Toll-like receptor 1
... is a member of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which is a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that form the cornerstone ... Toll-like receptors, All stub articles, Transmembrane receptor stubs). ... Toll-Like+Receptor+1 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) PDBe-KB provides an overview of ... Toll-like receptors, including TLR-1, found on the epithelial cell layer that lines the small and large intestine are important ...
Toll-like receptor 6
December 2009). "Recognition of lipopeptide patterns by Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 heterodimer". Immunity. 31 (6 ... Toll-like receptor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR6 gene. TLR6 is a transmembrane protein, member of toll- ... This receptor functionally interacts with toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to mediate cellular response to gram-positive bacteria, ... like receptor family, which belongs to the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family. TLR6 acts in a heterodimer form with toll ...
Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors and ligands database at University of Munich The Toll-Like Receptor Family of Innate Immune Receptors (pdf ... NOD-like receptor Immunologic adjuvant RIG-I-like receptor Toll-Like+Receptors at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical ... Kawai T, Akira S (May 2010). "The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors". ... This difference might reflect a function of these receptors as cytokine receptors rather than PRRs. The toll pathway is ...
Toll-like receptor 10
"Entrez Gene: TLR10 toll-like receptor 10". Lien E, Ingalls RR (2002). "Toll-like receptors". Crit. Care Med. 30 (1 Suppl): S1- ... Toll-like receptor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR10 gene. TLR10 has also been designated as CD290 ( ... Toll-Like+Receptor+10 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Overview of all the structural ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family which play a fundamental role in pathogen ...
Toll-like receptor 2
TLR2 is one of the toll-like receptors and plays a role in the immune system. TLR2 is a membrane protein, a receptor, which is ... Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene. TLR2 has also been designated ... The following ligands have been reported to be agonists of the toll-like receptor 2: TLR 2 has been shown to interact with TLR ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen ...
Toll-like receptor 5
... , also known as TLR5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TLR5 gene. It is a member of the toll- ... "Entrez Gene: TLR5 toll-like receptor 5". Hayashi F, Smith KD, Ozinsky A, Hawn TR, Yi EC, Goodlett DR, et al. (April 2001). "The ... August 2003). "Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR5, but not TLR4, are required for Helicobacter pylori-induced NF-kappa B ... Toll-Like+Receptor+5 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (CS1: long volume value, Articles ...
Toll-like receptor 8
"Entrez Gene: TLR8 toll-like receptor 8". Seizer L, Rahimi S, Santos-Sierra S, Drexel M (2022) Expression of toll like receptor ... Kaisho T, Akira S (February 2002). "Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular ... Toll-like receptor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR8 gene. TLR8 has also been designated as CD288 (cluster ... Toll-Like+Receptor+8 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) PDBe-KB provides an overview of ...
Toll-like receptor 7
Kaisho T, Akira S (February 2002). "Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular ... Toll-like receptor 7, also known as TLR7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR7 gene. Orthologs are found in ... "Entrez Gene: TLR7 toll-like receptor 7". Heil F, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Kirschning C, Akira S, et al. (March 2004 ... Toll-Like+Receptor+7 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles with short description ...
Toll-like receptor 3
TLR3 is a member of the toll-like receptor family of pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. TLR3 recognizes ... Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) also known as CD283 (cluster of differentiation 283) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ... "Entrez Gene: toll-like receptor 3". Norval M (2012). "Virus-Cell Interactions". In Greenwood D, Slack RC, Barer MR, et al. (eds ... Pan LN, Zhu W, Li Y, Xu XL, Guo LJ, Lu Q, Wang J (2014). "Astrocytic Toll-like receptor 3 is associated with ischemic ...
Toll-like receptor 9
It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. TLR9 is an important receptor expressed in immune system cells including ... Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene. TLR9 has also been designated as CD289 (cluster ... "Entrez Gene: TLR9 toll-like receptor 9". Dias AA, Silva CO, Santos JP, Batista-Silva LR, Acosta CC, Fontes AN, Pinheiro RO, ... Omiya S, Omori Y, Taneike M, Protti A, Yamaguchi O, Akira S, Shah AM, Nishida K, Otsu K (December 2016). "Toll-like receptor 9 ...
Toll-like receptor 11
... (TLR11) is a protein that in mice and rats is encoded by the gene TLR11, whereas in humans it is ... Zhang D, Zhang G, Hayden MS, Greenblatt MB, Bussey C, Flavell RA, Ghosh S (March 2004). "A toll-like receptor that prevents ... Hatai H, Lepelley A, Zeng W, Hayden MS, Ghosh S (2016). "Toll-Like Receptor 11 (TLR11) Interacts with Flagellin and Profilin ... TLR11 belongs to the toll-like receptor (TLR) family and the interleukin-1 receptor/toll-like receptor superfamily. In mice, ...
