon has long been known in animals and plants. Heterosis appears to be largely due to genetic complementation, that ... Its use was key to defining most of the genes of the virus, and provided the foundation for the study of such fundamental ... "Physiological studies of conditional lethal mutants of bacteriophage T4D". Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 28: 375-394. ... Complementation tests can also be carried out with haploid eukaryotes such as fungi, with bacteria, and with viruses such as ...

... viruses, and their metabolites). Induced resistance of plants has 2 major modes of action: the SAR pathway and the ISR pathway ... the phenomenon of multi-effect of induced factors; (4) the effects of chemical induction factors on environmental factors; (5) ... "acquired physiological immunity", "resistance displacement", "plant immune function" and "induced system resistance." Many ... forms of stimulus have been found to induce the plant to the virus, bacteria and fungi and other disease resistance including ...

Also pattern III patients tend to be negative under the MRZ-reaction (measles, rubeola and zoster viruses) Baló's concentric ... Lucchinetti investigations, in Baló's concentric sclerosis, the rings may be caused by a physiological hypoxia (similar to that ... discuss the link between concentric sclerosis and Liesegang's periodic precipitation phenomenon and propose a new mechanism ... and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Pattern III lesions were for sometime thought to be a MS nascent lesion, though it is not ...

The phenomenon of prohormone conversion was discovered by Donald F. Steiner while examining the biosynthesis of insulin in 1967 ... Furin plays a role in the activation of several different virus proteins, and inhibitors of furin have been explored as ... Therefore, it is not surprising that it plays a major role in many physiological processes and pathologies, including cancer. ...

This phenomenon is demonstrated during the cell cycle. In the cell cycle, Paraspeckles are present during interphase and during ... From a viral aspect, NEAT1 levels have an observable impact on infections within cells with many different RNA viruses, ... The main insight into their physiological function is their location. Prominent Paraspeckles are only found in a subpopulation ... March 2017). "NEAT1 modulates herpes simplex virus-1 replication by regulating viral gene transcription". Cellular and ...

Physiological changes in nursing women, including an unusual milk supply and blocked milk ducts, cause nipple or breast ache. ... Other causes may include blocked milk ducts, tongue-tie, cracked nipples and nipple infections by yeasts, bacteria or viruses. ... Nursing mothers with psoriasis may develop Koebner phenomenon upon further nipple abrasion by infants in prolonged ... Viral infection with Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes nipple ulceration, soreness and pain. Infants feeding on an HSV infected ...

Observation of environmental phenomena (IMEDIAS) A demonstration of physical phenomena in space. (VIDEO) Amateur Radio on ISS ( ... ESA Monitoring Latent Virus Reactivation and Shedding in Crewmembers (VIRUS) - ESA PAthway DIfferent ACtivators (PADIAC) - ESA ... ESA Physiological parameters that predict orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight (AORTA) - ESA Physiological parameters that ... Monitoring Latent Virus Reactivation and Shedding in Crewmembers (VIRUS) PAthway DIfferent ACtivators (PADIAC) Role of ...

Some viruses also exhibit a dormant phase, called viral latency, in which the virus hides in the body in an inactive state. For ... For example, a third factor might be causing both the disease, and the associated phenomenon. Incurable disease A disease that ... a stage in the history of a pathological condition that begins with anatomical or physiological changes that are sufficient to ... For example, West Nile virus (the pathogen) causes West Nile fever (the disease). The misuse of basic definitions in ...

A similar phenomenon was observed with complexes of PAMAM and cisplatin. PAMAM dendrimers have also demonstrated intrinsic drug ... Although viral vectors can offer highly specific, high-efficiency transfection, the generation of such viruses is costly and ... which are positively ionized under physiological conditions. This could result in a PAMAM-DNA complex, which would make DNA ...

"CDC - Bloodborne Infectious Diseases - HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health ... The research and regulation of occupational safety and health are a relatively recent phenomenon. As labor movements arose in ... the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological ... "CDC - West Nile Virus - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic". Cc.gov. Retrieved 2015-09-03. "CDC - Veterinary Health Care: ...

Stimulus generalization is another learning phenomenon that can be illustrated by conditioned taste aversion. This phenomenon ... A human who eats sushi for the first time and who happens to come down with an unrelated stomach virus may still develop an ... This further shows the importance of taste and the correlation between taste and any change in physiological state, whether it ...

Characters speculate about the cause of the phenomenon; suggestions at various times include a spaceborne virus, divine ... The zombies have no true physiological need for flesh, nor can their expired digestive organs derive sustenance from it at all ... The films deal with how different people react to the same phenomenon ranging from citizens to police to army officials and ... Instead of being spread from person to person, the phenomenon presents itself in any human that has recently died from any ...

This could be due to a variety of factors such as changes in physiological effect or changes in resource levels. The ants in ... In 2008, the chronic bee paralysis virus was reported for the first time in this and another species of ants, Camponotus vagus ... Moli, Francesco Le; Passetti, Maria (1978). "Olfactory Learning Phenomena and Cocoon Nursing Behaviour in the Ant Formica Rufa ... One possibility is that monogynous nests due to environmental and physiological conditions may take up new queens. Sometimes in ...