... , Chromium, Lists of isotopes by element). ... Chromium-51 is a synthetic radioactive isotope of chromium ... The isotopes of chromium range from 42Cr to 70Cr. The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 52Cr, is ... Chromium isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, ... Naturally occurring chromium (24Cr) is composed of four stable isotopes; 50Cr, 52Cr, 53Cr, and 54Cr with 52Cr being the most ...
... isotopes are typically collocated (and compounded) with manganese isotopes. This circumstance is useful in isotope ... Some other notable chromium(II) compounds include chromium(II) oxide CrO, and chromium(II) sulfate CrSO 4. Many chromium(II) ... A large number of chromium(III) compounds are known, such as chromium(III) nitrate, chromium(III) acetate, and chromium(III) ... Most chromium(I) compounds are obtained solely by oxidation of electron-rich, octahedral chromium(0) complexes. Other chromium( ...
Large kinetic isotope effects are observed. (2) Oxidative annulation of alkenols to form six-membered rings may be accomplished ... Oxidation with chromium(VI) complexes involves the conversion of alcohols to carbonyl compounds or more highly oxidized ... Oxidation with chromium(VI) has two primary limitations. Operationally, the tarry byproducts lead to lowered yields. In ... "Chromium-based Reagents". Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones. Basic Reactions in Organic Synthesis. 2006. pp. 1-95 ...
... precipitated chromium isotope ratios in sediments abundant in ferric iron accurately reflect seawater chromium isotope ratios ... is associated with negative chromium isotope excursions. Following the riverine transport of oxidised chromium into the ocean, ... Chromium isotopes also show that during the Cryogenian interglacial interval, between the Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations, ... Further positive carbon isotope excursions occurred during the Cryogenian. Although several negative carbon isotope excursions ...
... and the soluble oxidized chromium carried into the ocean shows this enhancement of the heavier isotope. The chromium isotope ... However, the chromium data may conflict with the sulfur isotope data, which calls the reliability of the chromium data into ... "Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes". Nature. 461 (7261): 250-253. Bibcode: ... In any case, Isotope geochemistry data from sulfate minerals have been interpreted to indicate a decrease in the size of the ...
"On-Line Hydrogen-Isotope Measurements of Organic Samples Using Elemental Chromium: An Extension for High Temperature Elemental- ... isotope ratios of the bulk chemical mixture, or isotope ratios of individual constituent compounds. Stable isotopes of carbon ... In any isotope system, kinetic effects are stronger for larger mass differences. Light isotopes in most systems also tend to ... In the equilibrium isotope reactions of Hydrogen and Deuterium in general, enrichment of the heavy isotope is observed in the ...
... with different isotope ratios. The three stable O-isotopes are 16O, 17O, and 18O. A "three-isotope plot" (17O/16O axis versus ... Nickel, chromium, and other alloying elements are then shed as tiny grains. This oxidation appears to have occurred in multiple ... Oxygen isotope studies had been performed before the modern era, both on Earth rocks and meteorites. However, isotope ... Although the carbon and nitrogen isotopes are closer to CI, the oxygen isotopes, which predominate, are not CI-like. Tagish ...
This was later called into question as iron chromium sulfide is very rare with a relative abundance of 0.4%. By the 1980s, CCF ... Extinct isotopes of superheavy elements are isotopes of superheavy elements whose half-lives were too short to have lasted ... Carbonaceous chondrite fission xenon, often abbreviated as CCF Xe, are a collection of different isotopes of xenon that were ... Lewis, R. S.; Anders, E.; Shimamura, T.; Lugmair, G. W. (1983-01-01). "Barium Isotopes in Allende Meteorite: Evidence against ...
"Isotope dilution measurement of inorganic chromium(III) and total chromium in seawater". Marine Chemistry. 14 (4): 347-364. ... doi:10.1016/0012-821X(93)90104-H. Jeandel, C.; Bishop, J.K.; Zindler, A. (1995). "Exchange of neodymium and its isotopes ... Catherine Jeandel is a French geochemical oceanographer known for her research on isotope geochemistry and trace elements in ... doi:10.1016/0012-821X(93)90104-H. Lacan, Francois; Jeandel, Catherine (April 2005). "Neodymium isotopes as a new tool for ...
