... most of their fibers are efferent. A relatively small afferent contribution is present. The efferent pathways include the ... Afferent pathways include the anterior spinocerebellar and tectocerebellar tracts. The fibers of the anterior spinocerebellar ...
Gross, P. M; Wainman, D. S; Shaver, S. W; Wall, K. M; Ferguson, A. V (1990). "Metabolic activation of efferent pathways from ... As an important mechanism of both energy and osmotic homeostasis, the SFO has many efferent projections. In fact, SFO neurons ... While the afferent projections of the SFO are considered less important than the various efferent connections, it is still ... Conversely, the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis maintains efferent projections to the stria medullaris and basal ...
Petrides, M; Pandya, DN (2007). "Efferent association pathways from the rostral prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey". J ...
doi:10.1038/news050711-1. Weeg, M. S. (22 June 2005). "Vocal Pathways Modulate Efferent Neurons to the Inner Ear and Lateral ... The neuronal pathway for midshipman vocalization starts at the ventral medullary nucleus and continues to a hindbrain vocal ... This model organisms' simple system could lead to a deeper understanding of human speech and auditory pathways,. This ...
Petrides, M; Pandya, DN (Oct 24, 2007). "Efferent association pathways from the rostral prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey ... Pandya, D. N.; Hoesen, G. W.; Mesulam, M. -M. (1981). "Efferent connections of the cingulate gyrus in the rhesus monkey". ...
Nakamura, K.; Morrison, S. F. (2006). "Central efferent pathways mediating skin cooling-evoked sympathetic thermogenesis in ... The conditioned response happens in the brain with the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus providing the output pathway to ... Love, J. A.; Yi, E.; Smith, T. G. (2007). "Autonomic pathways regulating pancreatic exocrine secretion". Autonomic Neuroscience ... However, the existence of the parasympathetic antiinflammatory nerve pathway is controversial with one reviewer stating: "there ...
Nakamura K, Morrison SF (January 2007). "Central efferent pathways mediating skin cooling-evoked sympathetic thermogenesis in ... a type of monoamine neurotransmitter and are modulated through fibrous pathways in the midbrain. Projections from the raphe ...
... is one of the three principal pathways by which fibers leave the amygdala. The other main efferent pathways from the amygdala ... The ventral amygdalofugal pathway carries output from the central and basolateral nuclei and delivers it to a number of targets ... Di Marino V, Etienne Y, Niddam M (2016). "Connection Pathways of the Cerebral Amygdala". The Amygdaloid Nuclear Complex: ... primarily through output pathways to the lateral hypothalamus and brain stem." The CeA is also responsible for "conscious ...
"The afferent and efferent organization of the lateral geniculo-prestriate pathways in the macaque monkey". The Journal of ... Evidence also suggests that, following a traumatic injury to V1, there is still a direct pathway from the retina through the ... However, more recent evidence point to a pathway from S-cones to the superior colliculus, opposing previous research and ... OCLC 226911727.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Dragoi V (1997). "Chapter 15: Visual Processing: Cortical Pathways". ...
... is one of the three major efferent pathways of the amygdala, meaning that it is one of the three principal pathways by which ... The other main efferent pathways from the amygdala are the stria terminalis and anterior commissure. While the stria terminalis ... While the stria terminalis follows a C-shaped pathway along the lateral ventricles, the ventral amygdalofugal pathway is more ... but they need to interrupt both the mammillothalamic tract and the amygdalofugal pathway in order to do so. Thus, both pathways ...
The trigeminal motor nucleus forms the efferent pathway of the jaw jerk reflex. Since the axons involved in this reflex do not ...
In a noisy environment the MOC efferent pathways are required to be active in two distinct ways. The first is an automatic ... In a quiet environment when speech from a single talker is being listened to, then the MOC efferent pathways are essentially ... This is the interaural time difference (ITD) cue and is measured by signal processing in the two central auditory pathways that ... In this case the single speech stream enters both ears and its representation ascends the two auditory pathways. The stream ...
Therefore, these cells are the origin of the earliest efferent pathway of the developing cortex. It is thought that axons of ... pioneer neurons, pioneer axons, serve as a pathway for additional neurons that develop later in the embryo and project their ...
The autonomic nervous system is unique in that it requires a sequential two-neuron efferent pathway; the preganglionic neuron ... this is the one exception to the two-neuron pathway rule: the synapse is directly efferent onto the target cell bodies) These ... general visceral efferent) neurons and are the preganglionic neurons. There are several locations upon which preganglionic ...
