Guanosine diphosphate mannose
... or GDP-mannose is a nucleotide sugar that is a substrate for glycosyltransferase reactions in ... Nucleoside Nucleotide Guanosine Guanosine diphosphate v t e (Articles without KEGG source, Articles containing unverified ... "Characterisation of a Leishmania mexicana knockout lacking guanosine diphosphate-mannose pyrophosphorylase". International ... Samuel G, Reeves P (2003). "Biosynthesis of O-antigens: genes and pathways involved in nucleotide sugar precursor synthesis and ...
Fucosyltransferase
A fucosyltransferase is an enzyme that transfers an L-fucose sugar from a GDP-fucose (guanosine diphosphate-fucose) donor ... The acceptor substrate can be another sugar such as the transfer of a fucose to a core GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) sugar as in ...
Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase
I. Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose Pyrophosphorylase: Purification and Properties". J. Biol. Chem. 239: 3119-26. PMID 14245350. ... doi:10.1016/0003-9861(55)90441-0. PREISS J, WOOD E (1964). "Sugar Nucleotide Reactions in Arthrobacter. ... guanosine 5'-diphospho-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase, guanosine diphosphomannose pyrophosphorylase, guanosine triphosphate- ... Munch-Peterson A (1955). "Enzymatic synthesis and phosphorolysis of guanosine diphosphate mannose". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 55 ...
Guanosine diphosphate
It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GDP consists of a pyrophosphate group, a pentose sugar ... Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. ... "Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine diphosphate as conformation-determining molecules. Differential interaction of a ... DNA Guanosine triphosphate Nucleoside Nucleotide Oligonucleotide RNA Crane, Laura J; Miller, David Lee (1974). " ...
List of MeSH codes (D13)
... guanosine diphosphate MeSH D13.695.667.454.340.350 - guanosine diphosphate sugars MeSH D13.695.667.454.340.350.400 - guanosine ... guanosine diphosphate MeSH D13.695.827.426.340.350 - guanosine diphosphate sugars MeSH D13.695.827.426.340.350.400 - guanosine ... guanosine diphosphate sugars MeSH D13.695.827.708.400.410 - guanosine diphosphate fucose MeSH D13.695.827.708.400.500 - ... guanosine diphosphate mannose MeSH D13.695.827.708.727 - uridine diphosphate sugars MeSH D13.695.827.708.727.100 - uridine ...
Glycosidic bond
... guanosine diphosphate (GDP), thymidine diphosphate (TDP), or cytidine monophosphate (CMP). These activated biochemical ... A glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of ether bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, ... The nitrogen atoms from the amino group in the nucleotides are covalently linked to the anomeric carbon of the ribose sugar ... Many biosynthetic pathways use mono- or oligosaccharides activated by a diphosphate linkage to lipids, such as dolichol. These ...
List of EC numbers (EC 3)
... guanosine-3′,5′-bis(diphosphate) 3′-diphosphatase EC 3.1.7.3: monoterpenyl-diphosphatase EC 3.1.7.4: Now recognized as two ... UDP-sugar diphosphatase EC 3.6.1.46: Now EC 3.6.5.1, heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase EC 3.6.1.47: Now EC 3.6.5.3, protein- ... geranyl diphosphate phosphohydrolase * EC 3.6.1.69: 8-oxo-(d)GTP phosphatase * EC 3.6.1.70: guanosine-5′-diphospho-5′-[DNA] ... diphosphate phosphatase EC 3.6.1.41: bis(5′-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (symmetrical) EC 3.6.1.42: guanosine-diphosphatase EC ...
Cytidine monophosphate
As a substituent it takes the form of the prefix cytidylyl-. CMP can be phosphorylated to cytidine diphosphate by the enzyme ... CMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase cytosine; hence, a ribonucleoside ... CMP kinase, with adenosine triphosphate or guanosine triphosphate donating the phosphate group. Since cytidine triphosphate is ...
Nucleotide sugar
Uridine Diphosphate: UDP-α-D-Glc, UDP-α-D-Gal, UDP-α-D-GalNAc, UDP-α-D-GlcNAc, UDP-α-D-GlcA, UDP-α-D-Xyl Guanosine Diphosphate ... Cytidine Diphosphate: CDP-D-Ribitol (i.e. CMP-[ribitol phosphate]); though not a sugar, the phosphorylated sugar alcohol ... Nucleotide sugars are the activated forms of monosaccharides. Nucleotide sugars act as glycosyl donors in glycosylation ... Listed below are the structures of some nucleotide sugars (one example from each type). Normal metabolism of nucleotide sugars ...
