Type IV AFPs (P80961) are found in longhorn sculpins. They are alpha helical proteins rich in glutamate and glutamine. This ... Deng G, Andrews DW, Laursen RA (January 1997). "Amino acid sequence of a new type of antifreeze protein, from the longhorn ... Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, ... These proteins were later called antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) or antifreeze glycopeptides to distinguish them from newly ...

Pout also have antifreeze proteins in their blood, which allow the GM salmon to survive near-freezing waters and continue their ... A wild-type salmon takes 24 to 30 months to reach market size (4-6 kg), whereas the producers of the GM salmon say that it ... There are four families of engineered nucleases: meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector ... There is also potential to use the silk producing machinery to make other valuable proteins. Proteins expressed by silkworms ...

The fish has antifreeze proteins in its blood, giving it the ability to survive in near-freezing waters. The ocean pout was ... the only genus in the subfamily Zoarcinae which is one of four subfamilies in the eelpout family Zoarcidae. The ocean pout has ... formally described in 1801 by the German naturalists Marcus Elieser Bloch and Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider with its type ... The promoter for the antifreeze protein gene is used in conjunction with a growth hormone gene from Chinook salmon, which leads ...

... borealis produces its own antifreeze proteins. One of these is homologous to Atlantic winter flounder type I antifreeze protein ... Sclerotia germination optimal at four weeks of daily thermal cycles of 25 and 15 °C (77 and 59 °F) followed by 20 and 5 °C (68 ... Vegetative hyphae do not accumulate sclerotinial proteins when cultured at 5 °C (41 °F) but do at 10 and 25 °C (50 and 77 °F), ... and mycelial proteins cultured at 4 °C (39 °F) are decreased by switch to incubation at 25 °C (77 °F). These may be the/one of ...

In the case of the Antarctic zoarcid fish type III antifreeze protein gene (AFPIII; P12102) diverged from a paralogous copy of ... Deng C, Cheng CH, Ye H, He X, Chen L (December 2010). "Evolution of an antifreeze protein by neofunctionalization under escape ... The evolution of the antifreeze protein in the Antarctic zoarcid fish L. dearborni provides a prime example of ... It is much more rare to see major changes in protein function, such as subunit structure or substrate and ligand affinity, as a ...

... canadensis increases the antifreeze proteins in its hind-gut and primary urine at this time. Its antifreeze molecules are ... Multiple types of antifreeze in simultaneous use complement each other and enhance the process. These have been used in studies ... Nickell, Philip K.; Sass, Sandra; Verleye, Dawn; Blumenthal, Edward M.; Duman, John G. (2013). "Antifreeze proteins in the ... Wang, Lei; Duman, John G. (August 1, 2005). "Antifreeze proteins of the beetle Dendroides canadensis enhance one another's ...

Antifreeze proteins in its blood prevent it freezing in the subzero water temperatures of Antarctica. The bald notothen is ... during which types were collected. The bald notothen attains a maximum total length around 28 cm (11 in), it is yellow with ... 4 (1): 45-52. doi:10.1007/BF00286816. (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles with ' ... described in 1907 as Trematomus borchgrevinki by the Belgian-born British ichthyologist George Albert Boulenger with the type ...

"Genomewide identification of proteins secreted by the Hrp type III protein secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato ... For plants without antifreeze proteins, frost damage usually occurs between −4 and −12 °C (25 and 10 °F) as the water in plant ... Pseudomonas syringae pathogenesis is dependent on effector proteins secreted into the plant cell by the bacterial type III ... Pseudomonas syringae isolates carry a range of virulence factors called type III secretion system (T3SS) effector proteins. ...

... proteins bind to small ice crystals to inhibit growth and recrystallization of ice that would otherwise be fatal. ... and as a marker of type to distinguish it from incompatible types. This dye fluoresces bright green when illuminated by blue or ... Antifreeze proteins refer to chemical compounds produced by certain animals, plants, and other organisms that prevent the ... Antifreeze protein Air cooling Cryoprotectant Heater core Ice melt Internal combustion engine cooling Radiator Water cooling ...

