June 1987). "Injection of type A botulinum toxin into extraocular muscles for correction of strabismus". Can. J. Ophthalmol. 22 ... Botulinum toxin is the most acutely lethal toxin that is known. It is produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum. It acts ... is considered to be the first ever use of botulinum toxin for therapeutic purposes. Today, the injection of botulinum toxin ... Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus is a medical technique used sometimes in the management of strabismus, in which botulinum ...

... type-A is also sold as Lantox and Prosigne on the global market. Neuronox, a botulinum toxin type-A product, ... Botulinum toxin type-A is used to treat cervical dystonia, but it can become ineffective after a time. Botulinum toxin type B ... Botulinum toxins are AB toxins and closely related to Anthrax toxin, Diphtheria toxin, and in particular tetanus toxin. The two ... The seven main types of botulinum toxin are named types A to G (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G). New types are occasionally found ...

"Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (11): CD004900. doi:10.1002/ ... Botulinum toxin injections have been used to induce localized, partial paralysis. Among most sufferers, botulinum toxin ... For some, botulinum toxin diminishes in its effectiveness after many years of use. An observed side effect in a minority of ... Although there is no cure, botulinum toxin injections may help temporarily. A surgical procedure known as myectomy may also be ...

The only botulinum toxin type B accessible in the United States is Myobloc. Treatment using botulinum toxin type B is ... Some patients experience or develop immunoresistance to botulinum toxin type A and must use botulinum toxin type B. ... Botulinum toxin type A is most often used; it prevents the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic axon of the motor end ... The most common treatment for spasmodic torticollis is the use of botulinum toxin type A. Initial symptoms of spasmodic ...

Spastic CP is the most common type of overall cerebral palsy, representing about 80% of cases. Botulinum toxin is effective in ... Nolan KW, Cole LL, Liptak GS (April 2006). "Use of botulinum toxin type A in children with cerebral palsy". Physical Therapy. ... Blumetti FC, Belloti JC, Tamaoki MJ, Pinto JA (October 2019). "Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity ... however, the main benefit derived from botulinum toxin A comes from its ability to reduce muscle tone and spasticity and thus ...

Findings suggest the possibility that Botulinum toxin type B may be of potential benefit in the treatment of pain attributed to ... Lang AM (March 2004). "Botulinum toxin type B in piriformis syndrome". American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. ... Several variations occur, one of which is the rarely found Beaton's type-b where the sciatic nerve divides between and below ...

"Botulinum toxin type B in piriformis syndrome". Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 83 (3): 198-202. doi:10.1097/01.PHM.0000113404.35647.D8 ... Jabbari, Bahman (2022), "Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Piriformis Syndrome", Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Pain Disorders, Cham: ... Steroid or botulinum toxin injections may be used in those who do not improve. Surgery is not typically recommended. The ... Alone, botulinum toxin was more effective than the placebo, but less effective than local anesthetics and corticosteroids ...

"Botulinum toxin type A therapy for hemifacial spasm". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (11): CD004899. doi: ... Tan E-K; Fook-Chong S; Lum S-Y; Lim E (16 January 2004). "Botulinum toxin improves quality of life in hemifacial spasm: ... In the majority of cases, and especially in the elderly and the unfit, botulinum toxin injection is the treatment of first ... Very mild cases or those who are reluctant to have surgery or botulinum toxin injections can be offered medical treatment, ...

Teixeira, Jeffrey (2021). "Botulinum Toxin Type-A for Lip Augmentation: "Lip Flip"". Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. Levitt, ... Botulinum neurotoxin type A,is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum that temporarily reduces ... Lip flip is a cosmetic procedure that modifies the shape of the lips using botulinum neurotoxin type A and occasionally adding ...

Binder WJ, Brin MF, Blitzer A, Schoenrock LD, Pogoda JM (December 2000). "Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) for treatment of ... Binder, William J.; Brin, Mitchell F.; Blitzer, Andrew; Pogoda, Janice M. (2002-05-01). "Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) for ... Jackson JL, Kuriyama A, Hayashino Y (April 2012). "Botulinum toxin A for prophylactic treatment of migraine and tension ... Ramachandran R, Yaksh TL (September 2014). "Therapeutic use of botulinum toxin in migraine: mechanisms of action". British ...

