... Look up metabolism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Metabolism. General ... The metabolism of cancer cells is also different from the metabolism of normal cells, and these differences can be used to find ... "metabolism , Origin and meaning of metabolism by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Archived from the original ... The first pathways of enzyme-based metabolism may have been parts of purine nucleotide metabolism, while previous metabolic ...

Metabolism of ionizing radiation was theorized as early as 1956 by the Russian microbiologist S. I. Kuznetsov. Beginning in the ... Radiosynthesis is the theorized capture and metabolism, by living organisms, of energy from ionizing radiation, analogously to ...

Studies on flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway during D-xylose metabolism have revealed that limiting the rate ... Since the pentose phosphate pathway produces additional NADPH during metabolism, limiting this step will help to correct the ... However, the effectiveness of D-xylose metabolizing laboratory strains do not always reflect their metabolism abilities on raw ... and XDH enzyme levels have been tested in the laboratory in the attempt to optimize the efficiency of the D-xylose metabolism ...

The biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids involves a number of enzymes. In plants, all phenylpropanoids are derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, a.k.a. phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase) is an enzyme that transforms L-phenylalanine and tyrosine into trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, respectively. Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase) is the enzyme that transforms trans-cinnamate into 4-hydroxycinnamate (p-coumaric acid). 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase is the enzyme that transforms 4-coumarate (p-coumaric acid) into 4-coumaroyl-CoA. Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), an enzyme that transforms cinnamyl alcohol into cinnamaldehyde Sinapine esterase, an enzyme that transforms sinapoylcholine into sinapate (sinapic acid) and choline Trans-cinnamate 2-monooxygenase, an enzyme that transforms trans-cinnamate (cinnamic acid) into 2-hydroxycinnamate Caffeate O-methyltransferase, an enzyme that transforms caffeic acid into ferulic ...

"Urban Metabolism" - Encyclopedia of the Earth article Metabolism of Cities - Research hub with publications, datasets and tools ... It wasn't until 1965 when Abel Wolman fully developed and used the term urban metabolism in his work, "The Metabolism of Cities ... Industrial ecology Industrial metabolism Social metabolism MuSIASEM Urban ecology Pincetl, S., Bunje, P., & Holmes, T. (2012). ... Urban metabolism has been proven to be a necessary tool for measuring levels of greenhouse gas because it is an out-put or ...

... refers to the metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines that are present in many organisms. ... Purine metabolism can have imbalances that can arise from harmful nucleotide triphosphates incorporating into DNA and RNA which ... Modulation of purine metabolism has pharmacotherapeutic value. Purine synthesis inhibitors inhibit the proliferation of cells, ... February 2012). "Defects in purine nucleotide metabolism lead to substantial incorporation of xanthine and hypoxanthine into ...

In human cysteine metabolism,[citation needed] L-cysteine is consumed in several ways as shown below. L-Cysteine is also ... Cysteine metabolism refers to the biological pathways that consume or create cysteine. The pathways of different amino acids ... In addition to the reactions below, L-cysteine is also a product of glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Stipanuk MH, ... D-cysteine desulfhydrase Sulfur metabolism (All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from ...

... or socioeconomic metabolism is the set of flows of materials and energy that occur between nature and society ... Social metabolism represents an extension of the metabolism concept from biological organisms like human bodies to the ... Focusing on the energy dimension of social metabolism (i.e. the energetic metabolism), Sieferle suggested that it is possible ... "Social Metabolism: Origins, History, Approaches, and Main Publications", The Social Metabolism: A Socio-Ecological Theory of ...

Metabolism." "Journals Ranked by Impact: Endocrinology & Metabolism". 2020 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed ... Cell Metabolism is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering physiology, with an emphasis on understanding the ...

Stream metabolism Metabolism Vazquez, Alexei (2017-10-27). Overflow Metabolism: From Yeast to Marathon Runners. Academic Press ... "An upper limit on Gibbs energy dissipation governs cellular metabolism" (PDF). Nature Metabolism. 1 (1): 125-132. doi:10.1038/ ... Overflow metabolism refers to the seemingly wasteful strategy in which cells incompletely oxidize their growth substrate (e.g. ... That is, if the cell were to produce enough of these enzymes to support fast growth with respiratory metabolism, it would ...