Hydroxychloroquine
Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S (April 2003). "Toll-like receptors". Annual Review of Immunology. 21 (1): 335-76. doi:10.1146/ ... In 2003, a novel mechanism was described wherein hydroxychloroquine inhibits stimulation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 ... TLRs are cellular receptors for microbial products that induce inflammatory responses through activation of the innate immune ... 18 (1): 186. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1543-z. PMC 5427554. PMID 28499370. Steere AC, Angelis SM (October 2006). "Therapy for Lyme ...
Nonspecific immune cell
Dendritic cells contain Toll-like receptors (TLR) that will recognize a broad variety of microorganisms in the case of invasion ... Takeda, Kiyoshi; Kaisho, Tsuneyasu; Akira, Shizuo (April 2003). "Toll-Like Receptors". Annual Review of Immunology. 21: 335-376 ... Toll-like receptors are present on each of these cells and recognize a variety of microbial products resulting in the induction ... "Toll-like Receptors". Society of Critical Care Medicine. 30 (1). Lodish, Harvey; Berk, Arnold; Kaiser, Chris; Krieger, Monty; ...
Sjögren syndrome
Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S (2003). "Toll-like receptors". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21: 335-76. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol. ... could prompt epithelial cells to activate the HLA-independent innate immune system through toll-like receptors. Although a ... Tolls DB, Toda I (1999). "Androgens and dry eye in Sjögren's syndrome". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 876 (1): 312-24. Bibcode:1999NYASA. ... B-cell activation through CXCR5-directed recruitment to lymphoid follicles and B-cell receptor (BCR) activation involving BLK, ...
Toll-interleukin receptor
... the toll/IL-1R homologous region (TIR). The similarity between toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1R is not restricted to ... It contains three highly conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions between the toll-like receptors (TLRs) ... The toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) homology domain is an intracellular signaling domain found in MyD88, SARM1, interleukin-1 ... receptors, toll receptors and many plant R proteins. ... In addition, members of the toll family play a key role in ...
Bruce Beutler
"RNA-associated autoantigens activate B cells by combined B cell antigen receptor/Toll-like receptor 7 engagement". The Journal ... numerous cell surface receptors, including the TGFβ receptor, B cell receptor, and T cell receptor activate NF-κB. In short, it ... Beutler and his team thus proved that one of the mammalian Toll-like receptors, TLR4, acts as the membrane-spanning component ... Beutler, B.; Poltorak, A. (June 2000). "Positional cloning of Lps, and the general role of toll-like receptors in the innate ...
Phagocyte
They include opsonin receptors, scavenger receptors, and Toll-like receptors. Opsonin receptors increase the phagocytosis of ... Scavenger receptors bind to a large range of molecules on the surface of bacterial cells, and Toll-like receptors-so called ... Mast cells have Toll-like receptors and interact with dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells to help mediate adaptive immune ... Binding to Toll-like receptors increases phagocytosis and causes the phagocyte to release a group of hormones that cause ...
Chicken
"Avian toll-like receptors". Cell and Tissue Research. Springer. 343 (1): 121-130. doi:10.1007/s00441-010-1026-0. ISSN 0302-766X ... 7 (1): 109-117. doi:10.1534/g3.116.035923. PMC 5217101. PMID 27852011. Zhang, H.; Wang, X.T.; Chamba, Y.; Ling, Y.; Wu, C.X. ( ... 28 (1): 73-86. doi:10.2307/3677097. JSTOR 3677097. Bain, M. M.; Nys, Y.; Dunn, I.C. (May 3, 2016). "Increasing persistency in ... 123 (1-3): 144-153. doi:10.1007/s12011-007-8083-6. PMID 18188513. S2CID 24775551. de Carvalho Curi, T. M. R.; de Alencar Nääs, ...
Toll-like receptor 4
"Toll-like receptor 3 mediates a more potent antiviral response than Toll-like receptor 4". Journal of Immunology. 170 (7): 3565 ... TLR4 is a transmembrane protein, member of the toll-like receptor family, which belongs to the pattern recognition receptor ( ... Pålsson-McDermott EM, O'Neill LA (October 2004). "Signal transduction by the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like receptor-4 ... Toll-like receptor 4 has been shown to be important for the long-term side-effects of opioid analgesic drugs. Various μ-opioid ...
TICAM2
... toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2". Sullivan C, Postlethwait JH, Lage CR, et al. (2007). "Evidence for evolving Toll ... 2004). "TIR-containing adapter molecule (TICAM)-2, a bridging adapter recruiting to toll-like receptor 4 TICAM-1 that induces ... 2006). "The myristoylation of TRIF-related adaptor molecule is essential for Toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction". Proc. ... 2003). "TRAM is specifically involved in the Toll-like receptor 4-mediated MyD88-independent signaling pathway". Nat. Immunol. ...
