... called activin βA, activin βB, activin βC and activin βE. Activin βA and βB are identical to the two beta subunits of inhibin. ... Two activin βA subunits give rise to activin A, one βA, and one βB subunit gives rise to activin AB, and so on. Various, but ... In the male, activin enhances spermatogenesis. Activin is strongly expressed in wounded skin, and overexpression of activin in ... Activin type 1 receptors: ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C Activin type 2 receptors: ACVR2A, ACVR2B Activin binds to the Type II receptor ...

... inhibin/activin betaA and betaB and the activin type II and inhibin beta-glycan receptors in the developing human testis". ... The activin type 2 receptors belong to a larger TGF-beta receptor family and modulate signals for transforming growth factor ... There are two activin type two receptors: ACVR2A and ACVR2B. Despite the large amount of processes that these ligands regulate ... Activin plays a significant role in reproduction. ACVR2 receptors are present in the testis during testicular development. ...

The Activin type I receptors transduce signals for a variety of members of the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily of ... There are three type I Activin receptors: ACVR1, ACVR1B, and ACVR1C. Each bind to a specific type II receptor-ligand complex. ... This family of cytokines and hormones include activin, Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and ...

Stenvers, K. L.; Findlay, J. K. (2012). "Inhibins and activins: Towards the future. A tribute to the late Professor Wylie W. ...

Inhibins and activins also regulate bone mass. Beall, C.; Ashford, M. L.; McCrimmon, R. J. (2011). "The physiology and ... In the reproductive system, inhibins and follistatin counterregulate activins, to control follicle-stimulating hormone and so ... activins, and follistatin in the aging female and male". Semin Reprod Med. 22 (3): 209-17. doi:10.1055/s-2004-831896. PMID ... Activin and Inhibin". Mol Cell Endocrinol. 310 (1-2): 11-20. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.001. PMC 2951729. PMID 19615428. Watts ...

"Entrez Gene: ACVRL1 activin A receptor type II-like 1". Olivieri C, Mira E, Delù G, Pagella F, Zambelli A, Malvezzi L, ... Oh SP, Seki T, Goss KA, Imamura T, Yi Y, Donahoe PK, Li L, Miyazono K, ten Dijke P, Kim S, Li E (March 2000). "Activin receptor ... It is also known as activin receptor-like kinase 1, or ALK1. This gene encodes a type I cell-surface receptor for the TGF-beta ... ten Dijke P, Ichijo H, Franzén P, Schulz P, Saras J, Toyoshima H, Heldin CH, Miyazono K (October 1993). "Activin receptor-like ...

1997). "Inhibin interferes with activin signaling at the level of the activin receptor complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells ... 2001). "Localization of activin beta(A)-, beta(B)-, and beta(C)-subunits in humanprostate and evidence for formation of new ... Furthermore, the beta B subunit forms a homodimer, activin B, and also joins with the beta A subunit to form a heterodimer, ... 2002). "Production of activins by the human endosalpinx". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (11): 5283-9. doi:10.1210/jc.2001- ...

1992). "Effect of activin A on globin gene expression in purified human erythroid progenitors". Blood. 79 (3): 773-81. doi: ... Shav-Tal Y, Zipori D (2003). "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis". Stem Cells. 20 (6): 493-500. doi:10.1634/ ... Shimonaka M, Inouye S, Shimasaki S, Ling N (1991). "Follistatin binds to both activin and inhibin through the common subunit". ... Xu J, McKeehan K, Matsuzaki K, McKeehan WL (1995). "Inhibin antagonizes inhibition of liver cell growth by activin by a ...

On the contrary, inhibition of Nodal and Activin signaling enabled the differentiation of hESCs. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... August 2001). "The orphan receptor ALK7 and the Activin receptor ALK4 mediate signaling by Nodal proteins during vertebrate ... Vallier L, Alexander M, Pedersen RA (2006). "Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways cooperate to maintain pluripotency of human ... Chng Z, Vallier L, Pedersen R (2011). "Activin/ nodal signaling and pluripotency". Vitamins and Hormones. 85: 38-58. doi: ...

A truncated activin receptor inhibits mesoderm induction and formation of axial structures in Xenopus embryos. Nature 359:609 - ... Members of the TGF-β superfamily, Activin and Nodal, are essential for mesodermal induction, while FGF and Wnt are in charge of ... Activin-mediated mesoderm induction requires FGF. Development 120:453-462. 8. Kimelman D, Griffin KJ. Vertebrate mesendoderm ... In Xenopus, VegT activates transcription of Nodal-related genes (Xnr) genes, Activin and other mesodermal transcripts, which ...

"Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent ... "Novel factors in regulation of activin signaling". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 225 (1-2): 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.mce. ... "Novel factors in regulation of activin signaling". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 225 (1-2): 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.mce. ...

... is an activin type 2 receptor. This gene encodes activin A type II receptor. Activins are dimeric growth and ... "Inhibin interferes with activin signaling at the level of the activin receptor complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells". ... "Variations in activin receptor, inhibin/activin subunit and follistatin mRNAs in human prostate tumour tissues". Br. J. Cancer ... "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ...

In the blood, activin and follistatin are both known to be involved in the inflammatory response following tissue injury or ... The activin-binding protein follistatin is produced by folliculostellate (FS) cells of the anterior pituitary. FS cells make ... Follistatin also known as activin-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FST gene. Follistatin is an ... In the tissues activin has a strong role in cellular proliferation, thereby making follistatin the safeguard against ...

"Activin A Is Essential for Neurogenesis Following Neurodegeneration". Stem Cells. 27 (6): 1330-46. doi:10.1002/stem.80. PMC ...

"Activin signaling regulates Sertoli cell differentiation and function". Endocrinology. 153 (12): 6065-77. doi:10.1210/en.2012- ... secreted during the early stages of fetal life inhibin and activins, secreted after puberty, work together to regulate FSH ...

It binds to and inhibits activin receptor type-2B. On August 20, 2013, it was announced that bimagrumab had received a ... an activin receptor type II inhibitor, on pituitary neurohormonal axes". Clinical Endocrinology. 88 (6): 908-919. doi:10.1111/ ...

Labonne, C.; Whitman, M. (1994-05-01). "Mesoderm induction by activin requires FGF-mediated intracellular signals". Trends in ... During her doctoral study, LaBonne discovered that activin-mediated mesoderm induction required FGF signaling and elucidated ...

Kato MV (2000). "A secreted tumor-suppressor, mac25, with activin-binding activity". Mol. Med. 6 (2): 126-35. doi:10.1007/ ...

The cytokines interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6 and Activin A are found in the testis, often at high levels. In other tissues, these ... Lee W, Mason AJ, Schwall R, Szonyi E, Mather JP (1989). "Secretion of activin by interstitial cells in the testis". Science. ... Boitani C, Stefanini M, Fragale A, Morena AR (1995). "Activin stimulates Sertoli cell proliferation in a defined period of rat ... Mather JP, Attie KM, Woodruff TK, Rice GC, Phillips DM (1990). "Activin stimulates spermatogonial proliferation in germ-Sertoli ...

Ovine uterine serpin also binds to activin, IgM and IgA. Another possible role for uterine serpins is in the inhibition of ... October 1999). "Uterine milk protein, a novel activin-binding protein, is present in ovine allantoic fluid". Endocrinology. 140 ...

Zhou S, Zawel L, Lengauer C, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (July 1998). "Characterization of human FAST-1, a TGF beta and activin ... FOXH1 encodes a human homolog of Xenopus forkhead activin signal transducer-1. FOXH1 protein binds SMAD2 and activates an ... "Smad4 and FAST-1 in the assembly of activin-responsive factor". Nature. 389 (6646): 85-89. Bibcode:1997Natur.389...85C. doi: ... "Smad4 and FAST-1 in the assembly of activin-responsive factor". Nature. 389 (6646): 85-89. Bibcode:1997Natur.389...85C. doi: ...

Activin A receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) is a transmembrane receptor that is involved in ligand-binding and mediates the functions ... "ACVR2A activin A receptor type 2A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". Gene. Bock, J B; Klumperman, J; Davanger, S; Scheller ... of activins. Syntaxin 6 functions in trans-Golgi network vesicle trafficking, perhaps targeting to endosomes in mammalian cells ...

2003). "Inhibin, activin, follistatin, activin receptors and beta-glycan gene expression in the placental tissue of patients ... 2003). "Activin betaC-subunit heterodimers provide a new mechanism of regulating activin levels in the prostate". Endocrinology ... 2001). "Localization of activin beta(A)-, beta(B)-, and beta(C)-subunits in humanprostate and evidence for formation of new ... Inhibins and activins, also members of the TGF-beta superfamily, are hormones with opposing actions and are involved in ...

BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (Xenopus laevis), also known as BAMBI, is a protein which in humans is encoded ... "Entrez Gene: BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (Xenopus laevis)". Degen WG, Weterman MA, van Groningen JJ, ... 2008). "The pseudoreceptor BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor positively modulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling". J. Biol. ... 2004). "Identification of BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI), an inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta ...

ACE-011 was a chimeric protein, created by fusing the binding portion of the activin type 2 receptors to part of an antibody; ... the resulting protein binds to activin and prevents it from acting. Knopf took over as CEO in 2007. He became known for showing ... a protein therapeutic that was an activin type 2 receptor antagonist intended to treat bone loss. ...

"Activin A and follistatin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease". Metabolism. 65 (10): 1550-8. doi:10.1016/j. ... skeletal tissue hormones including activins, follistatins and irisin as well as with the quality of the diet and the protective ...

A mutation in the gene ACVR1 (also known as activin-like kinase 2 (ALK2)) is responsible for the disease. ACVR1 encodes activin ... Normally, the ACVR1 gene encodes the activin receptor type-1 transmembrane kinase that bind BMP receptors (Type I BMPR and Type ... Fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) may be the disease-causing cell type responsible for activin A dependent ectopic bone ... the company initiated a phase 1 study of its activin antibody, REGN 2477, in healthy volunteers; a phase 2 trial in FOP ...

This protein can also be phosphorylated by activin type 1 receptor kinase, and mediates the signal from the activin. ... Lebrun JJ, Takabe K, Chen Y, Vale W (January 1999). "Roles of pathway-specific and inhibitory Smads in activin receptor ... "Smad4 and FAST-1 in the assembly of activin-responsive factor". Nature. 389 (6646): 85-9. Bibcode:1997Natur.389...85C. doi: ...

It blocks TGFβ1 and activin associating with the receptor, blocking access to SMAD2. It is an inhibitory SMAD (I-SMAD) and is ... By occupying type I receptors for Activin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), it also plays a role in negative feedback of ... Lebrun JJ, Takabe K, Chen Y, Vale W (January 1999). "Roles of pathway-specific and inhibitory Smads in activin receptor ... and activin-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in B cells". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (19): 13637-42. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.19.13637. ...

... and activin are involved in regulating important cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and ... "Repression of bone morphogenetic protein and activin-inducible transcription by Evi-1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. ... "Repression of bone morphogenetic protein and activin-inducible transcription by Evi-1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. ...

An Activin receptor is a receptor which binds activin. These proteins are receptor-type kinases of Ser/Thr type, which have a ... Types include: Activin type 1 receptors Activin type 2 receptors ACVR1; ACVR1B; ACVR1C; ACVR2A; ACVR2B; ACVRL1; BMPR1A; BMPR1B ... Activin+receptors at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article incorporates text from ...

There are three activins: Activin A, Activin B and Activin AB. Activins are involved in embryogenesis and osteogenesis. They ... It can then either form a receptor complex with activin A receptor, type IB (ACVR1B) or with activin A receptor, type IC ( ... TGFβs, Activins, Nodals and some GDFs are mediated by SMAD2 and SMAD3, while BMPs, AMH and a few GDFs are mediated by SMAD1, ... BMP and activin membrane bound inhibitor (BAMBI), has a similar extracellular domain as type I receptors. It lacks an ...

"Entrez Gene: INHBA inhibin, beta A (activin A, activin AB alpha polypeptide)". Lewis, K A; Gray P C; Blount A L; MacConell L A ... "Inhibin interferes with activin signaling at the level of the activin receptor complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells" (PDF). ... 2005). "Activin, inhibin and the human breast". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225 (1-2): 77-82. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.016. PMID ... 1992). "Effect of activin A on globin gene expression in purified human erythroid progenitors". Blood. 79 (3): 773-81. doi: ...

Activin receptor type-2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR2B gene. ACVR2B is an activin type 2 receptor. ... This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type ... Schneider-Kolsky ME, Manuelpillai U, Waldron K, Dole A, Wallace EM (2002). "The distribution of activin and activin receptors ... "Inhibin interferes with activin signaling at the level of the activin receptor complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells". ...

Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; also known as ALK-2 (activin ... This gene encodes activin A type I receptor which signals a particular transcriptional response in concert with activin type II ... Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I ( I and IB) and two ... "Entrez Gene: ACVR1 (activin A receptor, type I)". Inman GJ, Nicolás FJ, Callahan JF, Harling JD, Gaster LM, Reith AD, Laping NJ ...