85 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2, also known as 85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2, Group VI ... phospholipase A2, Intracellular membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta, or Patatin-like phospholipase ... "Entrez Gene: PLA2G6 phospholipase A2, group VI (cytosolic, calcium-independent)". This article incorporates text from this ... "85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB). Ma Z, Wang X, ...

Ramanadham, S; Ali, T; Ashley, J. W; Bone, R. N; Hancock, W. D; Lei, X (2015). "Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their ... particularly phospholipase A2. Honey bee venom is under laboratory and clinical research for its potential properties and uses ... Victory for bees' as European Union bans neonicotinoid pesticides blamed for destroying bee population". The Independent. ... non-alcoholic flavoured beverages containing calcium in the range of 0.3 to 0.8 mol per mol of acid with a pH not lower than ...

February 2009). "Role of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in the pathogenesis of Barth syndrome". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. ...

"Entrez Gene: PLA2G4C phospholipase A2, group IVC (cytosolic, calcium-independent)". Schröder HC, Perovic S, Kavsan V, et al. ( ... Underwood KW, Song C, Kriz RW, Chang XJ, Knopf JL, Lin LL (Sep 1998). "A novel calcium-independent phospholipase A2, cPLA2- ... 2006). "Caspase-3-dependent activation of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 enhances cell migration in non-apoptotic ovarian ... Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G4C gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ...

"Role of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in the pathogenesis of Barth syndrome". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Tafazzin differs from phospholipases in that it contains a conserved histidine residue, His-77, as part of the conserved HX4D ... The TAFAZZIN gene contains two peptides independent of its active site for directing the protein to the mitochondria, forming ... The deacylation-reacylation cycle, also known as the Lands cycle, begins with deacylation mediated by phospholipase Cld1 to ...

1998). "A novel calcium-independent phospholipase A2, cPLA2-gamma, that is prenylated and contains homology to cPLA2". J. Biol ... "Entrez Gene: PLA2G4B phospholipase A2, group IVB (cytosolic)". Schröder HC, Perovic S, Kavsan V, et al. (1998). "Mechanisms of ... Phospholipase A2, group IVB (cytosolic), also known as PLA2G4B, is a human gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000168970 - ... 1997). "HIV and SIV envelope glycoproteins induce phospholipase A2 activation in human and macaque lymphocytes". J. Acquir. ...

Calcium-independent phospholipase A2-gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PNPLA8 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release ... Tanaka H, Takeya R, Sumimoto H (Jul 2000). "A novel intracellular membrane-bound calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)". ... and expression of a novel human intracellular membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)". J Biol Chem. 275 (14 ... Murakami M, Masuda S, Ueda-Semmyo K (2005). "Group VIB Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2gamma promotes cellular membrane ...

The enzyme calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) is most likely responsible for the apoptotic cell releasing LPC as it ...

... and purification of three novel human calcium-independent phospholipase A2 family members possessing triacylglycerol lipase and ... Adipose triglyceride lipase, also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 and ATGL, is an enzyme that ... "Entrez Gene: PNPLA2 patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2". Ojha S, Budge H, Symonds ME (2014). "Adipocytes in Normal ... "Characterization of the human patatin-like phospholipase family". Journal of Lipid Research. 47 (9): 1940-9. doi:10.1194/jlr. ...

... acylglycerol O-acyltransferase or calcium-independent phospholipase A2-epsilon (iPLA2-epsilon) is an enzyme that in humans is ... and purification of three novel human calcium-independent phospholipase A2 family members possessing triacylglycerol lipase and ... The recommended name for the gene product is patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3. It is a Single-pass type ... Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) also known as adiponutrin (ADPN), ...

"Involvement of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2, Calcium Independent Phospholipase A2 and Plasmalogen Selective Phospholipase A2 in ...

... that this gene encodes a lysosomal enzyme instead of a lysophospholipase and has both calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and ... LYPLA3, also known as Group XV phospholipase A2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G15 gene. Lysophospholipases ... Abe A, Poucher HK, Hiraoka M, Shayman JA (2004). "Induction of lysosomal phospholipase A2 through the retinoid X receptor in ... Schaloske RH, Dennis EA (Nov 2006). "The phospholipase A2 superfamily and its group numbering system". Biochim Biophys Acta. ...