... the resulting 44Ti nucleus can then fuse with another alpha particle to form chromium-48. The age of supernovae may be ... The isotopes of titanium range in atomic mass from 38.01 u (38Ti) to 62.99 u (63Ti). The primary decay mode for isotopes ... their respective decay products are scandium isotopes and the primary products after are vanadium isotopes. mTi - Excited ... Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC ...
"Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratios and the Atomic Weight of a Reference Sample of Chromium" (PDF). Journal of Research of the ... Isotopic labeling Isotopes of hydrogen Isotopes of carbon; δ13C Isotopes of oxygen; δ18O Isotopes of nitrogen; δ15N Isotopes of ... Isotope Isotopologue Isotopomer Isotope analysis Isotopic signature Stable Isotope Ratio Isotope geochemistry Isotope-ratio ... Clumped isotopes present a distinct set of challenges for isotopic reference materials. By convention the clumped isotope ...
The isotope Bh-262 was the fusion of bismuth-209 and chromium-54. For the first time, the seat of a member of the United States ...
Schauble E, Rossman GR, Taylor HP (2004) Theoretical estimates of equilibrium chromium-isotope fractionations. Chemical Geology ... Schauble, EA; Rossman, GR; Taylor, HP (2001) Theoretical estimates of equilibrium Fe-isotope fractionations from vibrational ...
Computer components contain many toxic substances, like dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), cadmium, chromium, ... radioactive isotopes and mercury. A typical computer monitor may contain more than 6% lead by weight, much of which is in the ...
The circuit boards in a computer contain mercury, and chromium. When these types of materials, and chemicals are disposed ... radioactive isotopes and mercury. Circuit boards contain considerable quantities of lead-tin solders that are more likely to ... It contains lead and chromium in the metal plates. Resistors, semi-conductors, infrared detectors, stabilizers, cables, and ... Computer components contain many toxic substances, like dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), cadmium, chromium, ...
Wei, Wei; Klaebe, Robert; Ling, Hong-Fei; Huang, Fang; Frei, Robert (2020). "Biogeochemical cycle of chromium isotopes at the ... Soluble hexavalent chromium is the most common type of chromium in oceans, where over 70% of dissolved chromium in the ocean is ... Chromium commonly exists in soil and rocks as highly insoluble trivalent chromium, such as chromite (Fe(II)Cr(III) 2O 4, or FeO ... Hexavalent chromium is reduced to trivalent chromium in oxygen minimum zones or at the surface of the ocean by divalent iron ...
Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 65, p9-16 Pitre,J. , Bédard, M. , Hineman, A. 2011. Quick and Easy Dissolution of Chromite Ores ... Ferrochromes, and Chromium Slags for ICP-OES without using HF or HClO4. Spectrocopy Online, May 1, 2014. Volume 29, Issue 5. ( ... Determination of platinum, palladium, ruthenium and iridium in geological samples by isotope dilution inductively coupled ...
Other sources of anthropogenic Os include combustion of fossil fuels, smelting chromium ore, and smelting of some sulfide ores ... Os isotope ratios may also be used as a signal of anthropogenic impact. The same 187Os/188Os ratios that are common in ... Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC ... The other natural isotopes, 184Os, and 186Os, have extremely long half-life (1.12×1013 years and 2×1015 years, respectively) ...
Natural calcium is a mixture of five stable isotopes (40Ca, 42Ca, 43Ca, 44Ca, and 46Ca) and one isotope with a half-life so ... It is also used as a reducing agent in the production of chromium, zirconium, thorium, and uranium. It can also be used to ... Calcium isotope fractionation during mineral formation has led to several applications of calcium isotopes. In particular, the ... Mass-dependent differences in calcium isotope composition are conventionally expressed by the ratio of two isotopes (usually ...
