White adipose tissue
... or white fat is one of the two types of adipose tissue found in mammals. The other kind is brown adipose ... In humans, white adipose tissue starts to develop during early to mid-gestation period. White adipose tissue consists of white ... White adipose tissue is composed of monolocular adipocytes. In humans, the healthy amount of white adipose tissue varies with ... The visceral adipose tissue is part of the intra-abdominal adipose tissue that surrounds the intestine for the most part. White ...
Brown adipose tissue
... (BAT) or brown fat makes up the adipose organ together with white adipose tissue (or white fat). Brown ... These adipocytes are found interspersed in white adipose tissue and are also named 'beige' or 'brite' (for "brown in white"). ... Brown adipose tissue activation may play an important role in bone health and bone density. Brown adipose tissue activation ... in brown adipose tissue disappear, and the tissue becomes similar in function and appearance to white fat. In rare cases, brown ...
Adipose tissue
The two types of adipose tissue are white adipose tissue (WAT), which stores energy, and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which ... The layer of brown adipose tissue in this depot is often covered by a "frosting" of white adipose tissue; sometimes these two ... The formation of adipose tissue appears to be controlled in part by the adipose gene. Adipose tissue - more specifically brown ... "Adipose Tissue / Structure and Function of White Adipose Tissue". Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition. pp. 23-29. doi: ...
Bone marrow adipose tissue
Wronska A, Kmiec Z (June 2012). "Structural and biochemical characteristics of various white adipose tissue depots". Acta ... Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), sometimes referred to as marrow adipose tissue (MAT), is a type of fat deposit in bone ... June 2020). "Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis". Nature ... approximates that of white adipose tissue (WAT). The first study to demonstrate exercise regulation of BMAT in rodents was ...
Leptin
... is produced primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue. It also is produced by brown adipose tissue, placenta ( ... biofactors from white adipose tissue. A complex hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity". BioFactors. 37 (6): 413-420 ... both of adipose tissues, as well as of the cartilage and other joint tissues. Alterations in these factors can be the ... "Leptin produced by joint white adipose tissue induces cartilage degradation via upregulation and activation of matrix ...
Adipokine
BioFactors from white adipose tissue. A complex hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity". BioFactors. 37 (6): 413-420 ... Adipose tissue Hepatokines Myokines Mancuso P (May 2016). "The role of adipokines in chronic inflammation". ImmunoTargets and ... secreted by adipose tissue. Some contribute to an obesity-related low-grade state of inflammation or to the development of ...
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2
... brown and white adipose tissue fat cells; 5) cells in the mammary gland's epithelium; 6) hepatocytes; 7) multinucleated ... Studies on HCA2 in human cells and tissues have not determined the extent to which these cells and tissues also express HCA3 ... The postmortem brain tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease also contained higher HCA2 messenger RNA levels that those of ... It was also noted that the mammary tissue levels of HCA2 were higher in cows with than those without mastitis. Thus, HCA2 may ...
NPC1
Bambace, Clara; Dahlman, Ingrid; Arner, Peter; Kulyté, Agné (2013-01-30). "NPC1 in human white adipose tissue and obesity". BMC ... specifically a large excess of white adipose tissue - responsible for dramatically increasing the risks of developing other ...
Lipid metabolism
Lipids are stored in white adipose tissue as triglycerides. In a lean young adult human, the mass of triglycerides stored ... ISBN 978-0-470-04073-7. Choe SS, Huh JY, Hwang IJ, Kim JI, Kim JB (2016-04-13). "Adipose Tissue Remodeling: Its Role in Energy ... Chylomicrons will travel through the bloodstream to enter adipose and other tissues in the body. Due to the hydrophobic nature ... storage lipids stored in the adipose tissues are one of the main sources of energy for living organisms. Triacylglycerols, ...
