1998). "The human proteinase-activated receptor-3 (PAR-3) gene. Identification within a Par gene cluster and characterization ... Protease activated receptor 3 (PAR-3) also known as coagulation factor II receptor-like 2 (F2RL2) and thrombin receptor-like 2 ... F2RL2 is also a member of the protease-activated receptor family and activated by thrombin. F2RL2 is activated by proteolytic ... Proteinase-activated receptors". Pharmacol. Rev. 54 (2): 203-17. doi:10.1124/pr.54.2.203. PMID 12037136. S2CID 3188040. ...

Proteinase-Activated+Receptors at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Protease activated ... Protease-activated receptor 1 Protease-activated receptor 2 Protease-activated receptor 3 Macfarlane SR, Seatter MJ, Kanke T, ... Protease-activated receptors (PAR) are a subfamily of related G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by cleavage of ... Proteinase-activated receptors". Pharmacological Reviews. 54 (2): 203-217. doi:10.1124/pr.54.2.203. PMID 12037136. S2CID ...

Proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) also known as protease-activated receptor 1 or coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor ... Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P25116 (Proteinase-activated receptor 1) at the ... Structural similarity to the proteinase activated receptor-2 gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (16): 9307-12. doi ... "José RJ, Williams AE, Chambers RC (February 2014). "Proteinase-activated receptors in fibroproliferative lung disease". Thorax ...

Rattenholl A, Steinhoff M (September 2008). "Proteinase-activated receptor-2 in the skin: receptor expression, activation and ... Protease-activated receptor Protease-activated receptor 1 Protease-activated receptor 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... and adjacent location of the thrombin receptor and protease-activated receptor 2 genes define a protease-activated receptor ... and activates the receptor. These receptors can also be activated non-protealytically, by exogenous peptide sequences that ...

"The Human Proteinase-activated Receptor-3 (PAR-3) Gene". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (24): 15061-15068. doi:10.1074/ ...

"Induction of intestinal inflammation in mouse by activation of proteinase-activated receptor-2". The American Journal of ...

"CUX1 transcription factor is a downstream effector of the proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)". J. Biol. Chem. 284 (1): 36- ... Cux1 DNA binding is stimulated by activation of the PAR2/F2RL1 cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptor in fibroblasts and ... Chattopadhyay S, Whitehurst CE, Chen J (1998). "A nuclear matrix attachment region upstream of the T cell receptor beta gene ... "S Phase-Specific Proteolytic Cleavage Is Required To Activate Stable DNA Binding by the CDP/Cut Homeodomain Protein". Mol. Cell ...

"Development of testicular inflammation in the rat involves activation of proteinase-activated receptor-2". The Journal of ... They are often found within tissues where they can be activated by antigen-presenting cells upon infection. They are present in ... An example is production of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β by activated rat testicular macrophages: these ... Miller SC (1983). "Structure, cytochemistry, endocytic activity, and immunoglobulin (Fc) receptors of rat testicular ...

"Thrombin-induced platelet endostatin release is blocked by a proteinase activated receptor-4 (PAR4) antagonist". Br. J. ... Endostatin binding and clustering of integrins causes co-localization with caveolin-1 and activates non-receptor tyrosine ... Other receptor interactions include the VEGF-R2/KDR/Flk-1 receptor on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Endostatin may ... 2001). "Cell surface glypicans are low-affinity endostatin receptors" (PDF). Mol. Cell. 7 (4): 811-22. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765( ...

December 2006). "Distinct activity of peptide mimetic intracellular ligands (pepducins) for proteinase-activated receptor-1 in ... "Turning Receptors On and Off with Intracellular Pepducins: New Insights into G-protein Coupled Receptor Drug Development". J ... Pepducins employ lipidated fragments of intracellular G protein-coupled receptor loops to modulate GPCR action in targeted cell ... Kuliopulos A, Covic L (December 2003). "Blocking receptors on the inside: pepducin-based intervention of PAR signaling and ...

... is a drug which acts as a potent and selective antagonist of the thrombin receptor proteinase activated receptor 1 ( ... Yang JN, Chen J, Xiao M (February 2017). "A protease-activated receptor 1 antagonist protects against global cerebral ischemia/ ... January 2019). "Inhibition of protease-activated receptor 1 ameliorates behavioral deficits and restores hippocampal synaptic ... December 2019). "Fibrinolysis protease receptors promote activation of astrocytes to express pro-inflammatory cytokines". ...

