IARC considers the chlorophenoxyacetic acids group of chemicals as possibly carcinogenic to humans. In 1963 a production vessel ... Intentional overdoses and unintentional high dose occupational exposures to chlorophenoxy acid herbicides have resulted in ... is a chlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide used to defoliate broad-leafed plants. It was developed in the late 1940s, synthesized ... 2,4,5-T has since largely been replaced by dicamba and triclopyr. Human health effects from 2,4,5-T at low environmental doses ...

The compound's mechanism of action is to mimic the auxin growth hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA). When sprayed on plants it ... propionic acid. It is a phenoxy herbicide and a plant growth regulator, an analog of 2,4,5-T in which the latter's acetic acid ... As with 2,4,5-T, fenoprop is toxic to shrubs and trees. The name Silvex was used in the USA but it has been banned from use ... "Consumer Factsheet on: 2,4,5-TP (SILVEX)" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-03-11. (ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata, Articles containing ...

Holson, Joseph F. (1970). Teratogenic Potential of D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (delysid) in the Albino Rat (Master's Thesis). ... Nemec, MarkD; Holson, JosephF; Farr, CraigH; Hood, RonaldD (1998-11-06). "Developmental toxicity assessment of arsenic acid in ... 2, an amaranth dye, and the herbicide 2,4,5‐T (a component of Agent Orange). The FD&C Red No. 2 study was a multi-laboratory ... 3.0.co;2-7. ISSN 1096-9926. PMID 10525206. Holson, J. F; Stump, D. G; Clevidence, K. J; Knapp, J. F; Farr, C. H (2000-05-01). " ...

... historically for those making chlorophenols or chlorophenoxy acid herbicides or in the application of chemicals, notably ... The oral LD50 for guinea pigs is as low as 0.5 to 2 μg/kg body weight, whereas the oral LD50 for hamsters can be as high as 1 ... "Seveso". Retrieved 4 June 2007. "AROUND THE NATION; Times Beach, Mo., Board Moves to Seal Off Town - New York Times". The New ... 72 (4): 393-404. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.01.017. PMID 16545780. Geusau A, Abraham K, Geissler K, Sator MO, Stingl G, Tschachler ...

Phenoxyacetic acids, Acetic acids, Plant growth regulators, IARC Group 2B carcinogens). ... MCPA was discovered at about that time by his ICI group.: Sec 7.1 In the USA, a similar search for an acid with a longer half ... Some Chlorophenoxyacetic Acids". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 63 (6): 1768. doi:10.1021/ja01851a601. "The weed- ... William Templeman found that when indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the naturally occurring auxin, was used at high concentrations, ...

2 February 2008. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2015. "Stora and Arauco Spend $344 Million ... Milne, Richard (5 July 2017). "Paper groups seek salvation in renewables shift". Financial Times. Archived from the original on ... LEPITREB (5 March 2018). "Stora Enso launches lignin-based phenol". Bioplastics News. Archived from the original on 15 December ... 4 December 2018. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018. "Stora Enso and Sulapac Launch ...

Because Agent Green's only active ingredient was 2,4,5-T, along with the similar Agent Pink, and earlier-produced batches of 2, ... Even prior to Operation Ranch Hand (1962-1971) it was known that a dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD), is ... Agent Green's only active ingredient was 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), one of the common phenoxy herbicides of ... 4,5-T having higher TCDD-levels, it contained many times the average level of dioxin found in Agent Orange. During much of the ...

5 (3/4): 323-32. Bibcode:2003JNR.....5..323Z. doi:10.1023/A:1025520116015. S2CID 14511383. Ezezika, Obidimma C; Singer, Peter A ... 32 (4): 331-5. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2010.10.010. Ewulm (2013). "Entomoremediation - A Novel In-Situ Bioremediation Approach". ... 101 (2): 483-90. Bibcode:2015MarPB.101..483A. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.010. PMID 26414316. "Environmental Due Diligence ... Dioxins from Union Carbide used in the production of now-banned pesticide 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and defoliant Agent ...

Even prior to Operation Ranch Hand (1962-1971) it was known that a dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD), is ... Agent Pink's only active ingredient was 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), one of the common phenoxy herbicides of ... 4,5-T, and was present in any of the herbicides that used it, but to greater proportion in the earlier Agents, such as Pink. A ... May 5, 1990 (accessed 2013-07-29) Stellman, Jeanne et al. The Extent and patterns of usage of Agent Orange and other herbicides ...

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is used in New Zealand and the Pesticides Board has decided not to prohibit the use of ... Manufacture of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) ceased in New Zealand in 1987 and it is no longer sold in New ... Green Party (2 October 2008). "New Zealand sports grounds getting toxic treatment". Green Party. Archived from the original on ... Reports & Testimony". Archived from the original on 5 August 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original ...

