Cell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) are receptors that are embedded in the plasma membrane of ... Receptor protein: cells must have cell surface receptor proteins which bind to the signaling molecule and communicate inward ... receptors Integrins Low Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor NMDA receptor Several Immune receptors Toll-like receptor T cell ... Adrenergic receptor Olfactory receptors Receptor tyrosine kinases Epidermal growth factor receptor Insulin Receptor Fibroblast ...

TLR1 is a cell surface receptor. TLR1 is in humans encoded by the TLR1 gene, which is located on chromosome 4. The binding of ... Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) is a member of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which is a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs ... immature dendritic cells, LTi-like innate lymphoid cells and eosinophils. It is also found on the surface of macrophages and ... Toll-like receptors, including TLR-1, found on the epithelial cell layer that lines the small and large intestine are important ...

KIR3DS1 NK cell receptors bind directly to the MHC class I molecules on the surface of target cells. Human killer cell ... Because natural killer cells target virally infected host cells and tumor cells, inhibitory KIR receptors are important in ... The co-expression of many MHC-specific receptors by NK cells is disfavored, likely because cells that co-express receptors are ... leading to distinct NK cells. The IgSF and CTLR superfamily inhibitory receptors expressed on the surface of NK cells are each ...

The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a protein complex found on the surface of T cells, or T lymphocytes, that is responsible for ... T cells expressing this receptor are referred to as α:β (or αβ) T cells, though a minority of T cells express an alternate ... UMich Orientation of Proteins in Membranes protein/pdbid-2hac - Zeta-zeta dimer of T-cell receptor T-Cell+Receptor at the U.S. ... the T-cell receptor signalling should not be activated by self-pMHC so that endogenous, healthy cells are ignored by T cells. ...

At the cell surface the receptor exists as a homodimer. The crystal structure has been known since 2018. 5-HT2C receptors are ... Editing is also thought to function in cell surface expression of the receptor subtype. The fully edited VGV, which has the ... 5-HT2C receptors are also found on epithelial cells lining the ventricles. The 5-HT2C receptor is one of the many binding sites ... Third, RNA editing controls the ultimate physiological output of constitutively active receptors by affecting the cell surface ...

The CI-MPR is also present on the cell surface. Around 10-20% of the CI-MPR can be found at the cell membrane. Its function ... The larger receptor is known as the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR), while the smaller receptor (CD- ... Studies of I-cell disease led to the discovery of the receptors that bind to this specific tag. Firstly the CI-MPR was ... It is thought that when the CI-MPR is present on the cell surface, domain 11 will bind to any IGF-II free in the extracellular ...

This protein functions as a cell surface receptor for bile acids. Treatment of cells expressing this GPCR with bile acids ... The G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) also known G-protein coupled receptor 19 (GPCR19), membrane-type receptor ... 2007). "The G-protein coupled bile salt receptor TGR5 is expressed in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells". Hepatology. 45 (3): ... "Bile Acid Receptor". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. ...

Then, Killer Inhibitory Receptors (KIRs) examine the surface of the tumor cell in order to determine the levels of MHC class I ... Killer Activation Receptors (KARs) are receptors expressed on the plasmatic membrane of Natural Killer cells (NK cells). KARs ... Killer-cell inhibitory receptors involve both immunoglobulin-like receptors and C-type lectin-like receptors. There are two ... Radaev, Sergei; Sun, Peter D. (June 2003). "Structure and Function of Natural Killer Cell Surface Receptors". Annual Review of ...

273-. ISBN 978-1-4200-0716-9. Thiriet M (14 December 2011). Signaling at the Cell Surface in the Circulatory and Ventilatory ... There are seven type I receptors, termed the activin-like receptors (ALK1-7), five type II receptors, and one type III receptor ... receptors are a family of serine/threonine kinase receptors involved in TGF beta signaling pathway. These receptors bind growth ... TGF beta receptors, Transmembrane receptors, Protein families, All stub articles, Receptor stubs). ...

FGFR1-4 are cell surface membrane receptors that possess tyrosine kinase activity. A full-length representative of these four ... FGFs binding to FGFR1 is promoted by their interaction with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and, with respect to ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), also known as basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, fms-related tyrosine ... cell stimulation by activated FGFR1 as well as other tyrosine kinase receptors such as the Epidermal growth factor receptor. ...

