Malate dehydrogenase
Malate dehydrogenases catalyzes the interconversion of malate to oxaloacetate. In the citric acid cycle, malate dehydrogenase ... The ΔG'° of malate dehydrogenase is +29.7 kJ/mol and the ΔG (in the cell) is 0 kJ/mol. Malate dehydrogenase is also involved in ... This promotes the binding of malate dehydrogenase to these substrates. As a result, at lower pH values malate dehydrogenase ... Humans and most other mammals express the following two malate dehydrogenases: The malate dehydrogenase family contains L- ...
Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
... (EC 1.1.1.39) or NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... malate and NAD+, whereas its three products are pyruvate, CO2, and NADH. Malate is oxidized to pyruvate and CO2, and NAD+ is ... Saz HJ, Hubbard JA (1957). "The oxidative decarboxylation of malate by Ascaris lumbricoides". J. Biol. Chem. 225 (2): 921-933. ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating). This enzyme participates in ...
Malate dehydrogenase 2
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial also known as malate dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MDH2 ... In addition, association of malate dehydrogenase with these other two enzymes enhances malate dehydrogenase activity due to a ... Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in ... Citrate also inhibits malate oxidation, but only at low malate or NAD concentrations. When both malate and NAD concentrations ...
Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
... malate NADP+ dehydrogenase, NADP+ malate dehydrogenase, NADP+-linked malate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase (NADP+). ... In enzymology, a malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.82) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-malate + ... Other names in common use include NADP+-malic enzyme, NADP+-malate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine ... Johnson HS (1971). "NADP-malate dehydrogenase: photoactivation in leaves of plants with Calvin cycle photosynthesis". Biochem. ...
Malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
In enzymology, a malate dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.1.5.4), formerly malate dehydrogenase (acceptor) (EC 1.1.99.16), is an ... Other names in common use include FAD-dependent malate-vitamin K reductase, malate-vitamin K reductase, and (S)-malate:(quinone ... Imai T (1978). "FAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, a phospholipid-requiring enzyme from Mycobacterium sp. strain Takeo. ... Imai D; Brodie AF (1973). "A phospholipid-requiring enzyme, malate-vitamin K reductase". J. Biol. Chem. 248: 7487-7494. ...
Malate dehydrogenase (disambiguation)
Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) or NAD-malic enzyme Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) Malate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) Malate ... or NADP-malic enzyme Malate dehydrogenase (quinone) D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) Malate dehydrogenase 2 This ... Malate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate using the reduction of NAD+ ... dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating), another NAD-malic enzyme Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) ( ...
Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
In enzymology, a malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating). Other names in ... malate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are pyruvate, CO2, and NADH. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, ... reaction below (S)-malate + NAD+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyruvate + CO2 + NADH Thus, the two substrates of this ...
D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
Other names in common use include D-malate dehydrogenase, D-malic enzyme, bifunctional L(+)-tartrate dehydrogenase-D(+)-malate ... a D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.83) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (R)-malate + NAD+ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is (R)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating). ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyruvate + CO2 + NADH Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (R)-malate and NAD+, ...
Malate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)
... malate dehydrogenase (NAD+)), EC 1.1.1.82 (malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) and EC 1.1.5.4 (malate dehydrogenase (quinone)). ... Malate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (EC 1.1.1.299, MdH II, NAD(P)+-dependent malate dehyrogenase) is an enzyme with systematic name ... "Two malate dehydrogenases in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum". Archives of Microbiology. 170 (1): 38-42. doi:10.1007/ ... S)-malate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction (S)-malate + NAD(P)+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \ ...
Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+)
... (EC 1.1.1.40) or NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is an enzyme that ... malate and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are pyruvate, CO2, and NADPH. Malate is oxidized to pyruvate and CO2, and NADP+ is ... C4 NADP-ME has been shown to be partially inhibited by its substrate, malate, suggesting two independent binding sites: one at ... 1. Conversion of malate into pyruvate". The Biochemical Journal. 73 (4): 646-54. doi:10.1042/bj0730646. PMC 1197115. PMID ...
Malate oxidase
... malate dehydrogenase 2 (NAD)) is found in the mitochondrial matrix. Malate oxidase belongs to the family of malate ... In this case, malate oxidase is qualified as malate dehydrogenase (quinone). In mutant strains of Escherichia coli lacking the ... Malate oxidase is induced only in cells, which completely lack the activity of NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase. Irradiation ... It is suggested that products of malate dehydrogenase could be responsible for repression of malate oxidase. This would confirm ...
MDH1
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic also known as malate dehydrogenase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MDH1 gene ... Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in ... "Ability of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase to increase the ratio of NADPH to NADH oxidation by ... "Entrez Gene: Malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble)". Kim EY, Kim WK, Kang HJ, Kim JH, Chung SJ, Seo YS, Park SG, Lee SC, Bae KH ...
Caloric restriction mimetic
Lee, S.m.; Dho, S.H.; Maeng, J.S.; Kim, J.Y.; Kwon, K.S. (2012). "Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase regulates senescence in human ... in the NAD+/NADH ratio is due to the reaction of oxaloacetate to malate in the cytoplasm via the enzyme malate dehydrogenase. ... Haslam, J.M.; Krebs, H.A. (1968). "The permeabiliity of mitochondria to oxaloacetate and malate". Biochem J. 107 (5): 659-67. ... Edwards, Clair B.; Copes, Neil; Brito, Andres G.; Canfield, John; Bradshaw, Patrick C. (2013). "Malate and Fumarate Extend ...
