Since 1981 he started his work on heavy-ion radiobiology and radiotherapy at GSI, and the treatment room was completed in 1997 ... ISBN 978-3-540-20805-1. Kraft, Gerhard (1998). "Radiotherapy with Heavy Ions: Radiobiology, Clinical Indications and Experience ... He was the founder and director of the Biophysics Department at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt ( ... Gerhard Kraft (29 October 1941 - 18 March 2023) was a German physicist, best known for introducing heavy ion cancer therapy in ...

photons x-rays gamma rays electrons protons neutrons heavy ions As individual photons, x-rays and gamma rays are ... Hadron therapy involves the therapeutic use of protons, neutrons, and heavier ions (fully ionized atomic nuclei). Of these, ... Many classifications are applied to radiotherapy. Teletherapy is the first of four classes of radiotherapy, as grouped by ... In contrast to brachytherapy (sealed source radiotherapy) and unsealed source radiotherapy, in which the radiation source is ...

Thus, it is desirable to improve the therapeutic ratio during radiotherapy. Employing IG-IMRT, protons and heavy ions are ... The energy arises from x-rays, gamma rays, or charged or heavy particles. The therapeutic ratio in radiotherapy for cancer ... Similarly, chemotherapy or radiotherapy with infused or injected agents can be made more efficacious by attaching the agent to ... Normal cells do not lose their DNA repair mechanism whereas cancer cells often lose it during radiotherapy. However, the high ...

For very light ions slowing down in heavy materials, the nuclear stopping is weaker than the electronic at all energies. ... and applications to radiotherapy dosimetry". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B. 247 (2): 166-172. Bibcode: ... Range concepts and heavy ion ranges. Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk., 33(14):1, 1963. (Smith 1997) R. Smith (ed.), Atomic & ... ICRU Report 73: Stopping of Ions heavier than Helium, Journal of the ICRU, 5 No. 1 (2005), Oxford Univ. Press ISBN 0-19-857012- ...

There are five heavy-ion radiotherapy facilities in operation and plans exist to construct several more facilities in the near ... Carbon ion therapy (C-ion RT) uses particles more massive than protons or neutrons. Carbon ion radiotherapy has increasingly ... there is considerable rationale to support use of heavy-ion beams in treating cancer patients. All proton and other heavy ion ... For protons and heavier ions, on the other hand, the dose increases while the particle penetrates the tissue and loses energy ...

As of 2020, there were approximately 80 facilities worldwide for radiotherapy using beams of protons and heavy ions, consisting ... Heavy ion beams Beams of particles heavier than hydrogen are referred to as heavy ion beams, and can range from deuterium ... p. 9. ISBN 978-0-674-01460-2. Regulatory control of the safety of ion radiotherapy facilities : a guide for best practice (PDF ... Cyclotrons are primarily used for proton beams, while synchrotrons are used to produce heavier ions. The most obvious advantage ...

Heavy ion carcinogenesis and human space exploration Nat. Rev. Cancer 8 (2008) 465-472. Cucinotta FA., Durante M. Cancer risk ... He is recipient of a 2020 European Research Council Advanced Grant on radioactive ion beams in radiotherapy (BARB). ... He is currently director of the biophysics department of GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, and is responsible for ... In October 2007 he became director of the biophysics department of GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research taking over from ...

39-59, Elsevier/Academic Press Stopping of Ions heavier than Helium, ICRU Report 73, Journal of the ICRU (2005) M. Berger, H. ... Paul: Stopping powers, ranges and straggling, Chapter 7 of "Atomic and molecular data for radiotherapy and radiation research ... Theory of Heavy Ion Collision Physics in Hadron Therapy, Adv. Quantum Chem., Vol. 65 (2013), pp. ... In the meantime he has extended this collection to all positive ions, and he kept it updated till his death. It was important ...

... and many other heavy ions. The VIP-Man phantom, which has been shared with several hundreds of researchers worldwide, made it ... and radiotherapy. In particular, he uses Monte Carlo simulations as a research tool and has nearly 30 years of experience in ... and proton radiotherapy, compressive sensing. Xu has directed numerous projects, with a total of about $20 million in grant ... Imaging and Radiotherapy in Beijing, China on August 8 and 9, 2011. National Science Foundation / Faculty Early Career ...