STRA6 is unique as it functions both as a membrane transporter and a cell surface receptor, particularly as a cytokine receptor ... Blaner WS (March 2007). "STRA6, a cell-surface receptor for retinol-binding protein: the plot thickens". Cell Metabolism. 5 (3 ... Blaner WS (March 2007). "STRA6, a cell-surface receptor for retinol-binding protein: the plot thickens". Cell Metabolism. 5 (3 ... Vitamin A receptor, Stimulated by retinoic acid 6 or STRA6 protein was originally discovered as a transmembrane cell-surface ...

"Separation and reformation of cell surface dopamine receptor oligomers visualized in cells". European Journal of Pharmacology. ... The D1-D2 dopamine receptor heteromer is a receptor heteromer consisting of D1 and D2 protomers. D1 and D2 receptors interact ... The D1-D2 receptor is upregulated in individuals with major depression, and especially the ratio D1-D2 to D1 receptor is ... The signalling of the D1-D2 receptor heteromer is distinct from that of the parent receptor monomers. It comprises Gq/11 ...

Receptors can be membrane-bound, as cell surface receptors, or inside the cell as intracellular receptors, such as nuclear ... Christopoulos A (March 2002). "Allosteric binding sites on cell-surface receptors: novel targets for drug discovery". Nature ... Binding to the active site on the receptor regulates receptor activation directly. The activity of receptors can also be ... A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and ...

Scavenger receptors are a large and diverse superfamily of cell surface receptors. Its properties were first recorded in 1970 ... Scavenger receptors are mainly found on myeloid cells and other cells that bind to numerous ligands, primarily endogenous and ... CD36 can be found in many different cells, for example, insulin-responsive cells, hematopoietic cells like platelets, monocytes ... and macrophages, endothelial cells, and specialized epithelial cells in the breast and the eye. Some receptors that can bind to ...

"Ubiquitous cell-surface glycoprotein on tumor cells is proliferation-associated receptor for transferrin". Proceedings of the ... Aisen P (November 2004). "Transferrin receptor 1". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 36 (11): 2137-43. ... in contrast to glycophorin that marks all types of red blood cells. Transferrin receptor 2 Cluster of differentiation GRCh38: ... the adult T cell leukemia (ATLL) caused by HTLV-1 and the Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).[citation needed] TfR1 expressed on the ...

Kunz D, Gerard NP, Gerard C (1992). "The human leukocyte platelet-activating factor receptor. cDNA cloning, cell surface ... 1995). "Streptococcus pneumoniae anchor to activated human cells by the receptor for platelet-activating factor". Nature. 377 ( ... 1995). "Expression of human platelet-activating factor receptor gene in EoL-1 cells following butyrate-induced differentiation ... "Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical ...

In order to regain thrombin responsiveness, PAR1 must be replenished in the cell surface. Uncleaved PAR1 in the cell membrane ... Proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) also known as protease-activated receptor 1 or coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor ... "Molecular cloning of a functional thrombin receptor reveals a novel proteolytic mechanism of receptor activation". Cell. 64 (6 ... PAR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor and one of four protease-activated receptors involved in the regulation of thrombotic ...

Banham AH (2007). "Cell-surface IL-7 receptor expression facilitates the purification of FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells". Trends ... 1996). "Interleukin-7 signaling in human B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and murine BAF3 cells involves ... IL7R-α is a type I cytokine receptor and is a subunit of the functional Interleukin-7 receptor and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin ... Akashi K, Kondo M, Weissman IL (1999). "Role of interleukin-7 in T-cell development from hematopoietic stem cells". Immunol. ...

"Fibronectin and asialoglyprotein receptor mediate hepatitis B surface antigen binding to the cell surface". Arch. Virol. 155 (6 ... This gene encodes a subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. This receptor is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical ... "Expression of a functional asialoglycoprotein receptor in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells". Nephron. 91 (3): 431- ... of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor are present with the major subunit H1 in different hetero-oligomeric receptor ...

L.E. Limbird (2005) Cell Surface Receptors: A Short Course on Theory and Methods. 3rd Edition Springer ISBN 0-387-23069-6 ... Receptor theory is the application of receptor models to explain drug behavior. Pharmacological receptor models preceded ... Receptors are saturable and finite (limited number of binding sites) Receptors must possess high affinity for its endogenous ... It was first described by Black and Leff in 1983 as an alternative model of receptor activation. Similar to the receptor ...

