Gibberellin
The gibberellins are named GA1 through GAn in order of discovery. Gibberellic acid, which was the first gibberellin to be ... Gibberellin A1 (GA1) Gibberellic acid (GA3) ent-Gibberellane ent-Kaurene Gibberellins are involved in the natural process of ... In the model for gibberellin-induced production of α-amylase, it is demonstrated that gibberellins (denoted by GA) produced in ... "Gibberellins". AccessScience. doi:10.1036/1097-8542.289000. Yamaguchi S (2008). "Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation". ...
Gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase
In enzymology, a gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction gibberellin 1 ... Smith VA, MacMillan J (1986). "The partial-purification and characterization of gibberellin 2beta-hydroxylases from seeds of ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is (gibberellin-1),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2beta-hydroxylating). This ... CO2 The 3 substrates of this enzyme are gibberellin 1, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 2beta- ...
Gibberellin-44 dioxygenase
In enzymology, a gibberellin-44 dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction gibberellin 44 + ... Other names in common use include oxygenase, gibberellin A44 oxidase, and (gibberellin-44), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen ... CO2 The 3 substrates of this enzyme are gibberellin 44, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are gibberellin 19, ... Gilmour SJ, Bleecker AB, Zeevaart JA (1987). "Partial-purification of gibberellin oxidases from spinach leaves". Plant Physiol ...
Gibberellin 3beta-dioxygenase
In enzymology, a gibberellin 3beta-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction gibberellin 20 ... CO2 The 3 substrates of this enzyme are gibberellin 20, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are gibberellin 1, ... Kwak SS, Kamiya Y, Sakurai A, Takahishi N, Graebe JE (1988). "Partial-purification and characterization of gibberellin 3beta- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is (gibberellin-20), 2-oxoglutarate: oxygen oxidoreductase (3beta-hydroxylating). ...
Gibberellin beta-D-glucosyltransferase
... gibberellin 2-O-beta-D-glucoside Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and gibberellin, whereas its two ... In enzymology, a gibberellin beta-D-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.176) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:gibberellin 2-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use ... Sembdner G, Knoefel HD, Schwarzkopf E, Liebisch HW (1985). "In vitro glucosylation of gibberellins". Biol. Plant. 27 (2-3): 231 ...
Uniconazole
It is active on a wide range of plants and acts by inhibiting the production of gibberellins. Uniconazole is applied to plants ... One way to reverse excessive stunting is to apply gibberellins A4 + A7 and benzyl adenine. In the United States a product ... Gibberellins. Springer New York. pp. 330-338. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3002-1_32. ISBN 9781461277545. "Growth Regulators for ...
Antheridiogen
The way in which antheridiogen determines sex in ferns is a "spatiotemporally split gibberellin synthesis pathway". Gibberellin ... In the first step of this process, gametophytes, or prothalli, express gibberellin (GA) specific genes, which produces a GA ... Takeno, K. (1991). "Antheridiogen, Gibberellin, and the Control of Sex Differentiation in Gametophytes of the Fern Lygodium ... Gao, Xiuhua; Zhang, Yingying; He, Zuhua; Fu, Xiangdong (2017). "Gibberellins". Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants. pp. ...
Methyl 2-bromoacetate
Upper, Christen D.; West, Charles A. (July 1967). "Biosynthesis of Gibberellins". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 242 (14): ...
Lombardo methylenation
Application to gibberellins". Tetrahedron Letters. 23 (41): 4293-4296. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)88728-6. Wang, Zerong (15 ...
Gibberella
... gibberellin, was derived from this fungus. Gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation, flower formation, and ... Hu, Yilong; Zhou, Limeng; Huang, Mingkun; He, Xuemei; Yang, Yuhua; Liu, Xu; Li, Yuge; Hou, Xingliang (2018). "Gibberellins play ... "Chapter Gibberellins". Plant Physiology, Development and Metabolism. Singapore: Springer. pp. 617-628. ...
Paclobutrazol
It is a known antagonist of the plant hormone gibberellin, acting by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis, reducing internodal ... "Gibberellin Receptor and Its Role in Gibberellin Signaling in Plants". Annual Review of Plant Biology. Annual Reviews. 58 (1): ... As an antagonist of gibberellin biosynthesis, PBZ has a growth retardant effect on most plant species. It is absorbed by plant ... The (2S,3S) isomer inhibits the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase which is on the main biosynthetic pathway to gibberellins, which are ...
Sylvan Wittwer
Wittwer developed a chemical known as Gibberellins. He wrote Feeding a Billion (1987) and Food, Climate, and Carbon Dioxide: ...
Birch reduction
Analogs of ring a of the gibberellins". J. Org. Chem. 34: 126-135. doi:10.1021/jo00838a030. Taber, D. F.; Gunn, B.P; Ching Chiu ...
