Stauffer, E. A.; Holt, J. R. (2007). "Sensory transduction and adaptation in inner and outer hair cells of the mouse auditory ... The human cochlea contains on the order of 3,500 inner hair cells and 12,000 outer hair cells at birth. The outer hair cells ... Nerve fiber innervation is much denser for inner hair cells than for outer hair cells. A single inner hair cell is innervated ... without functioning outer hair cells, the sensitivity decreases by approximately 50 dB. Outer hair cells extend the hearing ...
... is essential in auditory processing. It is specifically expressed in the lateral membrane of outer hair cells (OHCs) of ... It is highly expressed in the outer hair cells, and is not expressed in the nonmotile inner hair cells. Immunolocalization ... Liberman MC, Gao J, He DZ, Wu X, Jia S, Zuo J (2002). "Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for ... Zheng J, Shen W, He DZ, Long KB, Madison LD, Dallos P (Jun 2000). "Prestin is the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells". ...
Outer hair cells serve as acoustic amplifiers for stimulation of the inner hair cells. Outer hair cells respond primarily to ... Auditory fatigue Loudness war Brondel, L.; Cabanac, M. (2007). "Alliesthesia in visual and auditory sensations from ... This can lead to fatigue and temporary hearing loss if the outer hair cells do not get the opportunity to recover through ... With the resultant oxygen tension and diminished blood supply reaching the outer hair cells, their response to sound levels is ...
... making inner hair cells mainly responsible for auditory sensory input. While inner hair cells are the sensory receptors, outer ... Claudius cells, inner phalangeal cells, and inner and outer pillar cells. Hensen's cells, Deiter's cells, and outer hair cells ... cells interact with outer hair cells, they play a key role in coordinating shifts and mechanical force between outer hair cells ... cells are attached to outer hair cells. They have phalanges that extend to create tight junctions with nearby outer hair cells ...
Damage to the cochlea and the outer hair cells in the cochlea can impair the ability to tell sounds apart (Moore 1986). This ... Auditory masking in the frequency domain is known as simultaneous masking, frequency masking or spectral masking. Auditory ... This can be explained by the auditory system having an auditory filter which is centered over the frequency of the tone. The ... which means they can hear the signal more clearly hence causing an improvement of auditory performance. Auditory masking is ...
Type I fibres innervate the base of one or two inner hair cells and Type II fibres innervate the outer hair cells. Both leave ... The auditory nerve fibres, known as the afferent nerve fibres, carry information from the organ of Corti to the brainstem and ... The AVCN also contain cells with more complex firing patterns than bushy cells called multipolar cells, these cells have ... The type I fibres are thicker than the type II fibres and may also differ in how they innervate the inner hair cells. Neurons ...
... and auditory brainstem response (ABR). An OAE is an electrophysiologic measure of the integrity of the outer hair cells in the ... OAEs are an objective tool that can be used to measure the integrity of the outer hair cells in the cochlear; however, test ... Roeser, R. J., & Clark, J. L. (2004). Screening for auditory disorders. Auditory Disorders in School Children, 105. McPherson, ... However, 500 Hz has been found to identify the auditory impact of otitis media with effusion in children and should be included ...
Tinnitus may be the result of abnormal neural activity caused by discordant damage (dysfunction) of outer and inner hair cells ... The psychological basis for TRT is the hypothesis that the brain can change how it processes auditory stimuli. TRT is imputed ... The patient is taught basic knowledge about the auditory system and its function, and how tinnitus and the annoyance associated ... 2004). "Magnetic and electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex for intractable tinnitus". J Neurosurg. 100 (3): 560-564. ...
In the mammalian cochlea, wave amplification occurs via the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti. These cells sit directly ... Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system Neely, S. T. and Kim, D. O., 1986. A model for active ... This, in turn, influences the deflection of the hair bundles of the inner hair cells. These cells are in contact with afferent ... Prestin densely lines the lipid bilayer of the outer hair cell membranes. Therefore, a change in the shape of many prestin ...
The outer hair cells, or OHCs, can be thought of as microamplifiers that provide stimulation to the inner hair cells. The OHCs ... The remainder of this article mainly references the cochlea, outer hair cells, and organ of Corti. In general, structural ... Ruggero, MA; Rich, NC (1991-04-01). "Furosemide alters organ of corti mechanics: evidence for feedback of outer hair cells upon ... are the most fragile of the hair cells, hence their involvement in auditory fatigue and other hearing impairments. The hearing ...