Evans, R.E.; G.L. Fletcher (2001). "Isolation and characterization of type I antifreeze proteins from Atlantic snailfish ( ... Chernova, Natalia (2006). "New and rare snailfishes (Liparidae, Scorpaeniformes) with the description of four new species from ... having type-1 antifreeze proteins. It is the most species-rich family of fish in the Antarctic region, generally found in ... pressure-stable proteins, increased transport protein activity, higher cell membrane fluidity, and loss of eyesight and other ...

C. amphitreta was found to have blood which contained a high level of antifreeze proteins, but this has not been tested for C. ... which he designated as the type species as well as being the only species in the genus then known. Some authorities place this ... 2006 (4): 752-759. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2006)6[752:ANSONP]2.0.CO;2. (Articles with short description, Short description ...

Tardigrades are able to withstand such cold temperatures not by avoiding freezing using antifreeze proteins as a freeze ... Box, Elgene O. (1996). "Plant Functional Types and Climate at the Global Scale". Journal of Vegetation Science. 7 (3): 309-320 ... Non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in the brown fat, which contains the uncoupling protein thermogenin. This protein decreases ... In particular, the proteins of a warm-adapted species may be inherently more eurythermal than a cold-adapted species, with warm ...

Antifreeze proteins cloned from such fish have been used to confer frost-resistance on transgenic plants.[citation needed] ... Human gametes and two-, four- and eight-cell embryos can survive cryopreservation at -196 °C for 10 years under well-controlled ... A variety of cell types are protected by 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. Cryobiologists attempt to optimize cryoprotectant ... See insect winter ecology and antifreeze protein. Another invertebrate that is briefly tolerant to temperatures down to -273 °C ...

... red fluorescent protein. The ocean pout type III antifreeze protein transgene has been successfully micro-injected and ... The wild-type salmon takes 24 to 30 months to reach market size (4-6 kg) whereas the GM salmon require 18 months for the GM ... This permits the GM salmon to produce GH year round rather than pausing for part of the year as do wild-type Atlantic salmon. ... This has led to the suggestion that these GM fish will survive better than the wild-type when conditions are very poor. ...

This species was found to have blood which contained a high level of antifreeze proteins, but this has not been tested for C. ... Cryothenia amphitreta was first formally described in 2006 by Paul A. Cziko and Chi-Hing "Christina" Cheng with the type ... 2006 (4): 752-759. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2006)6[752:ANSONP]2.0.CO;2. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2021). "Cryothenia ...

... secreting anti-freeze proteins and possibly a social function, expressing dominance. The smallest species is Pogonophryne ... The family comprises four genera. These fishes are endemic to deep waters off Antarctica. Artedidraconidae was first described ... as a family in 1988 by the American ichthyologist Richard Eakin with Artedidraco as its type genus, the type species of ... The following four genera are classified within the family Artedidraconidae: Artedidraco Lönnberg, 1905 Dolloidraco Roule, 1913 ...

... rockcods have some adaptations that allow them to thrive in such inhospitable habitat, like antifreeze proteins in ... Notothenia rockcods are found in the Southern Ocean where there are four species with two species in the southwestern Pacific ... coriiceps which was later designated as the type species of the genus. Some authorities place this taxon in the subfamily ...

Antifreeze proteins are also synthesized to keep psychrophiles' internal space liquid, and to protect their DNA when ... Compared to longer saturated fatty acids, incorporating this type of fatty acid allows for the lipid cell membrane to have a ... Todd, C.; Block, W. (1995). "A comparison of the cold hardiness attributes in larvae of four species of Diptera". CryoLetters. ... coli when provided with the entire protein complex from same species. However, the RecBC proteins (RecBCPs and RecBCEc) of the ...

They overwinter under the ice in estuaries, producing an antifreeze protein and glycerol. In the spring, they spawn at night in ... "Fishway passage success for migratory rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax is not dictated by behavioural type" (PDF). River Research ... Eggs are left unattended and hatch in 1-4 weeks, depending on water temperature. The time to sexual maturity is dependent on ...

This species has the ability to synthesize antifreeze proteins, allowing it to withstand temperatures as low as −2 °C (28 °F). ... first formally described in 1780 as Cottus scoprpioides by the Danish missionary and naturalist Otto Fabricius with its type ... ISBN 978-9935-431-55-4. van der Land, Jacob (December 21, 2004). "Myoxocephalus scorpioides (Fabricius, 1780)". WoRMS. ...