Manganese isotopic contents are typically combined with chromium isotopic contents and have found application in isotope ... The isotopes of manganese range in atomic weight from 46 u (46Mn) to 72 u (72Mn). The primary decay mode before the most ... Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC ... All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 3 hours and the majority of these have half-lives ...
... various isotopes). Promethium-145 is the most stable promethium isotope, but the only isotope with practical applications is ... chromium, and platinum). In 1934, Josef Mattauch finally formulated the isobar rule. One of the indirect consequences of this ... The production methods for different isotopes vary, and only those for promethium-147 are given because it is the only isotope ... The primary decay products are neodymium and samarium isotopes (promethium-146 decays to both, the lighter isotopes generally ...
... chromium) isotopes. mV - Excited nuclear isomer. ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the ... Naturally occurring vanadium (23V) is composed of one stable isotope 51V and one radioactive isotope 50V with a half-life of ... with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited ... Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC ...
... chromium) isotopes. The chemistry of vanadium is noteworthy for the accessibility of the four adjacent oxidation states 2-5. In ... At least four isotopes have metastable excited states. Electron capture is the main decay mode for isotopes lighter than 51V. ... Naturally occurring vanadium is composed of one stable isotope, 51V, and one radioactive isotope, 50V. The latter has a half- ... The most stable of these isotopes are 49V with a half-life of 330 days, and 48V with a half-life of 16.0 days. The remaining ...
Chromium and Titanium Isotopes, and Mid-IR Spectroscopy". Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 203: 381-403. Bibcode:2017GeCoA.203..381G. ... Chromium and Titanium Isotopes, and Mid-IR Spectroscopy". Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 203: 381-403. Bibcode:2017GeCoA.203..381G. ...
The oxygen and chromium isotope results from Bunburra Rockhole are quite different to the bulk of the HED meteorite clan. ... The differences in oxygen and chromium isotopes and variable trace element compositions relative to the bulk HED measurements ... Oxygen Isotope analyses have contributed to the classification of meteorites and identification of potential origins. Typically ... Wiechert, U. H.; Halliday, A. N.; Palme, H.; Rumble, D. (2004-04-30). "Oxygen isotope evidence for rapid mixing of the HED ...
... isotopic contents are typically combined with chromium isotopic contents and have found application in isotope ... Chromium, Chromium, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Chromium. National Academy Press. pp. ... The primary decay mode in isotopes lighter than the most abundant stable isotope, 55Mn, is electron capture and the primary ... All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives of less than three hours, and the majority of less than one minute. ...
Dysprosium is the most magnetic fermionic element, and terbium and the bosonic isotopes of Dy are the most magnetic bosonic ... Together with prior work on BECs of chromium, Lev's work opened new research directions using highly magnetic dipolar quantum ...
... chromium(II) chloride, chromium(III) oxide, chromium(IV) chloride, potassium tetraperoxochromate(V), and chromium(VI) ... Seaborgium is a radioactive synthetic element that is not found in nature; the most stable known isotope has a half-life of ... Most naturally occurring chromium is in the hexavalent state. About two-fifths of the worlds chromium are produced in South ... Its members are chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and seaborgium (Sg). These are all transition metals and chromium ...
... that the impact hypothesis is further supported by chromium isotope evidence for the presence of extraterrestrial material. The ... Extraterrestrial Chromium at the Graphite Peak P/Tr boundary and in the Bedout Impact Melt Breccia. Lunar and Planetary Science ...
As the neutron energy increases, the neutron cross section of most isotopes decreases. The boron isotope 10B is responsible for ... The tubes can be made of stainless steel or other "neutron window" materials such as zirconium, chromium, silicon carbide, or ... over metastable conditions like for isotope 235mU, which has a half-life of about 26 min. Other means of controlling reactivity ... chromium, and niobium for corrosion resistance, and with molybdenum for wear resistance, hardness, and machineability. Such ...