Asepsis
This includes medical and laboratory techniques (such as with bacterial cultures). There are two types of asepsis - medical and ... "Medical Asepsis (Clean Technique)" (PDF). Indiana Department of Health. "Microbiology Techniques & Troubleshooting". Science ... The exact modes of infection depend on the types of surgery, but the most common bacteria that are responsible for SSIs are ... While all members of the surgical team should demonstrate good aseptic technique, it is the role of the scrub nurse or surgical ...
Genotoxicity
The technique uses many different bacterial strains in order to compare the different changes in the genetic material. The ... One technique entails cytogenetic assays using different mammalian cells. The types of aberrations detected in cells affected ... The benefits of this technique are that it is a fast and simple method and convenient for numerous substances. These techniques ... This technique is advantageous in that it detects low levels of DNA damage, requires only a very small number of cells, is ...
Halobacterium noricense
Sequence Typing is a technique that uses genomic information to establish evolutionary relationships between bacterial taxa. ... "Halobacterium noricense" at the Encyclopedia of Life LPSN Type strain of Halobacterium noricense at BacDive - the Bacterial ... "ATCC medium: 2185 Halobacterium NRC-1 medium". American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Lim SK, Kim JY, Song HS, Kwon MS, Lee J ... When the samples were compared to the fosmid library, some were over 88% similar to other known halophilic bacterial species. ...
Endospore
Most types of bacteria cannot change to the endospore form. Examples of bacterial species that can form endospores include ... Another staining technique for endospores is the Schaeffer-Fulton stain, which stains endospores green and bacterial bodies red ... While the rest of a bacterial cell may stain, the endospore is left colourless. To combat this, a special stain technique ... The main types within the cell are terminal, subterminal, and centrally placed endospores. Terminal endospores are seen at the ...
Microbial art
The type of medium in the agar plates is also important. Chromagar Candida is a differential medium that is used to identify ... Protist species used include Euglena gracilis (photosynthetic, green) and Physarum polycephalum (yellow-green). A technique ... called "bacteriography" involves selectively killing certain areas of a bacterial culture with radiation, in order to produce ...
Edward Bach
Their use is based on the variable bowel bacterial flora associated with persons of different homeopathic constitutional types ... In 1930, at the age of 43, he decided to search for a new healing technique. He spent the spring and summer discovering and ... In this period, he developed seven bacterial nosodes known as the seven Bach nosodes. Their use has been mostly confined to ...
Biomolecular engineering
The basics of this technique involve the preparation of a primer that will be a complementary strand to a wild type bacterial ... When the bacterial plasmid is replicated, the mutated strand will be replicated as well. The same technique can be used to ... Although there are three different types of solid state enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, all three types begin with the ... The technique was developed by Kary Mullis in 1983 while working for the Cetus Corporation. Mullis would go on to win the Nobel ...
Silver nanoparticle
... it has been shown that silver nano particles lower the bacterial count on devices used compared to old techniques. However, the ... Although it varies for every type of cell proposed, as their cell membrane composition varies greatly, It has been seen that in ... This technique is popular due to the ability to add a variety of functionality to the exposed silica surface. A number of ... Bacterial and fungal synthesis of nanoparticles is practical because bacteria and fungi are easy to handle and can be modified ...
Bioclogging
In this situation, the bacterial profile modification technique, which injects bacteria into the high permeable zone to promote ... "Effects of bacterial cells and two types of extracellular polymers on bioclogging of sand columns". Journal of Hydrology. 535: ... It is a type of microbial enhanced oil recovery. Biofilm Hydraulic conductivity Landfill liner Microbial enhanced oil recovery ... In the extraction of petroleum, a technique of enhanced oil recovery is implemented to increase the amount of oil to be ...
Indicator bacteria
Bacterial colonies can be counted after 24 to 48 hours depending on the type of bacteria. Counts are reported as colony forming ... units per 100 mL (cfu/100 mL). One technique for detecting indicator organisms is the use of chromogenic compounds, which are ... None of the types of indicator organisms that are currently in use fit all of these criteria perfectly, however, when cost is ... Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water. They are not ...
Mantoux test
The response is a classical example of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH), a type IV of hypersensitivities. T cells ... A person who has been exposed to the bacteria is expected to mount an immune response in the skin containing the bacterial ... This intradermal injection is termed the Mantoux technique. ...
Community fingerprinting
discuss several examples of types of studies in which RISA can be used. They cite several studies that have used this technique ... In this study, they were looking at a group of closely related bacterial types, all autotrophic β-proteobacterial ammonia ... Biodiversity, Environmental microbiology, Genetics techniques, Molecular biology techniques). ... The brightness of the fluorescently labeled primers correlates to how prevalent that bacterial type is in the community. The ...
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
In other words, PFGE is an advanced technique that enables scientists to gain a deeper understanding of bacterial genomes, even ... There are various types of PFGE methods, such as FIGE, TAFE, CHEF, OFAG, PHOGE and PACE, that are used for isolating and typing ... This method is particularly useful for the typing of bacterial isolates from clinical specimens, such as blood, urine, and ... So that Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) is a powerful technique used for analyzing bacterial genomes when traditional ...
