Membrane potential
... (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the ... the resting membrane potential is merely the membrane potential that results from the membrane permeabilities that predominate ... This term is used for the membrane potential of non-excitable cells, but also for the membrane potential of excitable cells in ... Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced ...
Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations
... are membrane oscillations that do not directly trigger an action potential since ... these subthreshold membrane potential oscillations do not trigger action potentials, since the firing of an action potential is ... Neurons produce action potentials when their membrane potential increases past a critical threshold. In order for neurons to ... Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations do not create an action potential; however, neurons do experience bursting when ...
Signal
Some cells or organelles have the same membrane potential throughout; neurons generally have different potentials at different ... Biological membrane potentials. The value of the signal is an electric potential (voltage). The domain is more difficult to ...
Resting potential
Resting Membrane Potential - Online lecture notes on the resting membrane potential The Origin of the Resting Membrane ... The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as ... The resting membrane potential is not an equilibrium potential as it relies on the constant expenditure of energy (for ionic ... A relatively static membrane potential which is usually referred to as the ground value for trans-membrane voltage. ...
Cardioplegia
Action potential B05XA16 (WHO) Cardiopulmonary bypass Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest Membrane potential Resting potential ... "CV Physiology: Membrane Potentials". Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016. Hensley F, ... However, the removal of Na+ does not alter the resting membrane potential of the cell. Likewise, removal of extracellular Ca2+ ... Membrane inactivation gates, or h Na+ gates, are voltage dependent. The less negative the membrane voltage, the more h gates ...
Synaptic potential
The action potential actually occurs because of the synaptic potential across the membrane of the neuron. The potential ... Excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) depolarize the membrane and move the potential closer to the threshold for an ... Synaptic potential refers to the potential difference across the postsynaptic membrane that results from the action of ... Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) hyperpolarize the membrane and move the potential farther away from the threshold, ...
Quantitative models of the action potential
As an example, the cardiac action potential illustrates how differently shaped action potentials can be generated on membranes ... is a position on the membrane, σinside and φinside are the conductivity and potential just within the membrane, and σoutside ... Thus, given these σ and φ values on the membrane, the extracellular potential φ(x) can be calculated for any position x; in ... Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (1952). "The dual effect of membrane potential on sodium conductance in the giant axon of Loligo". J ...
Bioelectricity
... and injury potential (potential difference between injured and intact membrane/epithelium). The injury potential was, in fact, ... Oviedo, N. J; Nicolas, C. L; Adams, D. S; Levin, M (2008). "Live Imaging of Planarian Membrane Potential Using DiBAC4(3)". Cold ... Levin, M; Thorlin, T; Robinson, K. R; Nogi, T; Mercola, M (2002). "Asymmetries in H+/K+-ATPase and cell membrane potentials ... In non-excitable cells, the resting potential across the plasma membrane (Vmem) of individual cells propagate across distances ...
Graded potential
They include diverse potentials such as receptor potentials, electrotonic potentials, subthreshold membrane potential ... This shows the temporary and reversible nature of graded potentials. Graded potentials that make the membrane potential more ... The resting membrane potential is usually around -70 mV. The typical neuron has a threshold potential ranging from -40 mV to - ... Graded potentials are changes in membrane potential that vary in size, as opposed to being all-or-none. ...
Postsynaptic potential
Postsynaptic potentials are changes in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapse. Postsynaptic ... If the cell is receiving two excitatory postsynaptic potentials, they combine so that the membrane potential is depolarized by ... Action potential Electrophysiology Goldman equation Membrane potential Nernst equation Neuron Neurotransmission Postsynaptic ... the combined activity of afferent neurons can cause large fluctuations in membrane potential or subthreshold membrane potential ...
Jared Diamond bibliography
Pidot AL, -- (February 1964). "Streaming Potentials in a Biological Membrane". Nature. 201 (4920): 701-702. Bibcode:1964Natur. ... Cooke IM, --, Grinnell AD, Hagiwara S, Sakata H (June 1968). "Suppression of the Action Potential in Nerve by Nitrobenzene ... Clausen C, Machen TE, -- (July 1982). "Changes in the Cell Membranes of the Bullfrog Gastric Mucosa with Acid Secretion". ... Loo DD, Lewis SA, Ifshin MS, -- (September 1983). "Turnover, Membrane Insertion, and Degradation of Sodium Channels in Rabbit ...