... and bind to the variable region of the beta chain of T-cell receptors (TCRs). Once activated, the T cells release pro- ... Streptococcal cysteine proteinase has roles in immune evasion and apoptosis, as well as potential influence on bacterial ... The receptor-binding pathway and Fas-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway have been implicated in this process. The induction ... The interactions with TCRs are characterized by low affinities and fast dissociation, allowing the toxin to activate multiple T ...

2008). "Cowhage-evoked itch is mediated by a novel cysteine protease: a ligand of protease-activated receptors". J. Neurosci. ... Shelley, WB; Arthur, RP (1955). "Mucunain, the active pruritogenic proteinase of cowhage". Science. 122 (3167): 469-470. ...

Sambrano GR, Huang W, Faruqi T, Mahrus S, Craik C, Coughlin SR (March 2000). "Cathepsin G activates protease-activated receptor ... protease inhibitor as a tool for studying the roles of neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3 in pulmonary edema". ... Baggiolini M, Schnyder J, Bretz U, Dewald B, Ruch W (1979). "Cellular mechanisms of proteinase release from inflammatory cells ... Cohen AB, Stevens MD, Miller EJ, Atkinson MA, Mullenbach G (August 1992). "Generation of the neutrophil-activating peptide-2 by ...

After the binding of TGF-β, the type 2 receptor kinase phosphorylates and activates the type 1 receptor kinase that activates a ... Integrins αVβ6 and αVβ3 are suggested to simultaneously bind the latent TGF-β1 complex and proteinases, simultaneous inducing ... the type 2 receptor kinase phosphorylates and activates the type 1 receptor kinase that activates a signaling cascade. In the ... receptor-activated Smads are phosphorylated by the type 1 TGF-β receptor kinase, and these go on to complex with other Smads, ...

... or cleavage and release of receptors. Release of the receptor may also generate soluble receptors which act as decoys by ... are serine proteases which cleave and activate plasminogen. The activated form of plasminogen, plasmin, is a wide-ranging ... Shedding of a membrane-anchored cytokine or growth factor by ADAM proteinases may be relevant for various signal transduction ... The ephrins EPH receptor A2 and A3 are shed by ADAM10, creating cleaved soluble Eph receptors, which inhibit tumor angiogenesis ...

In most cases an activated TGF-β ligand will initiate the TGF-β signaling cascade as long as TGF-β receptors I and II are ... Integrins αVβ6 and αVβ3 are suggested to simultaneously bind the latent TGF-β1 complex and proteinases, simultaneous inducing ... Despite the fact that MMPs have been proven to play a key role in activating TGF-β, mice with mutations in MMP-9 and MMP-2 ... TSP-1 activates latent TGF-beta by forming direct interactions with the latent TGF-β complex and induces a conformational ...

... and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels. The result of this action is to activate or inhibit the action of these ... It also contains a group of proteinase inhibitors from the plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica spp. The Brassica napus ( ... Bohlen CJ, Julius D (September 2012). "Receptor-targeting mechanisms of pain-causing toxins: How ow?". Toxicon. 60 (3): 254-64 ... April 1992). "Purification, inhibitory properties and amino acid sequence of a new serine proteinase inhibitor from white ...

Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The protein ... Rozanov DV, Hahn-Dantona E, Strickland DK, Strongin AY (2004). "The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein LRP is ... The protein activates MMP2 by cleavage. In melanocytic cells MMP17 gene expression may be regulated by MITF. GRCh38: Ensembl ... by glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored membrane type 4-matrix metalloproteinase and binding of the activated proteinase to ...

The high Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol activates Ca2+-dependent proteinases, calpains, and the endogenous Ca2+-dependent ... interacts with high-affinity specific protein receptors or low-affinity lipid domains of muscle cells and motor neurons. ...

Banik NL, DeVries GH, Neuberger T, Russell T, Chakrabarti AK, Hogan EL (July 1991). "Calcium-activated neutral proteinase (CANP ... "Functional cleavage of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gammac) by calpain". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Miyake S, Emori Y, Suzuki K (November 1986). "Gene organization of the small subunit of human calcium-activated neutral ...