Disconnection via lesions of the inhibitory efferent pathways from cortical and subcortical areas of the brain is a potential ... This theory deals with inhibitory pathways being ablated or malfunctioning post-injury. This leads to sympathetic pathways from ... In this case, rather than inhibitory pathways malfunctioning and allowing sympathetic pathways to propagate unhindered, ... The exact pathways or causes for the development of the syndrome are not known. Traumatic brain injury, hypoxia, stroke, anti- ...
Patients with chronic complete high cervical spinal cord lesions have intact efferent vagal neural pathways directed to the ... However, efferent vagal (parasympathetic) activity is a major contributor to the HF component, as seen in clinical and ... The polyvagal theory is another way to describe the pathways in the autonomic nervous system that mediate HRV. The polyvagal ... However, it places more emphasis on respiratory sinus arrhythmia and its transmission by a hypothesized neural pathway distinct ...
... motor neuron syndrome appears when motor control of skeletal muscles is affected due to damage to the efferent motor pathways. ... Such repeated usage of neural pathways include continuous reading which may result in temporary vision failure. Some reports ... the demyelination process affects the communication between neurons and this consequently affects the neural pathways they ... not clearly understood how MS results in physical fatigue but it is known that the repetitive usage of the same neural pathways ...
As shown in research published in the International Journal of Psychophysiology, efferent pathways throughout the brain help to ... For example, in those with autism, pathways running through to the middle ear muscles make it difficult for the person to focus ...
Stimulation of the efferent pathway of the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter which interacts with the α7 ... It is the efferent, or motor arm of the inflammatory reflex, the neural circuit that responds to and regulates the inflammatory ... Stimulation of the efferent vagus nerve slows heart rate, induces gastrointestinal motility, and inhibits TNF production in ... The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway provides a braking effect on the innate immune response which protects the body ...
In the case of bladder control, contractions are controlled by the parasympathetic efferent pathways of the sacral section of ... The spine is an important part of pain sensation as many pathways pass from the extremities through the spine into the brain. ... On the other hand, bladder control is closely associated with parasympathetic pathways on both the sacral and lumbar sections ... roots of the spinal cord and electrically stimulate the neurons allowing them to propagate signals in their respective pathways ...
Efferent pathways then descend ipsilaterally from the hypothalamus through the pons and medulla to preganglionic sympathetic ... topographical aspects of central sympathetic pathways". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 91 (5): 372-376. doi:10.1111/j.1600- ...
... where the neurons in the digestive tract communicate through both afferent and efferent pathways with the vagus nerve. ... It functions as a pathway for the innervation in the mucosa layer of the gastrointestinal wall. The ENS is capable of ... In vertebrates, the enteric nervous system includes efferent neurons, afferent neurons, and interneurons, all of which make the ... 2015). "Genetics and pharmacogenetics of aminergic transmitter pathways in functional gastrointestinal disorders". ...
The subtrigeminal nucleus sends its projections to the flocculonodular lobe.[citation needed] All of these efferent pathways ... The afferent pathways to the LRN come from the spinal cord and higher brain structures. Most of the afferents come from the ...
The ventral posterior nucleus has, by virtue of its afferent and efferent pathways, crucial relay and regulatory roles in touch ...
1.) Vagovagal reflex: Distention, or stretching, activates an afferent pathway which in turn stimulates efferent response from ... 2.) Local ENS Pathway: Activated ENS releases ACh stimulating parietal cells to secrete acid. As dietary protein is digested, ... ACh is secreted by parasympathetic nerve fibers of both the short and long reflex ,.ml; pathways. Histamine is a paracrine ...
... efferent pathway) to constrict. If there is a unilateral small pupil with normal reactivity to light, it is unlikely that a ... If there is an efferent defect in the left eye, the left pupil will remain dilated regardless of where the light is shining, ... This is because the left eye will not respond to external stimulus (afferent pathway), but can still receive neural signals ...
Using acoustic stimuli to activate the MOC reflex pathway, recordings have been made from single efferent fibres in guinea pigs ... providing further evidence for tonotopic organisation of the efferent pathways. These findings led to the current understanding ... Sep 1979). "Efferent innervation of the organ of corti: two separate systems". Brain Res. 173 (1): 152-5. doi:10.1016/0006-8993 ... 1997). "Efferent innervation of the inner hair cell region: origins and terminations of two lateral olivocochlear systems". ...
... the anterior cingulate cortex shares afferent and efferent pathways with a number of thalamic nuclei as well as the posterior ... This pathway involves GABAergic inhibitory projections that serve as one of the means of communication between the different ...
... both afferent and efferent pathways) in a series of papers collectively called "Correlated anatomical and physiological studies ...
182 Signals transmitted through efferent and afferent pathways allow the central nervous system to anticipate, plan or guide ...