Synaptic plasticity
Araya R, Jiang J, Eisenthal KB, Yuste R (November 2006). "The spine neck filters membrane potentials". Proceedings of the ... The number of ion channels on the post-synaptic membrane affects the strength of the synapse. Research suggests that the ... These processes, and by extension the number of receptors on the membrane, can be altered by synaptic activity. Experiments ... Also, these signals recruit additional receptors into the post-synaptic membrane, stimulating the production of a modified ...
Kenneth B. Eisenthal
Araya, R.; Jiang, J.; Eisenthal, K. B.; Yuste, R. (2006). "The spine neck filters membrane potentials". Proceedings of the ... Araya, R.; Nikolenko, V.; Eisenthal, K. B.; Yuste, R. (2007). "Sodium channels amplify spine potentials". Proceedings of the ... "Label-free probe of HIV-1 TAT peptide binding to mimetic membranes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (35 ...
Action potential
Thus, the membrane potential affects the permeability, which then further affects the membrane potential. This sets up the ... The membrane potential goes below the resting membrane potential. Hence, there is an undershoot or hyperpolarization, termed an ... Each excitable patch of membrane has two important levels of membrane potential: the resting potential, which is the value the ... a rise in the membrane potential can cause ion channels to open, thereby causing a further rise in the membrane potential. An ...
Electron transport chain
July 2018). "Mitochondrial membrane potential". Analytical Biochemistry. 552: 50-59. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.009. PMC 5792320 ... This proton gradient is largely but not exclusively responsible for the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM). It allows ATP ... These levels correspond to successively more positive redox potentials, or to successively decreased potential differences ... by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen ...
Ron Gallemore
2. Membrane-potentials, apparent resistances, and mechanisms. Mechanism of the light peak and other responses originating at ... 1. Membrane-potentials, apparent resistances, and mechanisms". Journal of Neuroscience 9 (6) 1968-1976 (1989) Cited 42 times. ... "Effects of dopamine on the chick retinal-pigment epithelium - membrane-potentials and light-evoked responses". Investigative ... "Light-evoked modulation of basolateral membrane Cl− conductance in chick retinal-pigment epithelium - the light peak and fast ...
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
This temporary depolarization of postsynaptic membrane potential, caused by the flow of positively charged ions into the ... This depolarizing current causes an increase in membrane potential, the EPSP. The neurotransmitter most often associated with ... Functionally, mEPSPs and miniature end-plate potentials (mEPPs) are identical. The name end-plate potential is used since ... In neuroscience, an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a postsynaptic potential that makes the postsynaptic neuron ...
Peter K. Hepler
Zeiger, E., W. Moody, P. Hepler and F. Varela (1977). "Light-sensitive membrane potentials in onion guard cells". Nature. 270 ( ... Hepler, P. K., S. M. Wick and S. M. Wolniak (1981). The structure and role of membranes in the mitotic apparatus. in: ... Hepler postulates that the extracellular influx of calcium is not governed by the plasma membrane but by changes in the ion- ... Wolniak, S. M., P. K. Hepler, and W. T. Jackson (1980). "Detection of the membrane-calcium distribution during mitosis in ...
Electrotonic potential
However, all action potentials are begun by electrotonic potentials depolarizing the membrane above the threshold potential ... Electrotonic potentials that increase the membrane potential are called excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). This is ... Electrotonic potentials which decrease the membrane potential are called inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). They ... Action potential, a propagated impulse. Electrotonic potentials represent changes to the neuron's membrane potential that do ...
Murburn concept
Also in this purview, the source of trans-membrane potential (TMP) results due to difference of concentration of ions across ... Nicholls DG (February 2004). "Mitochondrial membrane potential and aging". Aging Cell. 3 (1): 35-40. doi:10.1111/j.1474- ... Manoj KM, Gideon DA, Parashar A (March 2021). "What is the Role of Lipid Membrane-embedded Quinones in Mitochondria and ... Manoj KM, Gideon DA, Jaeken L (March 2022). "Interaction of membrane-embedded cytochrome b-complexes with quinols: Classical Q- ...
Voltage-sensitive dye
Palmer LM, Stuart GJ (May 2009). "Membrane potential changes in dendritic spines during action potentials and synaptic input". ... It also makes possible the measurement of spatial and temporal variations in membrane potential along the surface of single ... Many physiological processes are accompanied by changes in cell membrane potential which can be detected with voltage sensitive ... Khadria A (November 2012). "Tools to measure membrane potential of neurons". Biomedical Journal. 45 (5): 749-762. doi:10.1016/j ...