Microbial metabolism Sulfur cycle Loka Bharathi, P. A. (2008-01-01), "Sulfur Cycle", in Fath, Brian (ed.), Encyclopedia of ... Nimni ME, Han B, Cordoba F (2007). "Are we getting enough sulfur in our diet?". Nutrition & Metabolism (Lond). 4 (1): 24. doi: ... doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04103.x. Dahl, Christiane; Friedrich, Cornelius G. (2008). Microbial sulfur metabolism. Berlin: ... Frigaard, Niels-Ulrik; Dahl, Christiane (2008-01-01), Poole, Robert K. (ed.), Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Sulfur Bacteria ...

... , often referred to as aquatic ecosystem metabolism in both freshwater (lakes, rivers, wetlands, streams, ... Overflow metabolism Lake metabolism Apparent oxygen utilisation Odum, Howard T., "Primary production in flowing waters", ... Analogous to metabolism within an individual organism, stream metabolism represents how energy is created (primary production) ... Stream metabolism can be influenced by a variety of factors, including physical characteristics of the stream (slope, width, ...

... is the movement and regulation of calcium ions (Ca2+) in (via the gut) and out (via the gut and kidneys) of ... 276-277 An important aspect of calcium metabolism is plasma calcium homeostasis, the regulation of calcium ions in the blood ...

... (also called specialized metabolism) is a term for pathways and small molecule products of metabolism that ... such as ionone Plant secondary metabolism Phytochemistry "Botany online: The Secondary Metabolism of Plants: Secondary Defence ... As an example can serve sterols, that are products of secondary metabolism, and, at the same time, represent a base for a cell ... Cavalier-Smith, T. (1992). "Origins of secondary metabolism". Ciba Foundation Symposium. Novartis Foundation Symposia. 171: 64- ...

... is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and ... This form of metabolism occurs in members of the Planctomycetota (e.g. "Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans") and involves the ... All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles: 1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesizing ... Aerobic metabolism occurs in Bacteria, Archaea and Eucarya. Although most bacterial species are anaerobic, many are facultative ...

... denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids ( ... "Protein Metabolism". Encyclopedia.com. 7 October 2020. Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC. , Dietary protein and the blood glucose ...

Biology portal Carbohydrate+metabolism at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) BBC - GCSE ... Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of the biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic formation, breakdown, and ... Many steps of carbohydrate metabolism allow the cells to access energy and store it more transiently in ATP. The cofactors NAD+ ... Brockman, R P (March 1978). "Roles of glucagon and insulin in the regulation of metabolism in ruminants. A review". The ...

Industrial metabolism Social metabolism Urban metabolism Information metabolism Earth's energy budget World energy supply and ... It comprises both industrial metabolism and urban metabolism. In layman's terms, anthropogenic metabolism indicates the human ... Anthropogenic metabolism, also referred to as metabolism of the anthroposphere, is a term used in industrial ecology, material ... Anthropogenic metabolism can be seen as synonymous to social or socioeconomic metabolism. ...

Since lipids are hydrophobic molecules, they need to be solubilized before their metabolism can begin. Lipid metabolism often ... Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy ... Lipid metabolism is often considered as the digestion and absorption process of dietary fat; however, there are two sources of ... Lipid metabolism also occurs in plants, though the processes differ in some ways when compared to animals. The second step ...

Variations in genes influence alcohol metabolism and drinking behavior. The reaction from ethanol to carbon dioxide and water ... glycerolipid metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis pathways. If the body had no mechanism for catabolizing the alcohols, they ... meaning that ethanol is capable of inducing its own metabolism. Ethanol has indeed been observed to be cleared more quickly by ... Drug Metabolism Reviews. 36 (3-4): 511-529. doi:10.1081/dmr-200033441. PMID 15554233. S2CID 27992318. Pregnancy and Alcohol ...

"Molecular Metabolism Review Speed". "Molecular Metabolism". 2020 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). ... Molecular Metabolism is a monthly peer-reviewed open-access journal publishing research articles, reviews and commentaries in ...