It can also trigger the release of IL6 and IL8 through activation of PAR1 (Protease activated receptor 1). Cleavage of ... Granzyme B's most common inhibitor is SERPINB9 also known as proteinase inhibitor nine (PI-9) which is 376 amino acids long and ... Cathepsin H has also been reported to activate granzyme B. Granzyme B's structure consists of two 6 stranded β sheets with 3 ... Once inside the target cell, granzyme B can cleave and activate initiator caspases 8 and 10, and executioner caspases 3 and 7 ...

These microbe associated molecules interact with receptors on the surface of plant cells, and activate a biochemical response ... They produce antimicrobial compounds such as phytoalexins, chitinases, and proteinase inhibitors, which prevent the growth of ... lacking the SPP1 receptor protein). Upon exposure to vesicles containing receptors, transduction of pBT163 (a cat-encoding ... Biofilm dispersal induced bacteria to activate dispersal genes to actively depart from biofilms as single cells at consistent ...

When fatty acid amides are present in insect saliva, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated. These genes ... The plants do this using proteinase inhibitors. These proteinase inhibitors prevent protein digestion and once in the digestive ... Another method of detection involves the use of plant immune receptors to detect effector molecules released into plant cells ... Once detected, a signal transduction network is activated. The presence of an elicitor causes an influx of Ca2+ ions to be ...

... demonstrating InsP5 to be a necessary component of the co-receptor and playing a role in potentiating the co-receptor complex. ... By activating the JA wound response pathway, P. syringae could divert resources from its host's immune system and infect more ... Farmer, E. E.; Ryan, C. A. (1990). "Interplant communication: airborne methyl jasmonate induces synthesis of proteinase ... However, given the large spectrum of JA molecules, not all JA derivatives activate this pathway for signaling, and the range of ...

S leads to itch and pain is consistent with the capacity of this cysteine protease to activate protease-activated receptors 2 ... "Cross-class inhibition of the cysteine proteinases cathepsins K, L, and S by the serpin squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1: a ... as a signaling molecule via activation of protease-activated receptors 2 and 4 members of the G-protein coupled receptor family ... "Redefining the concept of protease-activated receptors: cathepsin S evokes itch via activation of Mrgprs". Nature ...

"Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human anaphylatoxin C5a receptor". J. Biol. ... "Antibodies against the C2 COOH-terminal region discriminate the active and latent forms of the multicatalytic proteinase ... Oppermann M, Götze O (1995). "Plasma clearance of the human C5a anaphylatoxin by binding to leucocyte C5a receptors". ... 1996). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human anaphylatoxin C3a receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (34): 20231-4. doi: ...

May 2009). "Neisseria gonorrhoeae activates the proteinase cathepsin B to mediate the signaling activities of the NLRP3 and ASC ... The second is a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR), which serves as a ligand-recognition domain for other receptors (e.g. TLR ... The activated caspase-1 finally cleaves the immature pro-inflammatory cytokines pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18, as well as gasdermin D ... The activated NK cells can then help in restricting the pathogen loads and spread to systemic sites at later time points ...

... serum progesterone remains at a stably high concentration so signaling through its receptor is continuously activated. As one ... Shrinkage of the mammary duct tree and ECM remodeling by various proteinase is under the control of somatostatin and other ... At the same time, the embryonic mesenchymal cells around the epithelial bud receive secreting factors activated by PTHrP, such ... Their binding ensures correct placement of prolactin receptors on the basal lateral side of alveoli cells and directional ...

Each subunit has several domains, of which include a bait region that can engage with different surface receptors on cells and ... Additionally, it can activate a number of genes necessary for cell oncogenesis, atherosclerosis, and proliferation/hypertrophy ... The fact that alpha-2 macroglobulin interacts with and engulfs nearly any proteinase it comes across, whether it is native or ... The direct physical interrelation of cytokines with activated alpha-2 macroglobulin in cell cultures suggested that it has a ...

... s act as receptor antagonists, inhibiting aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, platelet-activating factor and ... It has been suggested that these proteinases are able to cleave themselves from the disintegrin domains and that the latter may ... They interact with the beta-1 and -3 families of integrins receptors. Integrins are cell receptors involved in cell-cell and ... thereby blocking the binding of fibrinogen to the receptor-glycoprotein complex of activated platelets. ...