The forelimb thus develops into a flipper. The forelimbs of cetaceans, pinnipeds, and sirenians presents a classic example of ... Specific uses of the forelimbs may be analogous if they evolved from different sub-structures of the forelimb, such as the ... A forelimb is not to be confused with a forearm, which is a distal portion of the human upper limb between the elbow and the ... A forelimb or front limb is one of the paired articulated appendages (limbs) attached on the cranial (anterior) end of a ...

Storrs (1997); "Forelimb", page 171. Everhart (2005); "Where the Elasmosaurs Roamed", page 132. Everhart (2005); "Where the ... with the left forelimb injured by a predator causing the loss of use of this limb but which nevertheless survived for some time ...

"Hadrosaur Forelimb Study". Palaeo-electronica.org. Retrieved 2013-07-23. Williams, Vincent S.; Barrett, Paul M.; Purnell, Mark ...

... the right forelimb; the left pelvis and the right ischium. According to Michael P. Taylor, as of 2022, the holotype of C. ...

3-4 forelimb lamellae; No peri-orbital X pattern; No distinct peri-orbital ocelli; No distinct naso-orbital triangular "figure ...

... a partial left forelimb; and partial innominates. A second species, Chrysocetus fouadassii, is known from Bartonian-age ...

In terms of limb proportions, Zhao indicated that the forelimb of Klamelisaurus was three-quarters the length of the hindlimb, ... the relatively short forelimb; and the fibula-femur length ratio. However, he noted that the combination of more than twelve ...

Tarquini, J.; Toledo, N.; Morgan, C. C.; Soibelzon, L. H. (16 January 2017). "The forelimb of †Cyonasua sp. (Procyonidae, ... "Comparative osteology and functional morphology of the forelimb of Cyonasua (Mammalia, Procyonidae), the first South American ...

Dorsal forelimb has glandular warts. Smooth granular skin on throat and underside of thigh, and rough granular skin on chest ...

J. Tarquini; N. Toledo; C. C. Morgan; L. H. Soibelzon (2017). "The forelimb of †Cyonasua sp. (Procyonidae, Carnivora): ... A study on the growth of forelimb bones of Smilodon fatalis as indicated by the anatomy of specimens recovered from the La Brea ... substrate preference and locomotory mode in the forelimb of Cyonasua is published by Tarquini et al. (2017). A reevaluation of ...

Equine forelimb anatomy Whitcomb, MB; Weiser. "Diagnostic Ultrasound & Musculoskeletal injuries in Horses". Archived from the ...

... and Therizinosaurus possessed the longest forelimbs known for any bipedal dinosaurs. The holotype forelimbs ... It is slightly larger than the holotype, and it could be clearly identified as Deinocheirus by its left forelimb, and therefore ... The specimen consisted of both forelimbs, excluding the claws of the right hand, the complete shoulder girdle, centra of three ... The specific name comes from Latin and means "unusual" or "peculiar", chosen for the unusual structure of the forelimbs. The ...

The furcula is broad and more or less U-shaped with its two branches angled at 125°. The forelimb is rather long; its length is ... The hindlimbs and especially the forelimbs were rather elongated. Dal Sasso & Maganuco considered it likely that a coat of ... Mysterious shaft parts present near the forelimbs are by Dal Sasso & Maganuco interpreted as the remains of a nineteenth ...

Castorocauda's powerful forelimbs look adapted for digging. This feature and the spurs on its ankles make it resemble the ... The newborn marsupial uses its forelimbs (with relatively strong hands) to climb to a nipple, which is usually in a pouch on ... Some of the carnivores had semi-erect hindlimbs, but all dinocephalians had sprawling forelimbs. In many ways they were very ... However, they also discuss that earlier mammals had more erect forelimbs as opposed to the more sprawling hindlimbs, a trend ...

"Forelimb," Tidwell, Carpenter, and Meyer (2001). Page 148. "Pelvis," Tidwell, Carpenter, and Meyer (2001). Page 152. " ... ISBN 0-253-33907-3. Tidwell, Virginia; Wilhite, D. Ray (2005). "Ontogenetic Variation and Isometric Growth in the Forelimb of ...