... (AN) is a hearing disorder in which the outer hair cells of the cochlea are present and functional, but ... the inner hair cells of the cochlea, the synapse between the inner hair cells and the auditory nerve, or a lesion of the ... The classic AN paradigm would include present OAEs indicating normal outer hair cell function, absent or abnormal ABR with ... Auditory neuropathy: What is it and what can we do about it? from the LSU Medical School Auditory Neuropathy Information site ...
Additional models of the hair cells include the Meddis hair cell model which pairs with the gammatone filter bank, by modeling ... Consisting of three areas, the outer, middle and inner ear, the auditory periphery acts as a complex transducer that converts ... Meddis, R., Hewitt, M., Shackleton, T. (1990). "Implementation details of a computational model of the inner hair-cell/auditory ... The axons of these cells make up the auditory nerve, encoding the rectified stimulus. The auditory nerve responses select ...
TEOAE's test the cochlea's outer hair cells with a series of stimuli such as clicks whereas ABR's measure reactions to the ... "Awake ABR , Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) , Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) , Hearing Screening". vivosonic.com. Retrieved 2022- ... Some of these tests and methods include Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR). ...
The MOCS gives rise to a frequency-specific innervation of the cochlea, in that MOC fibres terminate on the outer hair cells at ... Apr 2000). "Auditory perception in vestibular neurectomy subjects". Hear Res. 142 (1-2): 102-12. doi:10.1016/S0378-5955(00) ... This enhancement may be caused by the activity of the MOCS on the outer hair cells resulting in antimasking. Although Scharf et ... Electrophysiological responses recorded from outer hair cells following ACh stimulation therefore show a small inward current ( ...
Thus, it could be possible that hydrops affects auditory nerves more than hair cells. In contrast, a 2021 article by Richard ... "Since the outer hair cells (OHC) are freely surrounded by perilymph, their walls and nerve terminals are also bathed in this ... compared to hair cell counts in the inner ear of patients who had Meniere's disease found that they maintained more hair cells ... Gacek posits that the hearing loss is actually caused by toxic nucleic acids that are released to the outer hair cells: " ...
The organ of Corti is also capable of modulating the auditory signal. The outer hair cells (OHCs) can amplify the signal ... and one row of inner hair cells (IHCs). Surrounding these hair cells are supporting cells: Deiters cells, also called ... known as hair cells. Strategically positioned on the basilar membrane of the organ of Corti are three rows of outer hair cells ... "Epithelial supporting cells can differentiate into outer hair cells and Deiters' cells in the cultured organ of Corti". ...
Type II neurons make up the remaining 5-10% of the neurons and innervate the outer hair cells. They have relatively small ... The peripheral axons of auditory nerve fibers form synaptic connections with the hair cells of the cochlea via ribbon synapses ... Each type I axon innervates only a single inner hair cell, but each inner hair cell is innervated by up to 30 such nerve fibers ... Type I neurons make up 90-95% of the neurons and innervate the inner hair cells. They have relatively large diameters, are ...
There are two types of hair cells specific to the auditory system; inner and outer hair cells. Inner hair cells are the ... hair-bundle motor). These motors (outer hair cells) amplify the traveling wave amplitudes over 40-fold. The outer hair cells ( ... Efferent synapses occur on outer hair cells and on afferent (towards the brain) dendrites under inner hair cells The cochlear ... Outer hair cells are a motor structure. Sound energy causes changes in the shape of these cells, which serves to amplify sound ...
... inner and outer. The inner hair cells are the sensory receptors . Problems with sensory neurons associated with the auditory ... This mechanoelectrical transduction is mediated with hair cells within the ear. Depending on the movement, the hair cell can ... The five basic classes of neurons within the retina are photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, ... Priuska, E.M.; Schacht, J. (1997). "Mechanism and prevention of aminoglycoside ototoxicity: Outer hair cells as targets and ...
They innervate the outer hair cells, with each Type II neuron sampling many (15-20) outer hair cells. In addition, outer hair ... Their dendrites make synaptic contact with the base of hair cells, and their axons are bundled together to form the auditory ... JB Nadol Jr (1990). "Synaptic morphology of inner and outer hair cells of the human organ of Corti". J Elect Micr Tech. Slide ... and exclusively innervate the inner hair cells. They are myelinated, bipolar neurons. Type II spiral ganglion cells make up the ...
Located within the scala media, it contains inner and outer hair cells with stereocilia. The outer hair cells play a ... Auditory hair cell loss is permanent damage due to the inability of these cells to regenerate. Therefore, deafness due to this ... Age-related hair cell degeneration is characterized by loss of stereocilia, shrinkage of hair cell soma, and reduction in outer ... Hair cell development is mediated by Notch signaling, which exerts lateral inhibition onto hair cells. Notch signaling in ...
