Toll-interleukin receptor
... the toll/IL-1R homologous region (TIR). The similarity between toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1R is not restricted to ... interleukin-1 receptors, toll receptors and many plant R proteins. It contains three highly conserved regions, and mediates ... The toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) homology domain is an intracellular signaling domain found in MyD88, SARM1, ... Essuman K, Summers DW, Sasaki Y, Mao X, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J (March 2017). "The SARM1 Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain ...
Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors and ligands database at University of Munich The Toll-Like Receptor Family of Innate Immune Receptors (pdf ... NOD-like receptor Immunologic adjuvant RIG-I-like receptor Toll-Like+Receptors at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical ... TLRs together with the Interleukin-1 receptors form a receptor superfamily, known as the "interleukin-1 receptor / toll-like ... Kawai T, Akira S (May 2010). "The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors". ...
Toll-like receptor 6
December 2009). "Recognition of lipopeptide patterns by Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 heterodimer". Immunity. 31 (6 ... Toll-like receptor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR6 gene. TLR6 is a transmembrane protein, member of toll- ... This receptor functionally interacts with toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to mediate cellular response to gram-positive bacteria, ... like receptor family, which belongs to the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family. TLR6 acts in a heterodimer form with toll ...
Toll-like receptor 3
TLR3 is a member of the toll-like receptor family of pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. TLR3 recognizes ... Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) also known as CD283 (cluster of differentiation 283) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ... "Entrez Gene: toll-like receptor 3". Norval M (2012). "Virus-Cell Interactions". In Greenwood D, Slack RC, Barer MR, et al. (eds ... Pan LN, Zhu W, Li Y, Xu XL, Guo LJ, Lu Q, Wang J (2014). "Astrocytic Toll-like receptor 3 is associated with ischemic ...
Toll-like receptor 1
... (TLR1) is a member of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which is a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs ... Toll-like receptors, All stub articles, Transmembrane receptor stubs). ... Toll-Like+Receptor+1 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) PDBe-KB provides an overview of ... Toll-like receptors, including TLR-1, found on the epithelial cell layer that lines the small and large intestine are important ...
Toll-like receptor 2
TLR2 is one of the toll-like receptors and plays a role in the immune system. TLR2 is a membrane protein, a receptor, which is ... Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene. TLR2 has also been designated ... The following ligands have been reported to be agonists of the toll-like receptor 2: TLR 2 has been shown to interact with TLR ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen ...
Toll-like receptor 11
TLR11 belongs to the toll-like receptor (TLR) family and the interleukin-1 receptor/toll-like receptor superfamily. In mice, ... Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) is a protein that in mice and rats is encoded by the gene TLR11, whereas in humans it is ... Zhang D, Zhang G, Hayden MS, Greenblatt MB, Bussey C, Flavell RA, Ghosh S (March 2004). "A toll-like receptor that prevents ... Hatai H, Lepelley A, Zeng W, Hayden MS, Ghosh S (2016). "Toll-Like Receptor 11 (TLR11) Interacts with Flagellin and Profilin ...
Toll-like receptor 5
... , also known as TLR5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TLR5 gene. It is a member of the toll- ... "Toll-like receptors". Critical Care Medicine. 30 (1 Suppl): S1-11. doi:10.1097/00003246-200201001-00001. PMID 11782555. Toll- ... "Entrez Gene: TLR5 toll-like receptor 5". Hayashi F, Smith KD, Ozinsky A, Hawn TR, Yi EC, Goodlett DR, et al. (April 2001). "The ... August 2003). "Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR5, but not TLR4, are required for Helicobacter pylori-induced NF-kappa B ...
Toll-like receptor 4
"Toll-like receptor 3 mediates a more potent antiviral response than Toll-like receptor 4". Journal of Immunology. 170 (7): 3565 ... TLR4 is a transmembrane protein, member of the toll-like receptor family, which belongs to the pattern recognition receptor ( ... Pålsson-McDermott EM, O'Neill LA (October 2004). "Signal transduction by the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like receptor-4 ... Toll-like receptor 4 has been shown to be important for the long-term side-effects of opioid analgesic drugs. Various μ-opioid ...
Toll-like receptor 8
"Entrez Gene: TLR8 toll-like receptor 8". Seizer L, Rahimi S, Santos-Sierra S, Drexel M (2022) Expression of toll like receptor ... Kaisho T, Akira S (February 2002). "Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular ... Toll-like receptor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR8 gene. TLR8 has also been designated as CD288 (cluster ... Toll-Like+Receptor+8 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) PDBe-KB provides an overview of ...