Botulinum toxin type B in piriformis syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Mar;83(3):198-202. doi: 10.1097/01.phm. ... pain response outcomes following CT-guided injection and incremental value of botulinum toxin injection. Diagn Interv Radiol. ... Poor visibility of entrapping tissue types: MR visualizes soft tissue according to water content. Tissue types with low water ... Khedr EM, Fawi G, Allah Abbas MA, El-Fetoh NA, Zaki AF, Gamea A. Prevalence of Common Types of Compression Neuropathies in Qena ...

Injections of botulinum toxin into the bladder is another option. Urinary catheters or surgery are generally not recommended. A ... Medications, typically of the anti-muscarinic type, are only recommended if other measures are not effective. They are no more ... Botulinum Toxin A injections into the bladder wall can suppress involuntary bladder contractions by blocking nerve signals and ... ISBN 978-3-642-03579-1. Sacco E, Paolillo M, Totaro A, Pinto F, Volpe A, Gardi M, Bassi PF (2008). "Botulinum toxin in the ...

At that time, the preparation was the only botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) without complexing foreign proteins and thus reduced ... Merz Aesthetics GmbH develops and sells products in the field of aesthetic medicine, e.g. a botulinum toxin, dermal fillers or ... In 2005, Merz brought a new generation of botulinum toxins into the market. ...

Botulinum toxin ("Botox") type A may reduce spasticity a few months at a time and has frequently been considered a beneficial ... Botulinum toxin type A injections have also shown advantages for upper extremities. There is still some doubt about its use to ... Farag SM, Mohammed MO, El-Sobky TA, ElKadery NA, ElZohiery AK (March 2020). "Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Treatment of Upper ... This type of surgery is usually performed on the legs, but can be performed on the arms as well. Surgeries also may be ...

"Treatment of vocal fold granuloma using botulinum toxin type A". The Laryngoscope. 105 (6): 585-588. doi:10.1288/00005537- ... Botulinum toxin and Zinc sulfate Botulinum toxin (BOTOX) and Zinc sulfate treatments are mainly applied to cases of refractory ... Fink, Daniel S.; Achkar, Jihad; Franco, Ramon A.; Song, Phillip C. (2013-09-20). "Interarytenoid botulinum toxin injection for ... Orloff, Lisa A.; Goldman, Stephen N. (September 1999). "Vocal Fold Granuloma: Successful Treatment with Botulinum Toxin". ...

"Botulinum Toxin Type A Product Approval Information- Licensing Action 4/12/02". fda.gov. US Food and Drug Administration. ...

Botulinum toxin A is used to treat involuntary muscle contraction and spasms. Botulinum toxin type-A is only temporary and ... Feb 2004). "Use of botulinum toxin-A for musculoskeletal pain in patients with whiplash associated disorders [ISRCTN68653575 ... Below are definitions of different types of head restraints. Head restraint - refers to a device designed to limit the rearward ... As a result, different types of head restraints have been developed by various manufactures to protect their occupants from ...

Botulinum neurotoxin-like (BoNT-like) toxins were detected in the genome of Chryseobacterium piperi str. CTM and they present a ... Chryseobacterium form typical yellow-orange color colonies due to flexirubin-type pigment. The genus contains more than 100 ... One of the predicted C. piperi BoNT-like toxins induced necrotic cell death in human kidney cells, but was not found to cleave ... Mansfield MJ, Doxey AC (June 2018). "Genomic insights into the evolution and ecology of botulinum neurotoxins". Pathogens and ...

Lee M, Monson MA, Liu MT, Reed D, Guyuron B (April 2013). "Positive botulinum toxin type a response is a prognosticator for ... single-surgeon experience using botulinum toxin and surgical decompression". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 128 (1): 123- ...

Most recently intradermal injections of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) have been tried with some success. Even though botulinum ... Successful Treatment of Notalgia Paresthetica With Botulinum Toxin Type A". Archives of Dermatology. Archderm.ama-assn.org. 143 ... Paravertebral nerve block and botulinum toxin injections may also be helpful. Some patients treated with low concentration ... and it has been theorised that botulinum type A effects lasting change in pain signaling. Unfortunately, repeated injections ...

