... the number of pancreatic alpha cells outnumbers the number of pancreatic beta cells. The alpha cells reach their peak in the ... Near term, the insulin concentration increases to 93 pmol/g. The endocrine cells have dispersed throughout the body within 10 ... Fetal cells contain a higher amount of insulin receptors in comparison to adults cells and fetal insulin receptors are not ... The endocrine system arises from all three embryonic germ layers. The endocrine glands that produce the steroid hormones, such ...

Secondly, other endocrine therapies can directly influence the effect of estrogen in cancer cells. ER function can be ... miR-155 stimulates the STAT3 signaling pathway, and this is associated with cell survival and endocrine resistance, ... Endocrine resistance in breast cancer leads to the progression of the disease and relapse. Resistance to endocrine therapy, ... If a patient with ER+ breast cancer develops endocrine resistance, the endocrine therapy used to treat the cancer will no ...

Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Suomalainen L, Parvinen M, Dunkel L (2000). "Estradiol acts as a germinal cell survival factor in the ... The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) in humans. ... The pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it functions both as an endocrine and as an exocrine gland. In 1998, skeletal muscle was ... "Endocrine glands". opentextbc. Retrieved 16 September 2019. Nosek, Thomas M. "Section 5/5ch4/s5ch4_17". Essentials of Human ...

The alpha and beta cells are the endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets that release insulin and glucagon and smaller amounts ... The hormones which they produce help to regulate the functions of cells and tissues throughout the body. Endocrine organs are ... Local chemical messengers, not generally considered part of the endocrine system, include autocrines, which act on the cells ... The ability of a target cell to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of receptors, within the cell or on its plasma ...

... impact of diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle progenitor cells". Frontiers in Physiology. 4: 379. doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00379 ... Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known ... Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups: Endocrine gland hypofunction/hyposecretion (leading ... of endocrine glands Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion ...

It is an early activation marker that is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, T cells, and many other cell types in the ... Endocrine. 52 (1): 30-8. doi:10.1007/s12020-015-0759-7. PMID 26475497. S2CID 30154540. Farber DL, Yudanin NA, Restifo NP ( ... Activation signaling pathways in lymphocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells and other cell types upregulate transcription factors, ... Helper Cell-Germinal Center B Cell Interaction Strength Regulates Entry into Plasma Cell or Recycling Germinal Center Cell Fate ...

... presence of the enzyme in alveolar type I cells". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 9 (2): 221-9. doi ... Endocrine Journal. 46 (1): 11-25. doi:10.1507/endocrj.46.11. PMID 10426564. Rehli M, Krause SW, Andreesen R (2000). "The ... Fujiwara H, Imai K, Inoue T, Maeda M, Fujii S (February 1999). "Membrane-bound cell surface peptidases in reproductive organs ... "Distribution of carboxypeptidase M on lymphoid and myeloid cells parallels the other zinc-dependent proteases CD10 and CD13". ...

Lo, B; Parham, L (2009). "Ethical issues in stem cell research". Endocrine Reviews. 30 (3): 204-13. doi:10.1210/er.2008-0031. ... The second being a somatic cell, referring to the cells of the human body. Skin cells, fat cells, and liver cells are only a ... "Human Embryonic Stem Cells Derived by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer". Cell. 153 (6): 1228-38. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.006. ... The Scientist 19 June 2007 Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Using Adult Cells Cell Stem Cell. Retrieved 18 April 2014 Ariana ...

They are produced by endocrine cells that receive input from neurons, or neuroendocrine cells. Both classic hormones and ... Hormones affect distant cells by binding to specific receptor proteins in the target cell, resulting in a change in cell ... Hormone producing cells are found in the endocrine glands, such as the thyroid gland, ovaries, and testes. Exocytosis and other ... Despite being lipid soluble, they nevertheless attach to their receptor at the cell surface. In vertebrates, endocrine glands ...

"Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Research". Endocrine Reviews. NIH. 30 (3): 204-213. doi:10.1210/er.2008-0031. PMC 2726839. PMID ... Cell bank Human genome Meristem Mesenchymal stem cell Ovarian stem cell Partial cloning Plant stem cell Stem cell controversy ... from adult cells. These are not adult stem cells, but somatic cells (e.g. epithelial cells) reprogrammed to give rise to cells ... mesenchymal stem cell, adipose-derived stem cell, endothelial stem cell, dental pulp stem cell, etc.). Muse cells (multi- ...