Toll-like receptor 7
Kaisho T, Akira S (February 2002). "Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular ... Toll-like receptor 7, also known as TLR7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR7 gene. Orthologs are found in ... "Entrez Gene: TLR7 toll-like receptor 7". Heil F, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Kirschning C, Akira S, et al. (March 2004 ... Toll-Like+Receptor+7 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles with short description ...
Toll-like receptor 9
It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. TLR9 is an important receptor expressed in immune system cells including ... Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene. TLR9 has also been designated as CD289 (cluster ... "Entrez Gene: TLR9 toll-like receptor 9". Dias AA, Silva CO, Santos JP, Batista-Silva LR, Acosta CC, Fontes AN, Pinheiro RO, ... Omiya S, Omori Y, Taneike M, Protti A, Yamaguchi O, Akira S, Shah AM, Nishida K, Otsu K (December 2016). "Toll-like receptor 9 ...
Toll-like receptor 10
"Entrez Gene: TLR10 toll-like receptor 10". Lien E, Ingalls RR (2002). "Toll-like receptors". Crit. Care Med. 30 (1 Suppl): S1- ... Toll-like receptor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR10 gene. TLR10 has also been designated as CD290 ( ... Toll-Like+Receptor+10 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Overview of all the structural ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family which play a fundamental role in pathogen ...
Pattern recognition receptor
November 1999). "Toll-like receptor 2 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for diverse bacterial products". The Journal ... Membrane-bound PRRs include Toll like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). Cytoplasmic PRRs include NOD-like ... "Infection mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells through cooperative NOD-like receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling". Cell Host ... Toll-like receptors were first discovered in Drosophila and trigger the synthesis and secretion of cytokines and activation of ...
Enzyme-linked receptor
Alexander SP, Mathie A, Peters JA (February 2007). "Catalytic receptors: Toll-like receptor family". Br. J. Pharmacol. 150 ... An enzyme-linked receptor, also known as a catalytic receptor, is a transmembrane receptor, where the binding of an ... Hence a catalytic receptor is an integral membrane protein possessing both catalytic, and receptor functions. They have two ... Examples of the enzymatic activity include: Receptor tyrosine kinase, as in fibroblast growth factor receptor. Most enzyme- ...
Hydroxychloroquine
Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S (April 2003). "Toll-like receptors". Annual Review of Immunology. 21 (1): 335-76. doi:10.1146/ ... In 2003, a novel mechanism was described wherein hydroxychloroquine inhibits stimulation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 ... TLRs are cellular receptors for microbial products that induce inflammatory responses through activation of the innate immune ...
Nonspecific immune cell
Dendritic cells contain Toll-like receptors (TLR) that will recognize a broad variety of microorganisms in the case of invasion ... Takeda, Kiyoshi; Kaisho, Tsuneyasu; Akira, Shizuo (April 2003). "Toll-Like Receptors". Annual Review of Immunology. 21: 335-376 ... Toll-like receptors are present on each of these cells and recognize a variety of microbial products resulting in the induction ... "Toll-like Receptors". Society of Critical Care Medicine. 30 (1). Lodish, Harvey; Berk, Arnold; Kaiser, Chris; Krieger, Monty; ...
Sjögren syndrome
Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S (2003). "Toll-like receptors". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21: 335-76. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol. ... could prompt epithelial cells to activate the HLA-independent innate immune system through toll-like receptors. Although a ... Perrier, S; Coussediere, C; Dubost, JJ; Albuisson, E; Sauvezie, B (1998). "IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) gene polymorphism ... Tolls DB, Toda I (1999). "Androgens and dry eye in Sjögren's syndrome". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 876 (1): 312-24. Bibcode:1999NYASA. ...
Interleukin-1 receptor family
There are four main groups of TIR domain-containing proteins in animals; Toll-like receptors, Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), ... Bowie A, O'Neill LA (April 2000). "The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: signal generators for pro- ... O'Neill LA (December 2008). "The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: 10 years of progress". Immunological ... Each of these groups is involved mainly in host defence; Toll receptors are also involved in embryogenesis. The TIR domain is ...
Chicken
Brownlie, Robert; Allan, Brenda (September 1, 2010). "Avian toll-like receptors". Cell and Tissue Research. Springer. 343 (1): ...