List of MeSH codes (D09)
... guanosine diphosphate sugars MeSH D09.408.620.569.400.410 - guanosine diphosphate fucose MeSH D09.408.620.569.400.500 - ... guanosine diphosphate mannose MeSH D09.408.620.569.727 - uridine diphosphate sugars MeSH D09.408.620.569.727.100 - uridine ... nucleoside diphosphate sugars MeSH D09.408.620.569.070 - adenosine diphosphate sugars MeSH D09.408.620.569.070.075 - adenosine ... uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid MeSH D09.408.620.569.727.800 - uridine diphosphate xylose MeSH D09.408.782.250 - escin MeSH ...
Colitose
Heath EC, ELBEIN AD (July 1962). "The enzymatic synthesis of guanosine diphosphate colitose by a mutant strain of Escherichia ... Although the sugar is relatively rare, recent work with glycosyltransferases suggests that obscure sugars such as colitose can ... The sugar was first isolated in 1958, and subsequently was enzymatically synthesized in 1962. The biosynthesis of colitose ... Luderitz O, Staub AM, Stirm S, Westphal O (1958). "[Colitose, 3-desoxy-L-fucose, a new sugar building block with immunospecific ...
Citric acid cycle
... and one equivalent each of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into one equivalent of guanosine ... Through catabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins, the two-carbon organic product acetyl-CoA is produced which enters the citric ... One of the primary sources of acetyl-CoA is from the breakdown of sugars by glycolysis which yield pyruvate that in turn is ... The GTP that is formed by GDP-forming succinyl-CoA synthetase may be utilized by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase to form ATP (the ...
GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase
Guanosine Diphosphate 4-Keto-6-Deoxy-D-Mannose, an Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Guanosine Diphosphate Colitose". J. Biol ... and catalyzes the first step in the process that gives us GDP-Fucose which is essential for the transfer of Fucose sugars. Its ... Other names in use include guanosine 5'-diphosphate-D-mannose oxidoreductase, guanosine diphosphomannose oxidoreductase, ... diphosphate-D-mannose oxidoreductase, guanosine diphosphomannose oxidoreductase, guanosine diphosphomannose 4,6-dehydratase, ...
Guanosine triphosphate
... in second-messenger mechanisms where it is converted to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) through the action of GTPases. GTP is ... the only difference being that nucleotides like GTP have phosphates on their ribose sugar. GTP has the guanine nucleobase ... Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It is one of the building blocks needed for the synthesis ... ISBN 978-0-323-66162-1. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guanosine triphosphate. GTP bound to proteins in the PDB ( ...
Mannans
"Characterisation of a Leishmania mexicana knockout lacking guanosine diphosphate-mannose pyrophosphorylase". International ... Mannans are polymers containing the sugar mannose as a principal component. They are a type of polysaccharide found in ... These polymers also typically contain two other sugars, galactose and glucose. They are often branched (unlike cellulose). ... genes and pathways involved in nucleotide sugar precursor synthesis and O-antigen assembly". Carbohydrate Research. 338 (23): ...
Nucleotide
... also known as a nitrogenous base-and are termed ribonucleotides if the sugar is ribose, or deoxyribonucleotides if the sugar is ... First, the diphosphate from UDP is produced, which in turn is phosphorylated to UTP. Both steps are fueled by ATP hydrolysis: ... Inosine monophosphate is converted to guanosine monophosphate by the oxidation of IMP forming xanthylate, followed by the ... These chain-joins of sugar and phosphate molecules create a 'backbone' strand for a single- or double helix. In any one strand ...
Uridine
... adenine and guanosine) in blood. High levels of purines are known to increase uric acid production and may aggravate or lead to ... and sugar beets, prevented depression in rats as effectively as antidepressant drugs. "Giving rats a combination of uridine and ... a glucose molecule bonded to uridine diphosphate (UDP). This process is catalyzed by the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl ... cytidine and guanosine. The five nucleosides are commonly abbreviated to their symbols, U, A, dT, C, and G, respectively. ...
Nucleic acid metabolism
The conversion of a nucleoside-diphosphate (NDP) to a nucleoside-triphosphate (NTP) is catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate ... Unlike in purine synthesis, the sugar/phosphate group from PRPP is not added to the nitrogenous base until towards the end of ... While IMP can be directly converted to AMP, synthesis of GMP (guanosine monophosphate) requires an intermediate step, in which ... This enzyme converts NDPs (nucleoside-diphosphate) to dNDPs (deoxynucleoside-diphosphate). The nucleotides must be in the ...
Ribonucleotide
In ribonucleotides, the sugar component is ribose while in deoxyribonucleotides, the sugar component is deoxyribose. Instead of ... Ribonucleoside diphosphate (NDP) is reduced by thioredoxin to a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate (dNTP). The general reaction is ... Other variations include adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). ... Ribonucleoside diphosphate + NADPH + H+ -> Deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + NADP+ + H2O To illustrate this equation, dATP and ...