Lo B, Parham L (May 2009). "Ethical issues in stem cell research". Endocrine Reviews. 30 (3): 204-213. doi:10.1210/er.2008-0031 ... neural and liver cells have all been engineered through use of amniotic stem cells. Tissues obtained from amniotic cell lines ... Research has shown that cells from second trimester amniotic fluid are successful at differentiating into various cell lines. ... and endothelial stem cells. A potential benefit of using amniotic stem cells over those obtained from embryos is that they ...

Along with genetic modifications, certain environmental factors such as endocrine disruptors, presence of a daily routine that ... In order to heal the tissue and replace the damage, the cells undergoes cell division. Each time the cell divides, there is a ... Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) are heterogeneous tumors that are derived from the primitive germ cells of the embryonic gonad ... OGCT is caused mainly due to the formation of malignant cancer cells in the primordial germ cells of the ovary. The exact ...

Cells of the adrenal medulla are called chromaffin cells because they contain granules that stain with chromium salts, a ... A number of endocrine diseases involve dysfunctions of the adrenal gland. Overproduction of cortisol leads to Cushing's ... Its small cells form irregular cords and clusters, separated by capillaries and connective tissue. The cells contain relatively ... ACTH acts on the adrenal cells first by increasing the levels of StAR within the cells, and then of all steroidogenic P450 ...

"Trophoblast Stem Cells: Models for Investigating Trophectoderm Differentiation and Placental Development". Endocrine Reviews. ... Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are cells that can regenerate and they are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the fact ... In the placenta, these stem cells are able to differentiate into any trophoblast cell because they are pluripotent. ... They become pluripotent stem cells. The trophoblast proliferates and differentiates into two cell layers at approximately six ...

Cell. 77 (1): 21-32. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90231-3. PMID 8156594. S2CID 36371069. Jacobson EM, Li P, Leon-del-Rio A, ... Endocrine Reviews. 22 (1): 2-35. doi:10.1210/edrv.22.1.0421. PMID 11159814. Petryniak B, Staudt LM, Postema CE, McCormack WT, ... Cell. 73 (1): 193-205. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90171-L. PMID 8462099. S2CID 24276357. Andersen B, Rosenfeld MG (Feb 2001). " ...

22 March 2011). "Inmunohistochemical Profile of Solid Cell Nest of Thyroid Gland". Endocrine Pathology. Springer. 22 (1): 35-39 ... She carried out widely cited research on the thyroid, identifying solid cell nests (SCN) in 1907. Because of her status as a ... Her observation was that cell rests and cysts of the postbranchial body in atrophic goiters of the thyroid were not formed from ... 1932). Special Cytology-The Form and Functions of the Cell in Health and Disease: A Textbook for Students of Biology and ...

Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Diabetes, Human cells, Endocrine pancreas, ... The beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes is mainly caused by reduced beta cell number rather than size. Hyperglycaemia becomes ... "Reduced beta cell number rather than size is a major contributor to beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes". Diabetologia. 64 (8): ... Pancreatic beta cell function (synonyms Gβ or, if calculated from fasting concentrations of insulin and glucose, HOMA-Beta or ...

Chief cell hyperplasia is a common disorder in individuals with other endocrine abnormalities, though it may still occur ... Parathyroid chief cells (also called parathyroid principal cells or simply parathyroid cells) are one of the two cell types of ... The chief cells are much more prevalent in the parathyroid gland than the oxyphil cells. It is perceived that oxyphil cells may ... Oxyphil cell (parathyroid) List of human cell types derived from the germ layers List of distinct cell types in the adult human ...

It contains numerous granulosa cells. Granulosa cells or follicular cells are cells that surround the oocyte within the ... McGee EA, Hsueh AJ (April 2000). "Initial and cyclic recruitment of ovarian follicles". Endocrine Reviews. 21 (2): 200-14. doi: ... The granulosa cells, in turn, are enclosed in a thin layer of extracellular matrix - the follicular basement membrane or basal ... They also consist of granulosa cells and theca of follicle. Once a month, one of the ovaries releases a mature egg (ovum), ...

The drug disrupts the junctions between nurse cells (Sertoli cells) in the testes and forming spermatids. The sperm are ... Endocrine Reviews. 25 (5): 747-806. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0022. PMID 15466940. Mruk DD, Wong CH, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY ( ... Mruk DD, Cheng CY (October 2004). "Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell interactions and their significance in germ cell ... August 2012). "Small-molecule inhibition of BRDT for male contraception". Cell. 150 (4): 673-684. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.06. ...