They are known for their unique adaptations to the cold, such as the ability to produce antifreeze proteins to prevent their ... Nototheniidae was described as a family in 1861 by the German-born British ichthyologist Albert Günther with the type genus ... Larger amounts of the proteins have been found in species with habitats in higher latitudes, due to the higher expression of ... 1997). "Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish". PNAS. 94 (8): 3811- ...

Insects prepare to overwinter through a variety of mechanisms, such as using anti-freeze proteins or cryoprotectants in freeze- ... Other types of insect hibernacula include self-spun silk hibernacula, such as those made and used by spruce budworms as they ... Therefore, it is still not known to what extent various types of prospective hibernacula for frogs might be suitable in the ... 41 (4): 560-565. doi:10.1670/06-235.1. S2CID 3536989. Legler, John M.; Fitch, Henry S. (January 1, 1957). "Observations on ...

The suborder contains many species with antifreeze proteins in their blood and tissue, allowing them to live in water that is ... Four of the 18 penguin species live and breed on the mainland and its close offshore islands. Another four species live on the ... These two similar types of gigantism are believed to be related to the cold water, which can contain high levels of oxygen, ... Antifreeze proteins are also known from Southern Ocean snailfish and eelpouts. There are two icefish species from the genus ...

For E. nugatoria, the production of noncolligative antifreeze proteins (NAPs) protects the head and thorax from freezing, but ... The israelensis subspecies is suggested because other types of Bacillus thuriniensis (BT), such as those for controlling ... hydrogen peroxide mixed with four parts water, then applied to the soil. Adults can be trapped with sticky traps made of yellow ... being able to tolerate cold conditions through their possession of antifreeze proteins. Typically, overwintering organisms can ...

These proteins reduce the internal freezing temperature, preventing ice crystallization and thus allowing the fish to survive ... Liangbiao Chen; Arthur L. DeVries; and Chi-Hing (1997). "Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in ... its type species by monotypy. Chaenocephalus is now generally regarded as a valid monotypic genus. the genus name ... Like most other Antarctic notothenioids, the blackfin icefish produces antifreeze glycoproteins in their blood and other body ...

Hon, W. C.; Griffith, M.; Chong, P.; Yang, D. S.-C. (March 1, 1994). "Extraction and Isolation of Antifreeze Proteins from ... Seed in husk Different types Wheat, rye, triticale 1878 oil painting A Rye Field by Ivan Shishkin "Forage Identification: Rye ... The leaves of winter rye produce various antifreeze polypeptides (different from the antifreeze polypeptides produced by some ... It was discovered that the storage proteins are very diverse and possess a lot of overall genetic variation as well, which is ...

The suborder contains many species with antifreeze proteins in their blood and tissue, allowing them to live in water that is ... Four of the 18 penguin species live and breed on the mainland and its close offshore islands. Another four species live on the ... This is actually a type of coastal upwelling. Since there are no continents in a band of open latitudes between South America ... Antifreeze proteins are also known from Southern Ocean snailfish. The crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae), also known as ...

The fish is known to produce antifreeze proteins. Microbiologist David Pearce of the University of Northumbria in Newcastle, UK ... Besides dissolving in the water, oxygen and other gases are trapped in a type of structure called a clathrate. In clathrate ... Progress Station in December 2021 and will be transported to the Lake Vostok research station and installed over the next four ... The main concern is that the lake could become contaminated with the antifreeze that the Russians used to keep the bore hole ...

Some plants have antifreeze proteins, heat-shock proteins and sugars in their cytoplasm that enable them to tolerate these ... When the name Plantae or plant is applied to a specific group of organisms or taxa, it usually refers to one of four concepts. ... Many of the Earth's biomes are named for the type of vegetation because plants are the dominant organisms in those biomes, such ... From least to most inclusive, these four groupings are: There are about 382,000 accepted species of plants, of which the great ...

Results indicated rapid evolution of genes during speciation, especially in proteins that code for mitochondrial proteins and ... 1997). "Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish". PNAS. 94 (8): 3811- ... Richardson named a new genus, Notothenia, in his description and this species was designated as its type species by Theodore ... These include a modified heat shock response, the production of antifreeze glycoproteins that prevent ice crystallization of ...