The convergence near-point test. The subject fixates an object that is moved toward the nose until divergence of one eye occurs ... Ocular dominance, sometimes called eye preference or eyedness, is the tendency to prefer visual input from one eye to the other ... Ocular dominance column Right- and left-hand traffic Chaurasia BD, Mathur BB (1976). "Eyedness". Acta Anatomica. 96 (2): 301-5 ... Handa T, Mukuno K, Uozato H, Niida T, Shoji N, Minei R, Nitta M, Shimizu K (April 2004). "Ocular dominance and patient ...
Kushner BJ (2004). "Ocular torsion: rotations around the 'WHY' axis". J AAPOS. 8 (1): 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2003.09.004. ... Kushner BJ (2005). "The treatment of convergence insufficiency". Arch Ophthalmol. 123 (1): 100-1. doi:10.1001/archopht.123.1. ...
... is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type ... Causes include: Refractive errors Divergence insufficiency Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or ... Eckstein, AK; Fischer, M; Esser, J (1998). "Normal accommodative convergence excess--long-term follow-up of conservative ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, ...
The over-convergence associated with the extra accommodation required to overcome a hyperopic refractive error can precipitate ... These problems may directly affect the extra-ocular muscles themselves, and may also result from conditions affecting the nerve ... The person with hyperopia, in an attempt to "accommodate" or focus the eyes, converges the eyes as well, as convergence is ... Even though they are exerting a normal amount of accommodative or 'focusing' effort, the amount of convergence associated with ...
Convergence micropsia Dissociated vertical deviation Eye tracking Gaze-contingency paradigm Listing's law Microsaccade Ocular ... Vergence movement or convergence is the movement of both eyes to make sure that the image of the object being looked at falls ... Gaze-stabilising movement may include the vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic reflex, and gaze-shifting mechanisms as ...
... disease Ocular albinism Ocular coloboma-imperforate anus Ocular convergence spasm Ocular histoplasmosis Ocular melanoma Ocular ... motility disorders Ocular toxoplasmosis Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum Oculo cerebral dysplasia Oculo cerebro acral syndrome ...
... convergence by asking patient to report when blur is appreciated progress of a patient undergoing management for ocular ... The divergence amplitude should be measured before convergence, as measuring the convergence amplitude first could contaminate ... Convergence insufficiency - usually associated with accommodative difficulties, the fusional convergence range of these ... Convergence must be measured second to divergence or results will be contaminated. Can only be performed on patients with BSV ...
Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction). ... Convergence insufficiency can cause difficulty learning to read. Convergence insufficiency may be treated with convergence ... Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Study, Group (Jan-Feb 2008). "The convergence insufficiency treatment trial: ... "Does Convergence Insufficiency Impact Reading?". Optometrists.org. Retrieved 2022-05-26. "Convergence Insufficiency , National ...
... convergence, ocular MeSH G11.697.716.260.253 - fixation, ocular MeSH G11.697.716.260.378 - nystagmus, physiologic MeSH G11.697. ... ocular MeSH G11.697.716.154 - adaptation, ocular MeSH G11.697.716.154.371 - dark adaptation MeSH G11.697.716.182 - blinking ... ocular MeSH G11.697.677.330 - evoked potentials, visual MeSH G11.697.677.340 - eye color MeSH G11.697.677.360 - figural ... ocular MeSH G11.697.677.911 - vision MeSH G11.697.677.911.500 - phosphenes MeSH G11.697.677.911.700 - vision, binocular MeSH ...
These letters of the alphabet denote ocular motility pattern that have a similarity to the respective letter: in the A-pattern ... the extra convergence can cause the eyes to cross.[citation needed] During an eye examination, a test such as cover testing or ... Incomitant strabismus is almost always caused by a limitation of ocular rotations that is due to a restriction of extraocular ... or convergence insufficiency. The likelihood was 2.6 times that of controls. No apparent association with premature birth was ...
... eye surface Alteration in the tear film Visual hallucinations Decreased eye convergence Blepharospasm Abnormalities in ocular ... Limitations in upward gaze Blurred vision Diplopia (double vision), produced by a reduced eye convergence. Jankovic J (April ... Gitchel GT, Wetzel PA, Baron MS (2012). "Pervasive ocular tremor in patients with Parkinson disease". Arch Neurol. 69 (8): 1011 ... pursuit, ocular fixation and saccadic movements Difficulties opening the eyelids This can have particular relevance when ...
Accommodation and Convergence of the Eyes (1882) Tests and Studies of the Ocular Muscles (1898) Golden Rules of Refraction ( ...
... paralysis of upward gaze along with several ocular findings such as convergence retraction nystagmus and eyelid retraction also ...
Ocular motility should always be tested, especially when patients complain of double vision or physicians suspect neurologic ... Myopia Hyperopia Presbyopia Amblyopia Diplopia Astigmatism Strabismus Color vision Stereopsis Near point of convergence ... Close inspection of the anterior eye structures and ocular adnexa are often done with a slit lamp which is a table mounted ... The examiner views the illuminated ocular structures, through an optical system that magnifies the image of the eye and the ...
Convergence is the ability of the eye to simultaneously demonstrate inward rotation of both eyes toward each other. This is ... Ocular motor control neurons Neurons that are interposed between the afferent and efferent limbs of this circuit and include ... The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near ... "Chapter 7: Ocular Motor System". Neuroscience Online: An Electronic Textbook for the Neurosciences. Department of Neurobiology ...