Endocrine lineages develop into Delta cells, PP-cells, Epsilon cells, Beta cells and Alpha cells. Alpha cells produce glucagon ... digestive enzyme transporting cells (ductal cells) and hormone producing cells (endocrine cells). These endocrine cells develop ... Exocrine cells constitute the acinar cells and the ductal cells. The endocrine cells constitute the beta cells which make ... Pancreatic progenitor cells are Nkx2.2+/Nkx6.1+/P48+ cells. Endocrine progenitor cells develop from Pancreatic Progenitor cells ...

Endocrine Pathology. 26 (2): 119-28. doi:10.1007/s12022-015-9366-7. PMID 25861052. S2CID 27271366. Kemp K, Wilkins A, Scolding ... with basket cells synapsing on the Purkinje cell axon initial segment and stellate cells onto the dendrites. Purkinje cells ... Purkinje cells migrate toward the outer surface of the cerebellar cortex and form the Purkinje cell layer. Purkinje cells are ... with up to 200,000 parallel fibers forming a Granule-cell-Purkinje-cell synapse with a single Purkinje cell. Canonically, each ...

... is reported to be a key modulator of endocrine cell function and has been shown that FS cells (and some endocrine cells) ... "Cell-to-cell communication in the anterior pituitary: evidence for gap junction-mediated exchanges between endocrine cells and ... A Folliculostellate (FS) cell is a type of non-endocrine cell found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Rinehart and ... FS Cells are thought to have a role in relaying signals to the hormone secreting endocrine cells of the pituitary gland. Nitric ...

"Analysis of the mechanism of steroid hormone receptor-dependent gene activation in cell-free systems". Endocrine Reviews. 13 (3 ... Finally, the overall ratio of concentrations of coactivator to corepressor may differ in different cell types. At the turn of ... Elger W, Bartley J, Schneider B, Kaufmann G, Schubert G, Chwalisz K (2000-10-01). "Endocrine pharmacological characterization ... McKenna NJ, O'Malley BW (Feb 2002). "Combinatorial control of gene expression by nuclear receptors and coregulators". Cell. 108 ...

Hoek KS, Goding CR (2010). "Cancer stem cells versus phenotype-switching in melanoma". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 23 (6): 746- ... Endocrine Abstracts. 2: 52. D'Souza CA, Heitman J (December 2001). "It infects me, it infects me not: phenotypic switching in ... A second example occurs in melanoma, where malignantly transformed pigment cells switch back-and-forth between phenotypes of ... Cancer Cell. 24 (1): 105-19. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2013.05.009. PMID 23792190. Neville SE, Baigent S, Lowry PJ (December 2001). " ...

As shown in mature male rats, the agent induces reversible germ cell loss from the seminiferous epithelium by disrupting cell ... Endocrine Reviews. 25 (5): 747-806. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0022. PMID 15466940. Lee NP, Wong EW, Mruk DD, Cheng CY (2009). " ... but the membrane-bound FSH receptors on Sertoli cells still bind to it, delivering the Adjudin directly to the target cells. ... "Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell interactions and their significance in germ cell movement in the seminiferous epithelium ...

June 2007). "Endocrine regulation of the fasting response by PPARalpha-mediated induction of fibroblast growth factor 21". Cell ... February 2016). "FGF21 Mediates Endocrine Control of Simple Sugar Intake and Sweet Taste Preference by the Liver". Cell ... Moreover, Shahror et al utilized cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that overexpress FGF21, and found FG21 to ... cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. Most of the members of the non-endocrine FGF family ...

Vlahou A, Flytzanis CN (Feb 2000). "Subcellular trafficking of the nuclear receptor COUP-TF in the early embryonic cell cycle ... Tsai SY, Tsai MJ (Apr 1997). "Chick ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factors (COUP-TFs): coming of age". Endocrine ... a transcriptional activator of HIV-1 gene expression in human brain cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (38): ... in the transcriptional activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in human microglial cells". ...

The adjustments brought on by the endocrine system are biochemical, changing the cell's internal and external chemistry to ... Endocrine disruptors, sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents, endocrine disrupting chemicals, or endocrine ... Genes may be manipulated in a particular cell populations if done under the correct conditions. For Endocrine disrupting ... Endocrine systems are found in most varieties of animals. The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones, and ...

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.039. PMC 5329766. PMID 28187287. Cooper GM (2000). "The Molecular Composition of Cells". The Cell: A ... Endocrine Reviews. 25 (5): 807-30. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0026. PMID 15466941. Alfarouk KO, Verduzco D, Rauch C, Muddathir AK, ... Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell ... Binding of the hormone to insulin receptors on cells then activates a cascade of protein kinases that cause the cells to take ...