... cytosolic Phospholipase A2, PI3K/Akt, protein kinase C beta (PKCβ), and/or (PKCε). Most actions of the 5-oxo-ETE appear ... These signaling pathways include those evoking rises in calcium ion levels as well as others that activate MAPK/ERK, p38 ... mediated by OXER1; however, some of its cell-stimulating actions appear to be OXER1-independent, as indicated in the following ... from its storage sites in membrane phospholipids due to the activation of phospholipase A2 enzymes; b) oxygenation of this ...

Second is the arachidonic acid mobilization via phospholipase A2 and third is the cAMP accumulation via stimulation of ... One of those three well-defined, independent second messenger systems is stimulation, via phospholipase C, of phosphatidyl ... Likewise, SP is known to bind to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by eliciting excitation with calcium ion influx, which ... the release of SP is accomplished through the depolarizing action of calcium-dependent mechanisms. When NK1 receptors are ...

Recently, CD36 was linked to store-operated calcium flux, phospholipase A2 activation, and production of prostaglandin E2 CD36 ... This internalization is independent of macropinocytosis and occurs by an actin dependent mechanism requiring the activation Src ... "CD36 protein is involved in store-operated calcium flux, phospholipase A2 activation, and production of prostaglandin E2". The ... Changes in calcium mediation have been associated with CD36 and obesity as well. Taste bud cells (more specifically, cells from ...

In humans, 1-lysoPC can be hydrolyzed by ten different enzymes: calcium-independent phospholipase A2-gamma (coded by the gene ... Group XV phospholipase A2 (PLA2G15), acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (LYPLA1), lysophospholipase (PLA2G4A), acyl-protein ... Some of these enzymes also have phospholipase A2 activity). Other organisms have different numbers of enzymes that catalyze the ... Enzymes having phospholipase B activity hydrolyze both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, so they produce both 1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC ...

2003). "Human group V phospholipase A2 induces group IVA phospholipase A2-independent cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis in human ... Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G5 gene. This gene is a member of the ... "Entrez Gene: PLA2G5 phospholipase A2, group V". Otha, Shin (15 June 2013). "Group V secretory phospholipase A2 is involved in ... Hichami A, Joshi B, Simonin AM, Khan NA (2003). "Role of three isoforms of phospholipase A2 in capacitative calcium influx in ...

C1P activate phospholipase A2 and is found, along with CK, to be a mediator of arachidonic acid released in cells in response ... Inside the cell, S1P can induce calcium release independent of the S1PRs-the mechanism of which remains unknown. To date, the ... See main article on G-protein coupled receptors LPA is the result of phospholipase A2 action on phosphatidic acid. The SN-1 ... 2004). "Ceramide 1-phosphate is a direct activator of cytosolic phospholipase A2". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (12): 11320-11326. doi: ...

Two most notable families are secreted and cytosolic phospholipases A2. Other families include Ca2+ independent PLA2 (iPLA2) ... The role of calcium can also be duplicated by other relatively small cations like cobalt and nickel. Before becoming active in ... There are also prokaryotic A2 phospholipases. Additional types of phospholipases include phospholipase A1, phospholipase B, ... phospholipase C, and phospholipase D. Phospholipases A2 include several unrelated protein families with common enzymatic ...

The enzymes within this family are lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, cytoplasmic platelet-activating factor ... Calcium plays a large role in the inhibition of enzymes that produce PAF in the denovo pathway of PAF biosynthesis. The ... PAF also induces apoptosis in a different way that is independent of the PAF receptor. The pathway to apoptosis can be ... The fatty acid is removed from the sn-2 position of the three-carbon backbone of the phospholipid by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to ...

"Pfam entry: Phospholipase A2". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-01-25. "Pfam entry: ... Their binding to membranes can be mediated by calcium ions (Ca2+) that form bridges between the acidic protein residues and ... Takida S, Wedegaertner PB (June 2004). "Exocytic pathway-independent plasma membrane targeting of heterotrimeric G proteins". ... ISBN 3-527-31151-3. Ghosh M, Tucker DE, Burchett SA, Leslie CC (November 2006). "Properties of the Group IV phospholipase A2 ...