Because heavy ions transfer energy to their surroundings much more efficiently than gamma-rays or X-rays, a digital accelerator ... This feature remains the same for the recently developed technique called intensity-modulated radiotherapy CHHIP. Sense and ... The key issues of beam dynamics associated with low-energy injection of heavy ions are beam loss caused by electron capture and ... Using the intense, well-controlled heavy ion beam, scientists will be able to make mesh filters with nanometer-sized holes. ...

The institute at Mount Vernon was home to a unique 4 MeV heavy ion Van de Graaff accelerator. Research on the effects of ... is an institute dedicated to research on radiobiology and radiotherapy. It is funded by the Medical Research Council and is ...

May 2019). "Risk of subsequent primary cancers after carbon ion radiotherapy, photon radiotherapy, or surgery for localised ... Particle therapy is a special case of external beam radiation therapy where the particles are protons or heavier ions. A review ... New techniques such as proton beam therapy and carbon ion radiotherapy which aim to reduce dose to healthy tissues will lower ... Ohno T, Okamoto M (June 2019). "Carbon ion radiotherapy as a treatment modality for paediatric cancers". The Lancet. Child & ...

If heavier particles are to be accelerated, (e.g., uranium ions), a specialized ion source is needed. The source has its own ... The project aim is to make proton therapy a more accessible mainstream medicine as an alternative to existing radio therapy. ... As linear accelerators were developed with higher beam currents, using magnetic fields to focus proton and heavy ion beams ... Faircloth, D C (24 March 2021). "Particle Sources". arXiv:2103.13231 [physics.acc-ph]. "Heavy ions offer a new approach to ...

Radiation weighting factors have not been developed for internal sources of heavy ions, such as a recoil nucleus. The ICRP 2007 ... The concept of RBE is relevant in medicine, such as in radiology and radiotherapy, and to the evaluation of risks and ... Zhu G, Zhang CY (December 2014). "Functional nucleic acid-based sensors for heavy metal ion assays". The Analyst. 139 (24): ... ISBN 0-935702-57-1. Kim S, Shin W, Warrant R (1985). "Heavy metal ion-nucleic acid interaction". Diffraction Methods for ...

... fine wire for electrosurgery and surgical robots Collimators and shields made of tungsten heavy metal alloys for radiotherapy ... Products for the electronics industry Components for the epitaxy processes MBE and MOCVD and ion implantation. Semiconductor ... tungsten heavy metals, tungsten copper composites, tungsten silver composites) and sintered alloys, Copper chrome, chromium ...

... tardigrades Milnesium tardigradum irradiated with heavy ions have a higher survival than when irradiated with gamma rays, for a ... for cancer cells which are difficult to treat with radiotherapy. Radioresistance of cancer cells may be intrinsic or induced by ... during radiotherapy. Radiosensitivity Background radiation Radiation hormesis Radiotrophic fungus Kojic acid Sghaier, Haïtham; ...

An important thing to keep in mind is that - much like for toxic heavy metals the chemical state of the element may complicate ... As such, while dissolved ions of the element or common compounds of the element (including its native form) may present the ... which present much lower risks even as orphan sources or to non-target organs when administered internally in radiotherapy. ...

The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory makes use of a particle accelerator that produces beams of protons or heavy ions. These ... Workers exposed to radiation, such as radiographers, nuclear power plant workers, doctors using radiotherapy, those in ... X-ray and gamma radiation are best absorbed by atoms with heavy nuclei; the heavier the nucleus, the better the absorption. In ... The beams of ions move through a 100 m (328-foot) transport tunnel to the 37 m2 (400-square-foot) shielded target hall. There, ...

... which collides heavy ions such as gold ions and polarized protons. It is the world's first heavy ion collider, and the world's ... or used directly in external beam radiotherapy. The development of superconductors has been pushed forward by their use in ... It also became the most energetic collider of heavy ions after it began colliding lead ions. Earlier facilities include the ... Its main facility is the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), ... these masses may arise from neutrinos mixing with very heavy ...

... and actinide heavy metals) that enable the formation of coloured compounds; the capacity of most heavy metal ions (such as ... heavy metals are useful for radiation shielding and to focus radiation beams in linear accelerators and radiotherapy ... a heavy metal rare-earth like series ...". In astronomy, however, a heavy element is any element heavier than hydrogen and ... releasing light and heat and forming heavier elements with higher atomic numbers. Heavier heavy metals are not usually formed ...