Modulating the pyrimidine metabolism pharmacologically has therapeutical uses, and could implement in cancer treatment. ... Garavito MF, Narváez-Ortiz HY, Zimmermann BH (May 2015). "Pyrimidine Metabolism: Dynamic and Versatile Pathways in Pathogens ... a new probe for the metabolism of DNA and RNA in normal and tumorous tissue". Cancer Research. 34 (6): 1381-4. PMID 4363656. ... "Higher order structures in purine and pyrimidine metabolism". Journal of Structural Biology. 197 (3): 354-364. doi:10.1016/j. ...

"Nature metabolism". PubMed. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2022-07-14. "Nature Metabolism". Web of ... "Nature Metabolism". Scopus. Retrieved 2022-07-14. "Journals Ranked by Impact: Endocrinology & Metabolism". 2021 Journal ... Metabolism". "Displaying Record for Publication: Nature Metabolism". CASSI. Chemical Abstracts Service. Retrieved 2022-07-14. " ... Nature Metabolism is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in 2019. The ...

The metabolism of pharmaceutical drugs is an important aspect of pharmacology and medicine. For example, the rate of metabolism ... of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database SPORCalc Drug metabolism Small Molecule Drug Metabolism Drug metabolism ... Drug metabolism is divided into three phases. In phase I, enzymes such as cytochrome P450 oxidases introduce reactive or polar ... Phase I metabolism of drug candidates can be simulated in the laboratory using non-enzyme catalysts. This example of a ...

... : Theory and policy. In: Ayres, R.U., Simonis, U.K. (Eds.), Industrial Metabolism: Restructuring for ... Industrial metabolism is a subsystem of the anthropogenic or socioeconomic metabolism, which also comprises non-industrial ... Industrial ecology Material flow accounting Material flow analysis Information metabolism Social metabolism Urban metabolism ... Industrial metabolism is a concept to describe the material and energy turnover of industrial systems. It was proposed by ...

... , sometimes referred to as informational metabolism or energetic-informational metabolism, is a ... For the sake of analysis, one may think of energy metabolism and information metabolism as separate processes. Kępiński ... Time and the Self in Antoni Kępiński's Conception of Information Metabolism Description of information metabolism on Wikisocion ... Information metabolism is the other side of the same process, but it concerns the structural aspect (i.e. how matter and energy ...

These changes are observed with regards to glucose metabolism. The changes in metabolism occur because the rate of metabolism ... These materials can be obtained from carbon metabolism (e.g. glucose metabolism) or from peripheral metabolism. The enhanced ... The function of the central carbon metabolism (metabolism of glucose) has been fine-tuned to exactly meet the needs of the ... Cellular metabolism is represented by a large number of metabolic reactions involving the conversion of the carbon source ( ...

Although daily estimates of metabolism are most common, whole-lake metabolism can be integrated over longer time periods such ... In terms of the organisms contributing to metabolism in each of these zones, limnetic metabolism is dominated by phytoplankton ... The influence of these constituents on organismal metabolism ultimately governs metabolism at the whole-lake scale and can ... many lake metabolism studies only have a single epilimnetic estimate of metabolism, however, this may overestimate metabolic ...

1960). Metabolism 1960: The Proposals for a New Urbanism. Bijutsu Shuppan Sha. Kisho Kurokawa (1977). Metabolism in ... The translation he found was the word Metabolism. The group's manifesto Metabolism: The Proposals for New Urbanism was ... The icon of Metabolism, Kurokawa's Nakagin Capsule Tower was erected in the Ginza district of Tokyo in 1972 and completed in ... Metabolism developed during the post war period in a Japan that questioned its cultural identity. Initially the group had ...

Secondary metabolism is connected to primary metabolism by using building blocks and biosynthetic enzymes derived from primary ... Secondary metabolism produces a large number of specialized compounds (estimated 200,000) that do not aid in the growth and ... Primary metabolism governs all basic physiological processes that allow a plant to grow and set seeds, by translating the ... Primary metabolism in a plant comprises all metabolic pathways that are essential to the plant's survival. Primary metabolites ...