Kao PH, Lin SR, Chang LS (December 2007). "Phospholipase A2 activity-independent membrane-damaging effect of notexin". Toxicon ... In neurons the influx of calcium causes the release of the ready-to-release synaptic vesicles and the reserve pool of synaptic ... The calpains degrade the cytoskeletal components of the cell and Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 hydrolyses the cell membrane, ... Dijkstra BW, Drenth J, Kalk KH (February 1981). "Active site and catalytic mechanism of phospholipase A2" (PDF). Nature. 289 ( ...

This means the phospholipase A2 cannot adsorb onto a lipid/water interface from the cell membrane. Residues on the CB subunit ... Rigoni, Michela, et al (2007). "Calcium Influx and Mitochondrial Alterations at Synapses Exposed to Snake Neurotoxins or Their ... is based on the specific binding with receptors and proteins to create intracellular enzyme dependent and independent reactions ... The toxic effect of crotoxin is determined mainly by the phospholipase A2 action of CB. The CA subunit is non-enzymatic and non ...

... calcium influx factor and Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2beta-mediated pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (46 ... Recent studies have cited the phospholipase A2 beta, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), and the protein ... Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal ... The most common signaling pathway that increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration is the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway. Many ...

PKA mediates inhibition of calcium-independent phospholipase A and calcium influx which results in relaxation of the ... "Role of Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 and store-operated pathway in urocortin-induced vasodilatation of rat coronary artery ... significantly altered intracellular calcium handling and increased SR calcium. These relaxation effects can be explained by the ... Increased calcium in the SR by Ucn2 is a result of Ucn2 mediated production of cAMP and phosphokinase A (PKA). Ucn2 increases ...

... of phospholipase D is independent of activation of polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and phospholipase A2". The ... Calcium acts as a cofactor in PLD isoforms that contain the C2 domain. Binding of Ca2+ to the C2 domain leads to conformational ... Mammalian cells encode two isoforms of phospholipase D: PLD1 and PLD2. Phospholipase D is an important player in many ... Phosphatidyl choline Phosphatidate Choline Phospholipase cleavage sites Jenkins GM, Frohman MA (October 2005). "Phospholipase D ...

Another example is phospholipase A2 (PLA2) type IIA, ancestrally involved with inflammatory processes in normal tissue, which ... This has led researchers to suggest that toxicity to a certain taxon is nearly independent of toxicity to another distantly ... Snake venoms attack biological pathways and processes that are also targeted by venoms of other taxa; for instance, calcium ... through the synergistic action of cytotoxins and Phospholipase A2 toxins, indicating selection for a defensive function. In ...

Lomonte B, Tarkowski A, Hanson LA (November 1994). "Broad cytolytic specificity of myotoxin II, a lysine-49 phospholipase A2 of ... Neuronal pentraxin (NP) receptor binds to taipoxin and taipoxin-associated calcium-binding protein 49 via NP1 and NP2". The ... In chromaffin cells taipoxin showed the ability to enter the cells via Ca2+ independent mechanisms. There it enhanced ... Harris JB, MacDonell CA (1981-01-01). "Phospholipase A2 activity of notexin and its role in muscle damage". Toxicon. 19 (3): ...

The calcium activates protein kinase C, which, in turn, activates phospholipase A2 (PLA2). PLA2 then modifies the integrin ... An alternative name for the factor is plasma thromboplastin component, given by an independent group in California. Hageman ... Calcium is also required at other points in the coagulation cascade. Calcium ions play a major role in the regulation of ... Calcium mediates the binding of the complexes via the terminal gamma-carboxy residues on Factor Xa and Factor IXa to the ...

They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis at the level of phospholipase A2 as well as at the level of cyclooxygenase/PGE isomerase ( ... easy bruising Negative calcium balance due to reduced intestinal calcium absorption Steroid-induced osteoporosis: reduced bone ... Activated glucocorticoid receptor has effects that have been experimentally shown to be independent of any effects on ... Lipocortin-1 both suppresses phospholipase A2, thereby blocking eicosanoid production, and inhibits various leukocyte ...