Lincomycin
... guanosine diphosphate attachment at position 1 (LmbO), 4-epimerization (LmbM), 6-oxidation (LmbL), amination (LmbS), imine ... which typically features a L-proline amino acid derivative linked through amide group with an eight-carbon aminothio sugar. The ...
Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase
PRPP provides the ribose sugar in de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, used in the nucleotide bases that form RNA and ... In the transition state upon binding of both substrates, the diphosphate is transferred. The enzyme first releases AMP before ... or guanosine triphosphate (GTP). PRPP plays a role in purine salvage pathways by reacting with free purine bases to form ...
Ribose
Puckering, otherwise known as the sugar ring conformation (specifically ribose sugar), can be described by the amplitude of ... ATP is created during cellular respiration from adenosine diphosphate (ATP with one less phosphate group). Ribose is a building ... The ribonucleosides adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, and uridine are all derivatives of β-d-ribofuranose. Metabolically- ... Z-DNA contains sugars in both the north and south ranges. When only a single atom is displaced, it is referred to as an " ...
Second messenger system
... guanosine diphosphate) molecule on its alpha subunit for a GTP (guanosine triphosphate) molecule. Once this exchange takes ... Sutherland saw that epinephrine would stimulate the liver to convert glycogen to glucose (sugar) in liver cells, but ...
List of biomolecules
... sugar) Sugars (in general) superoxide T2 Toxin Tannic acid Tannin Tartaric acid Taurine Tetrodotoxin Telomerase Thaumatin ... GTPase Guanine Guanosine Guanosine triphosphate (+GTP) Gurungase Haptoglobin Helicase Hematoxylin Heme Hemerythrin Hemocyanin ... Abamectine Abietic acid Acetic acid Acetylcholine Actin Actinomycin D Adenine Adenosmeme Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Adenosine ...
Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
Amdoxovir is a guanosine analogue NRTI prodrug that has good bioavailability. It is deaminated intracellularly by adenosine ... The history of lamivudine can be traced back to the mid-1970s while Bernard Belleau was investigating sugar derivatives. ... including nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDP kinase), phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase and creatine kinase, resulting ... This drug is the only approved antiretroviral that is active as a guanosine analogue in vivo. First it is monophosphorylated by ...
Discovery and development of tubulin inhibitors
... is non-exchangeable whereas the other GTP molecule is bound to β-tubulin and can be easily exchanged with guanosine diphosphate ... Some were found to have effect on lower blood sugar levels and others act as hemostatics. The most interesting thing was that ... Two molecules of energy rich guanosine triphosphate (GTP) are also important components of the microtubule structure. One ...
Adenosine triphosphate
... carbon atom of the sugar to a triphosphate group. In its many reactions related to metabolism, the adenine and sugar groups ... When consumed in metabolic processes, it converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). ... one equivalent of ATP guanosine triphosphate (GTP) through substrate-level phosphorylation catalyzed by succinyl-CoA synthetase ... ATP consists of an adenine attached by the 9-nitrogen atom to the 1′ carbon atom of a sugar (ribose), which in turn is attached ...
List of MeSH codes (D02)
... sugar acids MeSH D02.241.511.902.107 - ascorbic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902.107.260 - dehydroascorbic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902. ... guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) MeSH D02.886.778.150 - carticaine MeSH D02.886.778.370 - ketotifen MeSH D02.886.778.440 - ... cytidine diphosphate choline MeSH D02.675.276.232.700 - phosphorylcholine MeSH D02.675.276.232.710 - platelet activating factor ... cytidine diphosphate choline MeSH D02.092.877.883.333.700 - phosphorylcholine MeSH D02.092.877.883.333.710 - platelet ...
Glossary of genetics (0-L)
deoxyribose A monosaccharide sugar derived from ribose by the loss of a single oxygen atom. D-deoxyribose, in its pentose ring ... guanosine (G, Guo) One of the four standard nucleosides used in RNA molecules, consisting of a guanine base with its N9 ... adenosine diphosphate (ADP) adenosine monophosphate (AMP) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) An organic compound derived from adenine ... double-strand break (DSB) The loss of continuity of the phosphate-sugar backbone in both strands of a double-stranded DNA ...
History of molecular biology
In 1919 Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute identified the components (the four bases, the sugar and the phosphate ... involvement of a guanosine nucleotide in the excision of the intervening sequence". Cell. 27 (3 Pt 2): 487-96. doi:10.1016/0092 ... which cleaved a phosphate group from nucleotide diphosphates to catalyze their polymerization. This discovery allowed ... such as the sugars. Every one of these processes is catalyzed by a particular enzyme. Enzymes are proteins, like the antibodies ...