The 5-HT2A receptor is a cell surface receptor, but has several intracellular locations. 5-HT is short for 5-hydroxy-tryptamine ... The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled ... "Presynaptic 5-HT2A-mGlu2/3 Receptor-Receptor Crosstalk in the Prefrontal Cortex: Metamodulation of Glutamate Exocytosis". Cells ... Especially high concentrations of this receptor on the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells in layer V of the cortex may ...

... , also termed CD140a, is a receptor located on the surface of a wide range of cell ... cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. Activation of PDGFRA requires ... blood cells, connective tissue, and mesangial cells. Somatic mutations that cause the fusion of the PDGFRA gene with certain ... This receptor binds to certain isoforms of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and thereby becomes active in stimulating ...

The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. A B-cell receptor is composed of a membrane- ... Pre-B cells that do not generate any Ig molecule normally carry both Ig-α and Ig-β to the cell surface. Heterodimers may exist ... The B-cell receptor has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of various B cell derived lymphoid cancers. Although it ... The BCR can be found in a number of identical copies of membrane proteins that are exposed at the cell surface. The B-cell ...

They bind to G protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface to elicit their effects. Bombesin-like peptide receptors include ... neuromedin B receptor, and bombesin-like receptor-3 (BRS3; this article). BB3 is a G protein-coupled receptor. BB3 only ... Hou X, Wei L, Harada A, Tatamoto K (2007). "Activation of bombesin receptor subtype-3 stimulates adhesion of lung cancer cells ... 1993). "BRS-3: a novel bombesin receptor subtype selectively expressed in testis and lung carcinoma cells". J. Biol. Chem. 268 ...

1987). "The cell surface receptors for interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta are identical". Nature. 324 (6094): 266-8. ... 1991). "A novel IL-1 receptor, cloned from B cells by mammalian expression, is expressed in many cell types". EMBO J. 10 (10): ... interleukin 1 receptor-like 2 (IL1RL2), and interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a ... 2000). "Tollip, a new component of the IL-1RI pathway, links IRAK to the IL-1 receptor". Nat. Cell Biol. 2 (6): 346-51. doi: ...

CD28 family receptors are a group of regulatory cell surface receptors expressed on immune cells. The CD28 family in turn is a ... CD28 receptors play a role in the development and proliferation of T cells. The CD28 receptors enhance signals from the T cell ... Through the promotion of T cell function, CD28 receptors allow effector T cells to combat regulatory T cell-mediated ... CD28 receptors also elicit the prevention of spontaneous autoimmunity. CD28 receptors aid in other T cell processes such as ...

"Cloning and expression of a cell surface receptor for advanced glycosylation end products of proteins". The Journal of ... Other AGE receptors are: SR-A (Macrophage scavenger receptor Type I and II) OST-48 (Oligosaccharyl transferase-4) (AGE-R1) 80 K ... RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts), also called AGER, is a 35 kilodalton transmembrane receptor of the ... Blockade/knockdown of RAGE resulted in impaired cell adhesion, and increased cell proliferation and migration A number of small ...

"Assembly and cell surface expression of heteromeric and homomeric gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors". The Journal of ... 4-Iodopropofol GABA receptor GABAB receptor GABAA-ρ receptor Gephyrin Glycine receptor GABAA receptor positive allosteric ... GABAA receptors can also be found in other tissues, including leydig cells, placenta, immune cells, liver, bone growth plates ... As a result, the IUPHAR has recommended that the terms "BZ receptor", "GABA/BZ receptor" and "omega receptor" no longer be used ...

ApoER2 is a cell surface receptor that is part of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family. These receptors function in ... After binding ApoER2, ApoE is taken up into the cell and may remain in the intracellular space, be shipped to the cell surface ... "Reeler/Disabled-like disruption of neuronal migration in knockout mice lacking the VLDL receptor and ApoE receptor 2". Cell. 97 ... "Human apolipoprotein E receptor 2. A novel lipoprotein receptor of the low density lipoprotein receptor family predominantly ...

"Cell surface expression of alpha1D-adrenergic receptors is controlled by heterodimerization with alpha1B-adrenergic receptors ... 2003). "alpha 1-Adrenergic receptor subtypes differentially control the cell cycle of transfected CHO cells through a cAMP- ... 2000). "Linkage between alpha(1) adrenergic receptor and the Jak/STAT signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells". ... 2000). "Transcriptional responses to growth factor and G protein-coupled receptors in PC12 cells: comparison of alpha(1)- ...