Polarized membrane
"Membrane Potential and Action Potential". From Molecules to Networks. Elsevier. pp. 351-376. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397179- ... creating an action potential. Membrane transporter "Membrane Channels". Cell Biology. Elsevier. 2017. pp. 261-284. doi:10.1016/ ... A polarized membrane is a lipid membrane that has a positive electrical charge on one side and a negative charge on another ... side, which produces the resting potential in living cells. Whether or not a membrane is polarized is determined by the ...
Threshold potential
The ion conductances involved depend on the membrane potential and also the time after the membrane potential changes. The ... the threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential ... They are extremely sensitive to the membrane potential and changes in this potential. These tests can measure and compare a ... As opposed to the resting membrane potential, the threshold potential's conditions exhibited a balance of currents that were ...
David E. Goldman
Goldman DE (September 1943). "Potential, Impedance, and Rectification in Membranes". The Journal of General Physiology. 27 (1 ...
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
"Imaging membrane potential in dendritic spines". PNAS. 103 (3): 786-790. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..786N. doi:10.1073/pnas. ... "Ion-Induced Transient Potential Fluctuations Facilitate Pore Formation and Cation Transport through Lipid Membranes". Journal ... It has also been used to prove that backpropagating action potentials invade dendritic spines without voltage attenuation, ... which allows SH microscopy to image surface potentials without any labeling molecules. The SHG pattern is mainly determined by ...
Chen Lan-bo
"Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Living Cells". Annual Review of Cell Biology. Lan Bo Chen, Andrew Murray, Rosalind A. Segal ... Chen, Lan Bo (1988-11-01). "Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Living Cells". Annual Review of Cell Biology. 4 (1): 155-181. ...
History of neuroscience
Bernstein was also the first to introduce the Nernst equation for resting potential across the membrane. In 1907, Louis ... Bernstein's hypothesis about the action potential was confirmed by Cole and Howard Curtis, who showed that membrane conductance ... Goldman DE (September 1943). "Potential, Impedance, and Rectification in Membranes". The Journal of General Physiology. 27 (1 ... Bernstein advanced the hypothesis that the action potential resulted from a change in the permeability of the axonal membrane ...
Transcellular transport
Rhoades, Rodney A.; Bell, David R. (2012). "Plasma membrane. membrane transport, and resting membrane potential". Medical ... they are repelled by the hydrophobic sections of permeable membrane, therefore they need to be assisted by the membrane ... where the substances travel through the cell passing through both the apical membrane and basolateral membrane 2. Renal ... Facilitated diffusion is the movement of polar molecules down the concentration gradient with the assistance of membrane ...
Nervous system network models
When the membrane potential from the dendrites exceeds the resting membrane potential, a pulse is generated by the neuron cell ... If the stimulus drives the membrane to a positive potential, it is an excitatory neuron; and if it drives the resting potential ... When the cumulative postsynaptic potential exceeds the resting potential, an action potential is generated by the cell body or ... action potential). The resting potential for potassium-sodium channels in a neuron is about -65 millivolts. The membrane model ...
Owais Mohammad
Ahmad, N.; Masood, A. K.; Owais, M. (15 November 2001). "Fusogenic potential of prokaryotic membrane lipids". European Journal ... he demonstrated the fusogenic attributes of sperm plasma membrane lipids, and established the prophylactic potential of ... "Fusogenic potential of sperm membrane lipids: Nature's wisdom to accomplish targeted gene delivery". FEBS Letters. 580 (9): ... Correlation with membrane-membrane fusion events. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 May 20;1669(2):170-81. Younus H, Owais M, Rao DN, ...
Rhodamine 123
"Mitochondrial membrane potential in living cells."Annu Rev Cell Biol. 4 (1988) 155-181 Darzynkiewicz Z, Traganos F, Staiano- ... This use relies on the fact that rhodamine 123 accumulates in membranes in a manner which is dependent on membrane polarization ... Rhodamine fluorescence can also be used as a measure of membrane polarization in live cell assays both within mitochondria and ... "Mitochondrial inner membrane electrophysiology assessed by rhodamine-123 transport and fluorescence" Annals of Biomedical ...