Innate immune system
Viral components are recognized by different receptors: Toll-like receptors are located in the endosomal membrane and recognize ... Imler JL, Hoffmann JA (July 2001). "Toll receptors in innate immunity". Trends in Cell Biology. 11 (7): 304-311. doi:10.1016/ ... These cells present receptors contained on the surface or within the cell, named pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which ... The various subsets may be considered part of the innate immune system where a restricted TCR or NK receptors may be used as a ...
Vojo Deretic
Delgado, Mónica A; Elmaoued, Rasha A; Davis, Alexander S; Kyei, George; Deretic, Vojo (9 April 2008). "Toll-like receptors ... Kimura, Tomonori; Mandell, Michael; Deretic, Vojo (2016-03-01). "Precision autophagy directed by receptor regulators - emerging ... and the above cited work shows that they act as autophagic receptor-regulators in mammalian cells. A series of studies from ... one of which is to serve as adaptors for autophagic receptors thus sequestering cargo into the autophagosomal lumen. The latest ...
Immunologic adjuvant
... due to the presence of immune receptors called toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are expressed on the membranes of leukocytes ... Toussi DN, Massari P (Apr 2014). "Immune Adjuvant Effect of Molecularly-defined Toll-Like Receptor Ligands". Vaccines. 2 (2): ... Takeda K, Akira S (January 2005). "Toll-like receptors in innate immunity". International Immunology. 17 (1): 1-14. doi:10.1093 ... Mouse studies question importance of toll-like receptors to vaccines". Science. 314 (5807): 1859-1860. doi:10.1126/science. ...
MiR-155
... by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors ((TLRs)). MIR155HG (i.e. miR-155-5p) expression is greatly ... Takeda K, Akira S (Jan 2005). "Toll-like receptors in innate immunity". International Immunology. 17 (1): 1-14. doi:10.1093/ ... "IL-10 inhibits miR-155 induction by toll-like receptors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (27): 20492-20498. doi: ... "IL-10 inhibits miR-155 induction by toll-like receptors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (27): 20492-20498. doi: ...
Jared Roach
"The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ... Marla J. F. O'Neill (June 1, 2015). "TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CATION CHANNEL, SUBFAMILY V, MEMBER 3; TRPV3". Online ...
Adaptive immune system
Another set comprises pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors, which induce the production of interferons and ... Uematsu S, Akira S (May 2007). "Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (21): ... which became a popular subject after the discovery of the Toll receptor system in Drosophila, a previously marginal organism ... and the receptors that recognize antigens must be produced in a huge variety of configurations, in essence one receptor (at ...
Asya Rolls
Rolls explored the role of Toll-like Receptors in neurogenesis and found that TLR2 and TLR4 play opposing roles in the ... Molecular Psychiatry Rolls A., Shechter R.*, London A., Ziv Y., Ronen A., Levy R. and Schwartz M. (2007) Toll-like receptors ... "Toll-like receptors modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis". Nature Cell Biology. 9 (9): 1081-1088. doi:10.1038/ncb1629. ISSN ...
Inflammation
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial pathogens. Acute inflammation can be a defensive mechanism to protect tissues ... As well as endocytic PRRs, phagocytes also express opsonin receptors Fc receptor and complement receptor 1 (CR1), which bind to ... November 2005). "Regulation of lung injury and repair by Toll-like receptors and hyaluronan". Nature Medicine. 11 (11): 1173-9 ... These cells possess surface receptors known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize (i.e., bind) two ...
Anti-dsDNA antibodies
CpG motif DNA acts via the pattern recognition receptor, toll-like receptor 9, found highly expressed in PDCs and B cells. The ... Marshak-Rothstein A (November 2006). "Toll-like receptors in systemic autoimmune disease". Nature Reviews Immunology. 6 (11): ...
Immune system
Ten toll-like receptors have been described in humans. Cells in the innate immune system have pattern recognition receptors, ... Three major classes of these "cytosolic" receptors are NOD-like receptors, RIG (retinoic acid-inducible gene)-like receptors, ... Toll-like receptors were first discovered in Drosophila and trigger the synthesis and secretion of cytokines and activation of ... Botos I, Segal DM, Davies DR (April 2011). "The structural biology of Toll-like receptors". Structure. 19 (4): 447-59. doi: ...