Some batches of 2,4,5-T manufactured for Rainbow Herbicide use were later found to have been contaminated with synthesis- ... 4 April 2012. p. 116. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2013. Corcoran, Charles A. ( ... ISBN 978-0-08-047610-0. Archives Search Report Findings for Field Testing of 2,4,5-T and Other Herbicides (PDF) (Report). U.S. ... oneofmanyfeathers.com 2/1/2014. Media related to Herbicidal warfare at Wikimedia Commons (Webarchive template wayback links, ...

p. 2. "Green battler dies". The Dominion Post. 5 January 2005. p. A3. Norton 1988, pp. 290. "Values elects troika". The Press. ... p. 2. Bain, Helen (30 August 1999). "Green Party names list candidates". Taranaki Daily News. p. 4. "Green politician dies". ... 5 January 2005. p. 2. Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946-1987: Occasional Publications No ... In 1982 she founded, Residents Against Dioxin, a New Plymouth-based group to cease the production of 2,4,5- ...

had exposure to metal plating solvents and chromic acid documented in September 1982 by the Middle-Brook Regional Health ... 2-3. U.S. Census Bureau. "2010 Census Interactive Population Search for NJ". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 21 September 2017. ... Blue Spruce Chemical was known to have been involved in storing a defoliant labelled "Agent Orange" consisting of 2,4- ... dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) containing traces of 2,3,7,8- ...

... (TCP) is an organochloride with the molecular formula C6H3Cl3O. It has been used as a fungicide and ... Agent Orange 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Articles without InChI source, ECHA InfoCard ID ... Precursor chemical used in the production of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and hexachlorophene involves the ... Haynes, p. 3.522 "Hazard Summary - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 30 ...

2,4-D and 2,4,5-T were herbicides used to make Agent Orange in the Vietnam War. Additionally, cyanide, arsenic, beryllium, ... The cleanup goal for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) was 61 μg/L and this goal was achieved by having a well reach less than ... 276 (2): 83-94. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.02.012. ISSN 0041-008X. PMID 24589379. Fred C. Hart Associates. (1979). An ... 4 (5): 589-630. doi:10.1002/ajim.4700040503. ISSN 0271-3586. PMID 6353911. Bahadar, Haji; Mostafalou, Sara; Abdollahi, Mohammad ...

It is a benzoic acid rather than a phenoxyacetic acid whose use has grown rapidly since 2016 as crops genetically modified to ... The first group to be discovered act by mimicking the auxin growth hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA). When sprayed on broad-leaf ... When applied as an ester, metabolism in the target plant leads to the parent acid which is responsible for the herbicidal ... Salts and esters of this class of herbicide are active owing to their ability to metabolise to the corresponding parent acid. ...

The battalion moved to Ross-on-Wye soon after its official formation on 4 July 1940. The task was made more difficult by the ... He was promoted to general on 4 June 1950, advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the King's Birthday Honours ... Retrieved 2 January 2012. "Correspondence re Royal Awards" (PDF). ISEAS Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April ... 5-9 "Gerald Templer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31747 ...

Sep 2015). "Regulation of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis by branched-chain amino acids in Enterobacter cloacae UW5". FEMS ... "Synthesis of Indoleacetic Acid from Glutamic Acid and a Proposed Mechanism for the Conversion". Journal of the American ... Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 3-IAA) is the most common naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class. It is the best known ... Jeong YM, Oh MH, Kim SY, Li H, Yun HY, Baek KJ, Kwon NS, Kim WY, Kim DS (2010). "Indole-3-acetic acid/horseradish peroxidase ...

86 (1): 2-11. Bibcode:2001ER.....86....2A. doi:10.1006/enrs.2001.4244. PMID 11386736. "BBC NEWS - Health - Yushchenko and the ... 5 (3): 161-82. doi:10.1002/ajim.4700050303. PMID 6142642. Robbins, William; Times, Special To the New York (1983-07-17). " ... 106 (1-2): 5-20. Bibcode:1991ScTEn.106....5B. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(91)90016-8. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 1835132. "Corporate Giant ... 1984). "Health status of workers with past exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the manufacture of 2,4,5- ...

Cyhalothrin Cyromazine Davicil DCMU DDT DDT in Australia DDT in New Zealand DDT in the United States Dehydroacetic acid ... Contents: 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also 1080 1080 usage in New Zealand 2,4-D 2,4-DB ... mixture Brodifacoum Bromadiolone Bromethalin Bromine monochloride Bromomethane Bromoxynil Burgundy mixture Cacodylic acid ... Chlorophacinone Chlorpyrifos Chloropicrin Chlorothalonil Chlortoluron Chromated copper arsenate Cinnamaldehyde Clofibric acid ...