Haptoglobin
... inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue". The British Journal of Nutrition. 92 (3): 347-355. doi:10.1079/ ... the haptoglobin gene is expressed in murine and human adipose tissue. Haptoglobin had been shown to be expressed in adipose ... Haptoglobin is produced mostly by hepatic cells but also by other tissues such as skin, lung and kidney. In addition, ... The free heme can then accelerate tissue damage by promoting peroxidative reactions and activation of inflammatory cascades. ...
Parathyroid gland
The white round structures are fat cells. Adipose tissue comprises 25-40% of normal parathyroid gland tissue. High ... Occasionally, an individual's tissues are resistant to the effects of parathyroid hormone. This is known as ... If this situation exists for a prolonged period of time of secondary hyperparathyroidism, the parathyroid tissue may become ... Gross pathology of a parathyroid gland (white arrow), next to the thyroid gland Scheme showing development of branchial ...
Human skin
It consists of loose connective tissue, adipose tissue and elastin. The main cell types are fibroblasts, macrophages and ... The skin colour of people with light skin is determined mainly by the bluish-white connective tissue under the dermis and by ... The subcutaneous tissue (also hypodermis and subcutis) is not part of the skin, but lies below the dermis of the cutis. Its ... The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and ...
Lipogenesis
"Leptin-specific patterns of gene expression in white adipose tissue". Genes & Development. 14 (8): 963-980. ISSN 0890-9369. PMC ... Both processes take place mainly in liver and adipose tissue. Nevertheless, it also occurs to some extent in other tissues such ... Both the adipose tissue and the liver can synthesize triglycerides. Those produced by the liver are secreted from it in the ... The major sites of fatty acid synthesis are adipose tissue and the liver. Triglycerides are synthesized by esterification of ...
Inflammation
Loss of white adipose tissue reduces levels of inflammation markers. As of 2017 the association of systemic inflammation with ... December 2001). "beta-Adrenergic regulation of IL-6 release from adipose tissue: in vivo and in vitro studies". The Journal of ... Kershaw EE, Flier JS (June 2004). "Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism ... September 2000). "Elevated levels of interleukin 6 are reduced in serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women after ...
TBX15
Crucially, Tbx15 is selectively expressed in brown and "brite" adipose tissue. Knockdown organisms show no change in white ... but not white adipocytes" (PDF). American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 303 (8): E1053-E1060. doi: ...
Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier
"Predominant expression of the mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier in white adipose tissue". The Biochemical Journal. 344 (2): ... Dicarboxylate carriers are highly abundant in the adipose tissue and play a central role in supplying cytosolic malate for the ...
SMIM23
It functions in the differentiation between white and brown adipose tissue. It can also be a repressor of transforming growth ...
ZNF423
"Fetal development of subcutaneous white adipose tissue is dependent on Zfp423". Molecular Metabolism. 6 (1): 111-124. doi: ...
Bone morphogenetic protein
BMPs are also involved in adipogenesis and functional regulation of adipose tissue. BMP4 favors white adipogenesis, whereas ... Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose tissue". Obesity Reviews. 20 (5): 648-658. doi:10.1111/obr.12822. ISSN 1467- ... There are reports of this therapy causing swelling of soft tissue which in turn can cause life-threatening complications due to ... Bessa PC, Casal M, Reis RL (Jan 2008). "Bone morphogenetic proteins in tissue engineering: the road from the laboratory to the ...
ANGPTL8
... lacking ANGPTL8 exhibit markedly decreased uptake of Very low-density lipoprotein-derived fatty acids into white adipose tissue ... In mice ANGPTL8 is secreted by the liver and by adipose tissue. Despite having elevated post-heparin plasma LPL activity, mice ... because of the elevated LPL activity in these two tissues, as suggested by the ANGPTL3-4-8 model. ANGPTL8 was proposed to ...
PRDM16
The activity of PRDM16 in white adipose tissue leads to the production of brown fat-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue ... White adipose tissue (WAT) primarily stores excess energy in the form of triglycerides. Recent research has shown that PRDM16 ... This up-regulation lead to the development of a BAT-like phenotype within the white adipose tissue. Expression of PRDM16 has ... PRDM16 is highly enriched in brown adipose cells as compared to white adipose cells, and plays a role in these thermogenic ...