"Forelimb Amputation Prosthesis (PerFiTS) - Fitzpatrick Referrals". Fitzpatrick Referrals. Retrieved 12 April 2017. MRCVSonline ...

"Forelimb," Tidwell, Carpenter, and Meyer (2001). Page 148. Ignacio A. Cerda and Jaime E. Powell, 2010, "Dermal Armor Histology ...

The forelimbs of Allosaurus were short in comparison to the hindlimbs (only about 35% the length of the hindlimbs in adults) ... This is compatible with other evidence that the forelimbs were strong and capable of restraining prey. Studies done by Stephen ... Carpenter, Kenneth (2002). "Forelimb biomechanics of nonavian theropod dinosaurs in predation". Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 82 (1 ... Stress fractures and tendon avulsions occurring in the forelimb have special behavioral significance since while injuries to ...

Otogornis genghisi - "Shoulder girdle forelimb elements." Earth sciences portal Paleontology portal Dinosaurs portal List of ...

Gonyea, W. J. (1978). "Functional implications of felid forelimb anatomy". Acta Anatomica. 102 (2): 111-121. doi:10.1159/ ...

Equine forelimb anatomy William Ridgeway (1905). The origin and influence of the Thoroughbred horse. University Press. pp. 538 ...

As a spinosaur it would have had a long, low snout and robust forelimbs, and one possible skeleton indicates the presence of a ... As a spinosaurid, Siamosaurus would have had low, narrow, and elongated jaws; well-built forelimbs; relatively short hindlimbs ...

Fore limbs absent. Hind limbs vestigial and appear as buds. Dorsum brown or light reddish brown, hatchlings are dark gray or ...

The forelimb comprised the typical radius, ulna, humerus, and manus. These bones are typically more developed with greater ... Relative development is as with the forelimb. All temnospondyls with a known pes have five digits. Unlike modern amphibians, ...

The forelimbs and hindlimbs strongly resembled each other. The humerus in the upper arm, and the femur in the upper leg, had ... Less attention was given to an alternative hypothesis by Stephen Godfrey in 1984, which proposed that both the forelimbs and ... Watson, D.M.S. (1924). "The elasmosaurid shoulder-girdle and fore-limb". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1924 ... the hindlimbs would have rowed in the horizontal plane but the forelimbs would have paddled, moved to below and to the rear. In ...

The forelimb is robust but relatively long. In Edmontonia longiceps and E. rugosidens the deltopectoral crest of the humerus is ...

Reconstructions of ankylosaur forelimb musculature made by Coombs in 1978 suggest that the forelimbs bore the majority of the ... The forelimbs strongly increased in robustness while the hindlimbs did not become larger relative to the rest of the skeleton, ... It was quadrupedal, and its hind limbs were longer than its forelimbs. In the holotype specimen, the scapula (shoulder blade) ... Coombs, W. (1978). "Forelimb muscles of the Ankylosauria (Reptilia, Ornithischia)". Journal of Paleontology. 52 (3): 642-57. ...

The forelimbs had five fingers of which only the first three bore wide and flat unguals. The feet were wide and had four toes ... The hindlimbs were longer than the forelimbs. The tail was long and had an enigmatic sail-like structure, which may have been ... The forelimbs of Protoceratops could sprawl laterally but not for quadrupedal locomotion, which was accomplished with the ... In its general form, the forelimbs of Protoceratops were shorted than the hindlimbs, and composed by the humerus, radius, and ...

Its function is to elevate and abduct the forelimb. It is innervated by the accessory nerve. Rhomboideus: originates on the ... Its function is to elevate the forelimb. It is innervated by the ventral branches of the spinal nerves. Latissimus dorsi: ...

Coombs, Walter P. (1978). "Forelimb Muscles of the Ankylosauria (Reptilia, Ornithischia)". Journal of Paleontology. 52 (3): 642 ...