Innate immune defect
Maglione PJ, Simchoni N, Cunningham-Rundles C (November 2015). "Toll-like receptor signaling in primary immune deficiencies". ... 1356 (1): 1-21. doi:10.1111/nyas.12763. PMC 4629506. PMID 25930993. von Bernuth H, Picard C, Jin Z, Pankla R, Xiao H, Ku CL, et ... 36 (1): 206-14. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2013.11.005. PMID 24239597. Maglione PJ, Simchoni N, Black S, Radigan L, Overbey JR, Bagiella ... 58 (1): 66-76. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2013.11.008. PMID 24316379. Picard C, Casanova JL, Puel A (July 2011). "Infectious diseases ...
Enzyme-linked receptor
Alexander SP, Mathie A, Peters JA (February 2007). "Catalytic receptors: Toll-like receptor family". Br. J. Pharmacol. 150 ... An enzyme-linked receptor, also known as a catalytic receptor, is a transmembrane receptor, where the binding of an ... Hence a catalytic receptor is an integral membrane protein possessing both catalytic, and receptor functions. They have two ... Examples of the enzymatic activity include: Receptor tyrosine kinase, as in fibroblast growth factor receptor. Most enzyme- ...
Immunologic adjuvant
... due to the presence of immune receptors called toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are expressed on the membranes of leukocytes ... Toussi DN, Massari P (Apr 2014). "Immune Adjuvant Effect of Molecularly-defined Toll-Like Receptor Ligands". Vaccines. 2 (2): ... Takeda K, Akira S (January 2005). "Toll-like receptors in innate immunity". International Immunology. 17 (1): 1-14. doi:10.1093 ... Mouse studies question importance of toll-like receptors to vaccines". Science. 314 (5807): 1859-1860. doi:10.1126/science. ...
TNIP1
Shamilov R, Aneskievich BJ (2018-10-03). "TNIP1 in Autoimmune Diseases: Regulation of Toll-like Receptor Signaling". Journal of ... TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1, also known as ABIN-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNIP1 gene. Genetic ... 297 (1): 17-23. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02086-7. PMID 12220502. Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, Kikuno R, Ohara O, Nagase ... 442 (1): 83-88. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01631-7. PMID 9923610. S2CID 86298611. Gupta K, Ott D, Hope TJ, Siliciano RF, Boeke ...
CpG oligodeoxynucleotide
The CpG PAMP is recognized by the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9), which is constitutively ... Wu CC, Lee J, Raz E, Corr M, Carson DA (August 2004). "Necessity of oligonucleotide aggregation for toll-like receptor 9 ... Bauer S, Wagner H (2002). "Bacterial CpG-DNA licenses TLR9". Toll-Like Receptor Family Members and Their Ligands. Current ... 106 (1): 102-12. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.2002.01410.x. PMC 1782689. PMID 11972638. ...
Jean Marshall
Toll‐like receptor 4‐mediated activation of murine mast cells. Journal of leukocyte biology. 2001 Dec;70(6):977-84. Cited 235 ... Cutting edge: distinct Toll-like receptor 2 activators selectively induce different classes of mediator production from human ... her lab also has a special interest in toll-like receptors in mucosal immune regulation. Marshall attended high school in ... Her early work characterizing the role of the histamine receptor on mast cells has now become relevant to the context of cancer ...
Lung microbiota
... toll like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible ... "Activation of Airway Epithelial Cells by Toll-Like Receptor Agonists". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular ... through a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ)-dependent pathway. PPAR-γ target transcriptionally active Rel A ... 30 (1): 16-34. doi:10.3109/08830185.2010.529976. PMID 21235323. S2CID 42000671. Sha, Q.; Truong-Tran, AQ; Plitt, JR; Beck, LA; ...
Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune receptors that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) ... Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect microorganisms by recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and IL- ... Li, Jing; Wang, Xiaohui; Zhang, Fengchun; Yin, Hang (2013). "Toll-like receptors as therapeutic targets for autoimmune ... that functions downstream of a Toll receptor. Cao's lab confirmed the kinase's activity as necessarily associated with the IL-1 ...
William Paul Duprex
Hemagglutinin protein of wild-type measles virus activates toll-like receptor 2 signaling (2002). Journal of virology, 76 (17 ... Ligand-induced conformational changes allosterically activate Toll-like receptor 9 (2007). Nature immunology, 8 (7), 772-779. ... Replication in a Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T-Cell Therapy Recipient: A Case Study (2021). Clin Infect Dis., 73(3): ... "Measles virus superinfection immunity and receptor redistribution in persistently infected NT2 cells". Journal of General ...
Interleukin-1 receptor family
... and insect and nematode Toll. Each of these groups is involved mainly in host defence; Toll receptors are also involved in ... There are four main groups of TIR domain-containing proteins in animals; Toll-like receptors, Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), ... O'Neill LA, Bowie AG (May 2007). "The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling". Nature ... IL-1RAcP is a second receptor subunit of IL-1RI. By forming a receptor heterodimer with IL-1RI facilitates signalization due to ...