Dynapenia
The increase in fatty tissue infiltration occurred regardless of changes in weight or subcutaneous thigh adipose tissue. The ... Rantanen T, Guralnik JM, Foley D, Masaki K, Leveille S, Curb JD, White L (February 1999). "Midlife hand grip strength as a ... December 2009). "Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration". The American Journal of ... and inter muscular fat showed an increase in adipose tissue infiltration of mid thigh skeletal muscle in both men and women ...
Woods Hutchinson
Hutchinson defended adipose tissue against the viewpoint that it was a health risk. He commented that adipose "is really a most ... 2008). White bread bio-politics: Purity, health, and the triumph of industrial baking. Cultural Geographies 15 (1): 19-40. ... New York: James T. White Company. pp. 376-377. Warren, Wilson J. (2018). Meat Makes People Powerful: A Global History of the ... Hutchinson promoted the consumption of red meat and white bread and was strongly opposed to the ideas of vegetarianism. ...
CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins
"C/EBPalpha is required for differentiation of white, but not brown, adipose tissue". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... show abnormal adipose tissue formation. Moreover, ectopic expression of C/EBPα in various fibroblast cell lines promotes ... Cao Z, Umek RM, McKnight SL (Sep 1991). "Regulated expression of three C/EBP isoforms during adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells ... For example, mice lacking C/EBPα in all tissues except the liver (where it is needed to avoid postnatal lethality) ...
TREM2
... is also expressed by macrophages of adipose tissue, adrenal gland, and placenta. Immunosuppressive tumor-associated ... Chan G, White CC, Winn PA, Cimpean M, Replogle JM, Glick LR, et al. (November 2015). "CD33 modulates TREM2: convergence of ... Expression was also increased in liver tissues from patients with cirrhosis. Compared with non-tumor liver tissue, TREM2 ... In brain, the highest levels of TREM2 are found in hippocampus, white matter, and the spinal cord, and levels of TREM2 increase ...
FNDC5
Irisin promotes conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) to brown adipose tissue (BAT) by increasing UCP1 expression. A 2016 in ... May 2019). "Fndc5 loss-of-function attenuates exercise-induced browning of white adipose tissue in mice". The FASEB Journal. 33 ... June 2020). "Impacts of rat hindlimb Fndc5/irisin overexpression on muscle and adipose tissue metabolism". American Journal of ... vitro study of white and brown fat cell tissue found dose-related upregulation of a protein called UCP1 that contributes to the ...
Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
"FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis". Genes & Development. 26 (3): 271-281. ... "FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis". Genes & Development. 26 (3): 271-281. ...
Fat-tailed dwarf lemur
Fietz, J.; Tataruch, F.; Dausmann, K.; Ganzhorn, J. (February 2003). "White adipose tissue composition in the free-ranging fat- ... a relatively short white median facial stripe, and black eye-rings. However, in 2009, Groeneveld et al. demonstrated ...
SERCA
"The thermogenic activity of rat brown adipose tissue and rabbit white muscle Ca2+-ATPase". IUBMB Life. 57 (4-5): 337-45. doi: ... In addition to its calcium-transporting functions, SERCA1 generates heat in brown adipose tissue and in skeletal muscles. Along ...
Chronodisruption
Froy, Oren; Garaulet, Marta (2018-02-27). "The Circadian Clock in White and Brown Adipose Tissue: Mechanistic, Endocrine, and ... as well as the presence of circadian clocks in adipose tissue cells, may influence the increased obesity risk related to shift ... and the Regulation of Inflammation in Adipose Tissues". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 92 (2): 317-325. ISSN 1551- ... to have anti-obesity effects due to its ability to stimulate the growth and metabolic activity of Brown Adipose Tissue, ...