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, and Large Hadron Collider also make use of superconducting magnets and RF cavity ... Of these, only about 1% are research machines with energies above 1 GeV, while about 44% are for radiotherapy, 41% for ion ... The largest such particle accelerator is the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Particle ... These investigations often involve collisions of heavy nuclei - of atoms like iron or gold - at energies of several GeV per ...

The Sm3+ ion is a potential activator for use in warm-white light emitting diodes. It offers high luminous efficacy due to ... Huray, P.; Nave, S.; Haire, R. (1983). "Magnetism of the heavy 5f elements". Journal of the Less Common Metals. 93 (2): 293. ... dosimetry and imaging in radiotherapy, and medical imaging. The change in electrical resistivity in samarium monochalcogenides ... Sm2+ ions are blood-red in aqueous solution. The most stable oxide of samarium is the sesquioxide Sm2O3. Like many samarium ...

Heavy ion therapy (e.g. carbon ions) makes use of the similarly high LET of 12C6+ ions. Because of the high LET, the relative ... Fast neutron radiotherapy for inoperable salivary gland tumors: is it the treatment of choice?Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. ... Fast Neutron Radiotherapy: The University of Washington Experience and Potential Use of Concomitant Boost with Boron Neutron ... Neutron radiotherapy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of minor salivary glands. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, ...

Doses as low as ~0.2 Gy of 56Fe-ions appear to have an effect on CTA." The RBE of different types of heavy particles on CNS ... Evidence of the effects of terrestrial forms of ionizing radiation on the CNS has been documented from radiotherapy patients, ... However, the heavy ion component of space radiation presents distinct biophysical challenges to cells and tissues as compared ... There is evidence that deficits in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) are induced by low doses of heavy ions. The CTA test is a ...

"QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS TESTS for metal cations identifying positive ions, carbonates, ammonium ion, hydrogen ions, acids ... The heavier alkaline earth metals react more vigorously than the lighter ones. The alkaline earth metals have the second-lowest ... This property is also made use of in radiotherapy of certain bone cancers as the chemical properties allow the radionuclide to ... A more common method is to use ion-exchange aluminosilicates or ion-exchange resins that trap Ca2+ and Mg2+ and liberate Na+ ...

... to detect heavy metals in water as these metal ions cause the texaphyrin to oxidize and subsequently change color which can be ... towards potential α-core emitters for radiotherapy". Chemical Communications. 46 (42): 7900-7902. doi:10.1039/C0CC03528A. ISSN ... Texaphyrins have recently seen use for the detection of heavy metals in water which can be used in both a qualitative and ... A ratiometric optical sensor for heavy metals in aqueous solution". Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering. 14 (1): 19- ...

Nuclear fusion, the fusing of heavy isotopes of hydrogen, also has the potential to produces large numbers of neutrons. Small ... Traditional particle accelerators with hydrogen (H), deuterium (D), or tritium (T) ion sources may be used to produce neutrons ... which means that radiotherapy facilities using megavoltage X-rays also produce neutrons, and some require neutron shielding.[ ... 1H Some accelerator-based neutron generators induce fusion between beams of deuterium and/or tritium ions and metal hydride ...

... es, particularly xenon, are predominantly used in ion engines due to their inertness. Since ion engines are not driven ... Some of the heavier noble gases, however, have ionization potentials small enough to be comparable to those of other elements ... Radon, which is highly radioactive and is only available in minute amounts, is used in radiotherapy. ... However, heavier noble gases such as radon are held less firmly together by electromagnetic force than lighter noble gases such ...

... nucleons and ions) and 2000+ heavy ions at nearly all energies, including those simulated by MCNP. Both codes can be used to ... and FLUKA for Simulating Proton Radiotherapy of the Eye". Nuclear Technology. 168 (3): 810-814. doi:10.13182/NT09-A9310. PMC ...

The Sr2+ ion is quite large, so that high coordination numbers are the rule. The large size of strontium and barium plays a ... Due to the large size of the heavy s-block elements, including strontium, a vast range of coordination numbers is known, from 2 ... Radiotherapy and Oncology. 75 (3): 258.E1-258.E13. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2005.03.003. PMID 16299924. "Strontium , Radiation ... Strontium commonly occurs in nature, being the 15th most abundant element on Earth (its heavier congener barium being the 14th ...