Agent Orange contains a mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T as well as dioxin contaminants. Members of the Air Force Ranch Hand and ... 4 (1): 80-96. ISSN 0007-5035. "Industrial disasters from Bhopal to present day: why the proposal to make 'ecocide' an ... 28 (4): 327-334. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(92)90018-5. ISSN 0378-4290. Potter, Thomas L.; Marti, Luz; Belflower, Sally; Truman, ... Two of the oldest chemical herbicides used as defoliants are 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5- ...

Related compounds are dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. Chloroacetic acid was first prepared (in impure form) by ... Like other chloroacetic acids and related halocarbons, chloroacetic acid is a hazardous alkylating agent. The LD50 for rats is ... Chloroacetic acid is prepared industrially by two routes. The predominant method involves chlorination of acetic acid, with ... Chloroacetic acid, industrially known as monochloroacetic acid (MCA), is the organochlorine compound with the formula ClCH2CO2H ...

... phenylacetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, and indole-3-propionic acid. However, most of the knowledge described so far in auxin ... However, some exogenously synthesized auxins, especially 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), are ... The most important member of the auxin family is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which generates the majority of auxin effects in ... Besides IAA there are several other molecules with auxin activity such as indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (Fig. 1), 4-Cl-IAA, and ...

Like other acid herbicides, current formulations use either an amine salt (often trimethylamine) or one of many esters of the ... These are easier to handle than the acid. The triazine family of herbicides, which includes atrazine, was introduced in the ... In 2013 only two herbicide classes, called Photosystem II and long-chain fatty acid inhibitors, were effective against ryegrass ... It works by inhibiting acetolactate synthase, an enzyme involved in producing branched chain amino acids. Dicamba, a ...

VMO-2 took the brunt of the attack with 13 of its UH-1E Hueys destroyed. The attack killed two Marines and one Navy Corpsman ... 5 November Ho Thi Que a 38 year old ARVN Ranger known as "The Tiger Lady of South Vietnam", was killed during an argument with ... p. 5. "Robert J. Flynn, Shot Down in Vietnam War and Held in China, Dies at 76". New York Times. 24 May 2014. "U.S. Calls ... 5 to 12 March During a visit to Saigon Chief of Staff of the United States Army General Harold Keith Johnson met with senior ...

A team led by American biologist Robert W. Holley published the paper "Structure of a Ribonucleic Acid" in the weekly journal ... the genetic code encoded by DNA to bring together the correct sequence of amino acids in cellular proteins. Holley would be ... March 2, 1965. p. 1. "U.S. Bombers in Mystery Flight- 30 Jets Hop from Base in S. Viet Nam". Chicago Tribune. March 3, 1965. p ... p. 1A-5. "Navy Sink the Oil Patch". The Times. No. 56282. London. 29 March 1965. col C-D, p. 10. "Captain Orders Off Crew; ...

Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone with a structure related to benzoic acid and phenol. It was originally isolated from an ... The most active JA in plants is jasmonic acid. Jasmonic acid can be further metabolized into methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which is ... Auxins, especially 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), are also commonly applied to stimulate root ... "Silverleaf whitefly induces salicylic acid defenses and suppresses effectual jasmonic acid defenses". Plant Physiology. 143 (2 ...

The other most common color-coded Ranch Hand herbicides were Agent Blue (cacodylic acid) that was primarily used against food ... cacodylic acid (Ansar 138) and its sodium salt sodium cacodylate) used from 1962-1971 in powder and water solution Agent White ... Tordon 101): 21.2% (acid weight basis) triisopropanolamine salts of 2,4-D and 5.7% picloram used 1966-1971 Agent Orange or ... The remaining 5% were sprayed by the U.S. Chemical Corps, other military branches, and the Republic of Vietnam using hand ...

6-endoxohexahydrophthalic acid). During 1952-53, the unit supervised the aerial spraying of 2,4,5-T in Kenya to assess the ... "4 Decades on, U.S. Starts Cleanup of Agent Orange in Vietnam". The New York Times. New York. August 9, 2012. Archived from the ... As a result, the U.S. began a full-scale production of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T and would have used it against Japan in 1946 during ... On March 2, 2009, the Supreme Court denied certiorari and declined to reconsider the ruling of the Court of Appeals. To assist ...

... quinic acid MeSH D02.241.511.852 - shikimic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902 - sugar acids MeSH D02.241.511.902.107 - ascorbic acid ... edetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.455 - egtazic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581 - iodoacetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581.400 - ... hexuronic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.915.400.500 - iduronic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901.177 - aconitic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901. ... muramic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.562 - neuraminic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.562.668 - sialic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844. ...