Use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) improved leonine facies of patients. BTX-A inhibits release of acetylcholine acting at ... 2010). "Treatment of pachydermoperiostosis pachydermia with botulinum toxin type A.". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 63 (6): 1036-1041 ... This method is a type of cosmetic surgery procedure used to give a more youthful appearance. It involves the removal of excess ... For the follow-up of PDP disease activity, bone formation markers such as TAP, BAP, BGP, carbodyterminal propeptide of type I ...

Samotus, Olivia; Lee, Jack; Jog, Mandar (2018-03-20). "Personalized botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia based ... The surgery is for those who do not respond to physical therapy or botulinum toxin injection or have a very fibrotic ... Other treatments include: Rest and analgesics for acute cases Diazepam or other muscle relaxants Botulinum toxin Encouraging ... Safarpour, Yasaman; Jabbari, Bahman (2018-02-24). "Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Movement Disorders". Current Treatment Options ...

Botulinum toxin (Botox) is often used to improve some symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia through weakening or paralyzing the vocal ... A fourth type called whispering dysphonia has also been proposed. Adductor spasmodic dysphonia is the most common type. ... van Esch BF, Wegner I, Stegeman I, Grolman W (2017). "Effect of Botulinum Toxin and Surgery among Spasmodic Dysphonia Patients ... Watts, C. C. W.; Whurr, R.; Nye, C. (2004). "Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia". The Cochrane ...

A 2020 overview of systematic reviews found that botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) showed a significant pain and sleep bruxism ... Persaud R, Garas G, Silva S, Stamatoglou C, Chatrath P, Patel K (February 2013). "An evidence-based review of botulinum toxin ( ... Botulinum toxin causes muscle paralysis/atrophy by inhibition of acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions. BoNT ... Abfraction is another type of tooth wear that is postulated to occur with bruxism, although some still argue whether this type ...

Samotus O, Kumar N, Rizek P, Jog M (January 2018). "Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections as Monotherapy for Upper Limb Essential ... Zakin E, Simpson D (November 2017). "Botulinum Toxin in Management of Limb Tremor". Toxins. 9 (11): 365. doi:10.3390/ ... "Long-term tremor therapy for Parkinson and essential tremor with sensor-guided botulinum toxin type A injections". PLOS ONE. 12 ... Clostridium botulinum toxin (Botox) injections and ultrasound are also sometimes used for cases refractory to medications. In ...

In 1994, the group launched Dysport (type A botulinum toxin for the treatment of muscle spasms) after acquiring the British ... the company established a partnership with Galderma for botulinum toxin type A products in aesthetic medicine. In addition, ... In 2004, the company inaugurated a new botulinum toxin production unit in Wrexham (UK). In 2007, ... Botulinum toxin) is a prescription medicine used for pathologies characterized by involuntary and uncomfortable muscle ...

Ito H, Ito H, Nakano S, Kusaka H (2007). "Low-dose subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type A for facial synkinesis and ... Botox (botulinum toxin) is a new and versatile tool for the treatment of synkinesis. Initially used for reducing hyperkinesis ... de Maio M, Bento RF (2007). "Botulinum toxin in facial palsy: an effective treatment for contralateral hyperkinesis". Plast ... with injection of botulinum toxin into the lacrimal gland". Eye. 16 (6): 705-09. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6700230. PMID 12439663. ...

... botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431-8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID ... Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum ... Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of ... Botulinum toxin Injectable filler Danby, FW (Jul-Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. ...

Treating a case of unsatisfactory alignment often involves prisms, botulinum toxin injections, or more surgery. The likelihood ... The type of surgery for a given patient depends on the type of strabismus they are experiencing. Exodeviations are when the ... it can instead end up making existing symptoms worse or create a new type of double vision. The type of double vision can be ... Treatment of the double vision depends on both the type of double vision and the ability of two eyes to work together, also ...

October 1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 ... There is a Type A and a Type B toxin approved for treatment of dystonia; often, those that develop resistance to Type A may be ... Baclofen can also be taken in tablet form Botulinum toxin injections into affected muscles have proved quite successful in ... There are multiple types of dystonia, and many diseases and conditions may cause dystonia. Dystonia is classified by: Clinical ...