Two main ocular responses can be distinguished - vergence of eyes and accommodation. Both of these mechanisms are crucial in ... Both of these mechanisms are neurally linked forming the accommodation-convergence reflex of eyes. One can distinguish vergence ... Accommodative convergence Binocular vision Depth perception Health effects of 3D Holographic display Multiscopy Polarized 3D ...
A comprehensive eye examination including an ocular motility (i.e., eye movement) evaluation and an evaluation of the internal ... A common form of exotropia is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including ... Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction). ... ocular structures allows an eye doctor to accurately diagnose exotropia. Although glasses and/or patching therapy, exercises, ...
Scheiman M, Kulp MT, Cotter SA, Lawrenson JG, Wang L, Li T (Dec 2, 2020). "Interventions for convergence insufficiency: a ... French ophthalmologist Louis Emile Javal began using ocular exercises to treat strabismus (squint) and described the practice ... For children, there is evidence that orthoptics is more effective at treating convergence insufficiency than home-based pencil ... Primary activities Ocular motility diagnosis and co-management Vision screening. In the UK all school vision screening ...
Organic causes may include systemic or ocular medications, brain stem injury, or active ocular inflammation such as uveitis. ... Diplopia: Diplopia may occur due to esotropia or convergence spasm The diagnosis is done by cycloplegic refraction using a ... through eye strain or fatigue of ocular systems. It is common in young adults who have active accommodation, and classically ... or through appropriate ocular exercises. Refraction "Pseudomyopia - symptoms". PSEUDOMYOPIA - false nearsightedness. "Acute ...
... a better performance or preference for use of a hand Ocular dominance, the tendency to prefer visual input from one eye to the ... in rational mapping Dominated convergence theorem, application of function domination in measure theory Dominating set, in ...
Note, however, that the eye contralateral to the lesion can still move in the direction of the lesion during convergence ... Axial section of the Brainstem (Pons) at the level of the Facial Colliculus Vestibulo-ocular reflex Brain stem sagittal section ... Importantly, despite the lesions, this muscle remains functional during convergence eye movements. Finally, experiments where ...
They may also order imaging tests (CT/MRI), remove ocular foreign bodies and perform some laser procedures. They are also ... convergence and accommodation problems, and conditions such as amblyopia, strabismus, and binocular vision disorders, as ... Ocularists specialize in the fabrication and fitting of ocular prostheses for people who have lost eyes due to trauma or ... They do not directly treat ocular disease with medications or surgery. Orthoptists are trained to treat patients using optical ...
Convergence is classically spared as cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve) and its nucleus is spared bilaterally. Causes of the ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, ... There have been cases of improvement in extra-ocular movement with botulinum toxin injection. Cases related to multiple ...
Ocular muscles and their disorders. Pioneering the work in their study and treatment. He discovered "Landolt's bodies" between ... OCLC 29693435 On insufficiency of the power of convergence, [S.l. : [s.n.], 1886. OCLC 29693375 The refraction and ... OCLC 83292691 Defective ocular movements and their diagnosis, London, Frowde, 1913. OCLC 14798829 and Marc Landolt Le ... the rods and cones of the outer nuclear layer of the retina, investigated the functions of the ocular muscles and devised a new ...
Convergence-retraction nystagmus: Attempts at upward gaze often produce this phenomenon. On fast up-gaze, the eyes pull in and ... Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction, Syndromes affecting the nervous system). ... Retraction nystagmus and convergence movement are usually improved with this procedure as well. The eye findings of Parinaud's ... Neuro-Ophthalmic Examination "Convergence-retraction nystagmus". www.aao.org. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. ...
In convergence insufficiency near point of convergence will recede, and positive fusional vergence (PFV) will reduce. So, the ... "Iris and Ciliary body". Current Ocular Therapy (6 ed.). p. 518.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ... Excessive accommodation is seen in association with excessive convergence also. Blurring of vision due to pseudomyopia Headache ... "anomalies of accommodation and convergence". Theory and Practice of Optics and Refraction (2 ed.). Elsevier. pp. 105-106. ...
The central retinal vein is formed by the convergence of veins that drain retinal tissue. The central retinal vein originates ... This occlusion is similar to that seen in ocular ischemic syndrome. As the fluid surrounding the optic nerve within its ...
Simultaneously the fellow eye produces a fusional convergence movement as there is no central suppression of that fellow eye. ... ISSN 1040-5488 Pavan-Langston, D. (2008). Manual of ocular diagnosis and therapy. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/ ... the fellow eye will not make a fusional convergence movement back in as the image remains in the extended Panum's fusional area ...
"Parasympathetic Ocular Control - Functional Subdivisions and Circuitry of the Avian Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal."Science Direct ... The Edinger-Westphal nucleus moderates pupil dilation and aids (since it provides parasympathetic fibers) in convergence of the ... as well as convergence and divergence from photoreceptor to bipolar cell. In addition, other neurons in the retina, ... Convergence and Segregation of Processing Streams. 1 June 1995. Web. 27 March 2016. Moser, May-Britt, and Edvard I. Moser. " ...
Hyperstereopsis increases ocular convergence and causes near objects to appear closer and with exaggerated depth and slant. IPD ... Other experimental presentations may require the use of IPD to control for ocular convergence and binocular depth.[citation ...