Plant hormone
Gibberellins breaks the dormancy (in active stage) in seeds and buds and helps increasing the height of the plant. It helps in ... Gibberellins (GAs) include a large range of chemicals that are produced naturally within plants and by fungi. They were first ... In other plants, as ABA levels decrease, growth then commences as gibberellin levels increase. Without ABA, buds and seeds ... Rademacher W (1994). "Gibberellin formation in microorganisms". Plant Growth Regulation. 15 (3): 303-314. doi:10.1007/ ...
Lew Mander
He has widely explored the synthesis and chemistry of the gibberellin class of diterpenes over a 20-year period at the ... Mander, L. N. Twenty years of gibberellin research. Natural Product Reports, 2003, 20, 49-69. Mander, L. N. and McLachlan, M. M ... Eventually, he turned his research skills to "...the gibberellin family of plant bioregulators". He further developed his ... Other interests include: Synthesis and preparation of semi-synthetic derivatives of gibberellins. Molecular basis of plant ...
Hydroclathrus
... and gibberellin; pigments: carotene, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, fucoxanthin; polysaccharides/simple sugars: alginic acid, ...
Rice
Gibberellin Insensitive) and SLR1 (Slender Rice). Disruption of gibberellin signaling can lead to significantly reduced stem ... Yamaguchi, S. (2008). "Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59 (1): 225-251. doi:10.1146 ... Scientists have identified and cloned many genes involved in the gibberellin signaling pathway, including GAI1 ( ...
Jake MacMillan
... eventually yielding milligram quantities of Gibberellin A1 (GA1). More gibberellins were to follow and their structures ... MacMillan's next project at ICI was on the plant hormones gibberellins, which were first known as fungal metabolites. In the ... He "became renowned for his work on isolating, naming and determining the chemical structure of gibberellins, which regulate ... in combination with mass spectrometry GC-MS to identify a range of gibberellins. The results were presented at the Sixth ...
Potato
"Regulation of potato tuberization by daylength and gibberellins" (PDF). International Journal of Developmental Biology (45): ...
Gibberellic acid
Gibberellins have a number of effects on plant development. They can stimulate rapid stem and root growth, induce mitotic ... Abscisic acid (ABA) Gibberellin Plant hormone 6-Benzylaminopurine Auxin Silva ALL, Rodrigues C, Costa JL, Machado MP, Penha RO ... Gibberellic acid (also called gibberellin A3 or GA3) is a hormone found in plants and fungi. Its chemical formula is C19H22O6. ... Gibberellic acid is a simple gibberellin, a pentacyclic diterpene acid promoting growth and elongation of cells. It affects ...
Bruce Voeller
Voeller, B. R. (1964). "Gibberellins: Their Effect on Antheridium Formation in Fern Gametophytes". Science. 143 (3604): 373-375 ...
SWEET transporters
They also seem to transport other metabolites, like gibberellins. The generalized reaction catalyzed by known proteins of this ... "AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14 regulate gibberellin-mediated physiological processes". Nat Commun. 7 (13245): 13245. Bibcode:2016NatCo ...
Auxin
The effect is stronger if gibberellins are also present. Auxin also stimulates cell division if cytokinins are present. When ...
Brassinolide
... and gibberellin are both interdependent. BZR1 in Arabidsopsis inhibits DELLAs a negative regulator of gibberellin ... Thus, the activity at the promoter for binding is reduced, so gibberellin promotes cell elongation. And DELLAs interaction ...
Ent-Copalyl diphosphate synthase
Gibberellins form an important group of plant hormones, with various functions in different species and at different stages of ... However, gibberellins are not the only phytochemicals produced from ent-copalyl pyrophosphate. A wide range of secondary ... Disorders in gibberellin biosynthesis commonly show themselves as growth disorders, particularly as dwarfism, and some of those ... The reaction catalyzed by ent-kaurene synthase is the next step in the biosynthetic pathway to gibberellins. The two types of ...
Etioplast
This is stimulated by plant growth hormones: cytokinins and gibberellins. The structure of PLB itself is almost immediately ...
ABC model of flower development
Plant hormones play an important part in the process, with the gibberellins having a particularly important role. There are ... Gotha, Ettlinger; paragraph 120." Blazquez, MA; Green, R; Nilsson, O; Sussman, MR; Weigel, D (1998). "Gibberellins promote ... vernalization and gibberellins. The meristem can be defined as the tissue or group of plant tissues that contain ...
Null allele
"A mutant gibberellin-synthesis gene in rice". Nature. 416 (6882): 701-702. doi:10.1038/416701a. PMID 11961544. S2CID 4414560. ...
Diana Beresford-Kroeger
Her thesis was: Frost Resistance and Gibberellins in the Plant Kingdom. She applied scientific testing to plant and human ...
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
It is also the precursor to carotenoids, gibberellins, tocopherols, and chlorophylls. It is also a precursor to ...