Citrate-malate shuttle
"MDH - malate dehydrogenase (thale cress)". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-28. PubChem. "mMDH1 - Lactate/malate ... "PMDH1 - peroxisomal NAD-malate dehydrogenase 1 (thale cress)". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-28. PubChem. "PMDH2 ... Malate would be transported by the malate shuttle, moving from cytosol to matrix. It is a highly efficient transport system. At ... The citrate-malate shuttle system consists of citrate shuttle and malate shuttle, which are carrier proteins. Carrier proteins ...
Joel Sussman
PMID 10639129 Dym, O.; Mevarech, M.; Sussman, J.L. (1995). "Structural features that stabilize Halophilic malate dehydrogenase ...
Holotomography
"Enhanced succinic acid production by Mannheimia employing optimal malate dehydrogenase". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 1970. ...
Macromonas bipunctata
"Isolation and properties of malate dehydrogenase from Meso-and thermophilic bacteria". Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. ...
Enzyme kinetics
For example, oxaloacetate is formed by malate dehydrogenase within the mitochondrion. Oxaloacetate can then be consumed by ... the NAD-dependent dehydrogenases such as alcohol dehydrogenase, which catalyses the oxidation of ethanol by NAD+. Reactions ... glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase has three substrates and two products. When enzymes bind multiple substrates, such as ...
Mir-1 microRNA precursor family
November 2009). "Malate dehydrogenase is negatively regulated by miR-1 in Trichomonas vaginalis". Parasitology Research. 105 (6 ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Jameson DM, Thomas V, Zhou DM (1989). "Time-resolved fluorescence studies on NADH bound to mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase ... including glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. In healthy mammalian tissues, estimates of the ... Lesk AM (1995). "NAD-binding domains of dehydrogenases". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 5 (6): 775-83. doi:10.1016/0959-440X(95) ... ISBN 978-0-911910-27-8. Biellmann JF, Lapinte C, Haid E, Weimann G (1979). "Structure of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
Malate dehydrogenases that catalyse the interconversion of malate to oxaloacetate and participate in the citric acid cycle, and ... Wilks HM, Holbrook JJ (December 1988). "A Specific, Highly Active Malate Dehydrogenase by Redesign of a Lactate Dehydrogenase ... Madern D (2002). "Molecular evolution within the L-malate and L-lactate dehydrogenase super-family". J Mol Evol. 54 (6): 825-40 ... Lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency is caused by a mutation to the LDHA gene, while lactate dehydrogenase-B deficiency is caused ...
Pyruvate carboxylase
As such OAA is converted into malate by mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH). After export into the cytosol, malate is ... MacDonald MJ, Tang J, Polonsky KS (Nov 1996). "Low mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase in ... "Biochemical mechanism of lipid-induced impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and reversal with a malate analogue ... "Normalization by insulin of low mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase in pancreatic islets of ...
Visnagin
"Visnagin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy through modulation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase". Science ... "visnagin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy through modulation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase." ...
Aspergillus versicolor
Other proteins include sorbitol reductase, catalase, enolase, malate dehydrogenase, and Asp v 13. It is common in developed ... with the most abundant being glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. ...
Anaplerotic reactions
The malate is created by PEP carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase in the cytosol. Malate, in the mitochondrial matrix, can be ...
GOT2
Fahien LA, Kmiotek EH, MacDonald MJ, Fibich B, Mandic M (Aug 1988). "Regulation of malate dehydrogenase activity by glutamate, ... Therefore, the malate-aspartate shuttle promotes the net transfer of cytosolic NADH into mitochondria to ensure a high rate of ... Also, GOT2 is a major participant in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which is a passage from the cytosol to the mitochondria. The ... Therefore, the malate-aspartate shuttle is needed to transfer reducing equivalents across the mitochondrial membrane for energy ...
Malate-aspartate shuttle
... mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. The two malate dehydrogenases are differentiated by ... The primary enzyme in the malate-aspartate shuttle is malate dehydrogenase. Malate dehydrogenase is present in two forms in the ... After malate reaches the mitochondrial matrix, it is converted by mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase into oxaloacetate, during ... First, in the cytosol, malate dehydrogenase catalyses the reaction of oxaloacetate and NADH to produce malate and NAD+. In this ...
L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
L-2-hydroxyglutarate is produced by promiscuous action of malate dehydrogenase on 2-oxoglutarate; L-2-hydroxyglutarate ... similar to the Mammalian Metabolic Repair Mechanism Involving Malate Dehydrogenase and l-2-Hydroxyglutarate Dehydrogenase". ... 2-oxidoreductase alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (NAD+ specific) alpha- ... Achouri Y, Noël G, Vertommen D, Rider MH, Veiga-Da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E (Jul 2004). "Identification of a dehydrogenase ...
Stop codon
In the case of human malate dehydrogenase, the stop codon is read through with a frequency of about 4%. The amino acid inserted ... "The functional readthrough extension of malate dehydrogenase reveals a modification of the genetic code". Open Biol. 6 (11): ... Schueren F, Lingner T, George R, Hofhuis J, Gartner J, Thoms S (2014). "Peroxisomal lactate dehydrogenase is generated by ... "A novel nonstop mutation in the stop codon and a novel missense mutation in the type II 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( ...
Genetic code
... researchers studying the translation of malate dehydrogenase found that in about 4% of the mRNAs encoding this enzyme the stop ... "The functional readthrough extension of malate dehydrogenase reveals a modification of the genetic code". Open Biol. 6 (11): ... Schueren F, Lingner T, George R, Hofhuis J, Gartner J, Thoms S (2014). "Peroxisomal lactate dehydrogenase is generated by ...