Thus, not surprisingly the relative effects of outer-hair-cell and inner-hair-cell dysfunction have been predicted with ... The upper limit appears to be determined by a cascade of low pass filters at the level of the inner hair cell and auditory- ... Ruggero MA, Rich NC (April 1991). "Furosemide alters organ of corti mechanics: evidence for feedback of outer hair cells upon ... which is commonly believed to result from loss of cochlear compression that occurs with outer-hair-cell dysfunction due to age ...
One example is auditory neuropathy, a variety of hearing loss in which the outer hair cells of the cochlea are intact and ... Gubbels SP, Woessner DW, Mitchell JC, Ricci AJ, Brigande JV (September 2008). "Functional auditory hair cells produced in the ... However, the regrowth of cochlear hair cells does not imply the restoration of hearing sensitivity, as the sensory cells may or ... using stem cells. Also reported in 2013 was regrowth of hair cells in deaf adult mice using a drug intervention resulting in ...
... which are transmitted to the auditory pathway. The outer hair cells feed back energy to amplify the traveling wave, by up to 65 ... However, the base of the hair cell is in the perilymph, with a 0 mV potential. This leads to the hair cell have a resting ... The movement of the basilar membrane causes hair cell stereocilia movement. The hair cells are attached to the basilar membrane ... lie about 3,500 inner hair cells spaced in a single row. Each cell is attached to a tiny triangular frame. The 'hairs' are ...
Properties of auditory nerve responses in the absence of outer hair cells, J.Neurophysiol. 41: 365-383 (1978) Dallos, P., J. ... notably 50-60 dB amplification by outer hair cells [2.7] First intracellular recordings from outer hair cells in vivo; first ... Absence of cochlear outer hair cells: Effect on behavioural auditory threshold, Nature 253: 44-46 (1975) Dallos, P. and D. ... Discovery that inner hair cells respond to basilar membrane velocity [2.6] Demonstration that in the absence of outer hair ...
... is expressed in neonatal inner and outer hair cells during development and becomes specifically expressed in inner hair cells ... Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and hearing loss in the form of auditory ... This gene is primarily expressed in skin fibroblasts, neural tissuee, photoreceptor cells, hair cells and primary endothelial ... The gene is also highly expressed in all vertebrate hair cells. In the mammalian inner ear, this gene ...
... auditory outer hair cells, stem cells, the retina, and organs such as the heart and pancreas. Modulation of K+ channel activity ... In human pancreatic ß cells, KCNB1, which mediates potassium efflux, produces a downstroke of the action potential in the cell ... These neuronal modifications may explain the atrophy of cell layer volume and late stage cell death observed in HAD disease. ... Yang SN, Shi Y, Yang G, Li Y, Yu J, Berggren PO (November 2014). "Ionic mechanisms in pancreatic β cell signaling". Cellular ...
Cochlear hair cells are organized as inner hair cells and outer hair cells; inner and outer refer to relative position from the ... The auditory hair cells in the cochlea are at the core of the auditory system's special functionality (similar hair cells are ... Outer hair cells primarily provide amplification of traveling waves that are induced by sound energy, while inner hair cells ... Type II neurons can be physiologically manipulated to innervate inner hair cells provided outer hair cells have been destroyed ...
It is dominated by the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti. The magnitude of the recording is dependent on the proximity of ... The depolarized hair cell releases neurotransmitters across a synapse to primary auditory neurons of the spiral ganglion. Upon ... the hair cells attached to this membrane are rhythmically pushed up against the tectorial membrane, bending the hair cell ... particularly in patients who are hard of hearing Diagnosis of auditory neuropathy The basilar membrane and the hair cells of ...
... attenuated threshold shifts of auditory brain stem responses and significantly reduced the loss of outer hair cells caused by ... trabecular cells, ciliary epithelium, conjunctival stromal cells, and iridal stromal cells of the eye; and gingival fibroblasts ... Its activation also: a) supports the development of Regulatory T cells (i.e. suppressor T cells that modulate the immune system ... cell growth, and cell survival (see NF-κB#Structure). The activation of these pathways lead to variety of different types of ...
... on the outer hair cells of guinea pig prevented the cell shortening induced by high K+ (50 mM) and the cell elongation induced ... "Biophysical and pharmacological characterization of voltage-gated calcium currents in turtle auditory hair cells". J. Physiol. ... TCX is involved in the outer hair cell motility too, by blocking the calcium traffic and preventing the cell shortening and ... "Taicatoxin inhibits the calcium-dependent slow motility of mammalian outer hair cells" (PDF). Hear. Res. 203 (1-2): 172-9. doi: ...