Phage typing
This technique prevents a phenomenon known as "lysis from without", which is bacterial lysis induced by high multiplicity phage ... The bacterial strain is assigned a type based on its lysis pattern. Phage typing was used to trace the source of infectious ... Phages used for phage typing are generally isolated from the native habitats of the host bacterial strain. These may include ... CRAIGIE, JAMES; YEN, CHUN HUI (1938). "The Demonstration of Types of B. Typhosus by Means of Preparations of Type II Vi Phage: ...
Biogenic substance
2003) observed inhibiting bacterial growth with up to 83% of the efficacy of TBT oxide. Current research also aims to produce ... Different system types can be used to yield different biogenic products. In the field of paleochemotaxonomy the presence of ... By pairing these techniques with biochemical engineering design, algae and their biogenic substances can be produced on a large ... TISTR 8208 in a Seaweed-Type Bioreactor". In Finkelstein M, Davison BH (eds.). Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. pp. 249- ...
Bacterial display
... (or bacteria display or bacterial surface display) is a protein engineering technique used for in vitro ... Vaccine delivery is a very common application of bacterial surface display. There are two types of live bacterial vaccines that ... Bacterial display combined with FACS also has the advantage that it is a real-time technique. Cell display systems were first ... Bacterial display systems were first introduced by Freudl et al. and Charbit et al. in 1986, when they used bacterial surface ...
Clostridioides difficile infection
... the differing terminology reflects the predominant techniques used for epidemiological typing. This strain is referred to as C ... As a result of suppression of healthy bacteria, via a loss of bacterial food source, prolonged use of an elemental diet ... Taking non-toxic types of C. difficile after an infection has promising results with respect to preventing future infections. ... C. difficile is one such type of bacterium. In addition to proliferating in the bowel, C. difficile also produces toxins. ...
Janet Gilsdorf
This new technique, identifying bexB in clinical isolates, is now used by the Centers for Disease Control to type H. influenzae ... Gilsdorf, J. R. (1 November 1977). "Bacterial meningitis in southwestern Alaska". American Journal of Epidemiology. 106 (5): ... This observation led to clinical trials of H. influenzae type b vaccines in native Alaskan children, who exhibited a rate of ... Granoff, D. M.; Gilsdorf, J.; Gessert, C. E.; Lowe, L. (January 1980). "Haemophilus influenzae type b in a day care center: ...
Philippe Horvath
... where he worked to develop molecular biology techniques for bacterial strain screening, microbial identification, and typing of ... Horvath explored sections in the bacterial genome with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, both for ... Early work was stimulated by with the aim of improving the durability of bacterial starter cultures to improve the manufacture ... their utility in differentiating between strains, and because of their role in the bacterial immune system. As this prokaryotic ...
Xenorhabdus ehlersii
ISBN 978-1-84593-479-8. {{cite book}}: ,first1= has generic name (help) Type strain of Xenorhabdus ehlersii at BacDive - the ... phylogeny and bacterial symbionts. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-474-2239-6. {{cite book}}: ,last2= has generic name (help) ... Insect pathogens molecular approaches and techniques. Wallingford, UK: CABI. ... Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e (CS1 errors: generic name, Articles with short description, Short description is ...
List of MeSH codes (E05)
... bacterial typing techniques MeSH E05.200.875.150.125.150 - bacteriophage typing MeSH E05.200.875.150.125.765 - ribotyping MeSH ... embryo culture techniques MeSH E05.200.249.484 - organ culture techniques MeSH E05.200.249.617 - tissue culture techniques MeSH ... mycological typing techniques MeSH E05.200.875.837 - serial passage MeSH E05.200.875.950 - viral load MeSH E05.200.875.970 - ... cell culture techniques MeSH E05.200.249.374 - coculture techniques MeSH E05.200.249.437 - diffusion chambers, culture MeSH ...
Porter W. Anderson Jr.
... a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and epiglottitis. The techniques he and his colleague Ronald Eby invented were later ... microbiologist best known for developing a vaccine that protects children from infections by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib ... The conjugate vaccine technique Anderson and his colleagues developed led to a Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) vaccine ... "A lucky career in bacterial vaccines." (2012) Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, vol 8, issue 4, pp. 420-422 Clark, Thornton ...
Protoplast
Among other things, this technique is used to isolate specific cell types (e.g., guard cells from leaves, pericycle cells from ... In the case of Gram-negative bacterial spheroplasts, for example, the peptidoglycan component of the cell wall has been removed ... This technique may be used to generate somatic hybrids in tissue culture.[citation needed] Additionally, protoplasts of plants ... Protoplasts can be generated by stripping the cell wall from plant, bacterial, or fungal cells by mechanical, chemical or ...
Asymmetric bacterium
This type of asymmetry is usually seen in Bacilli and Clostridia. Reproductive asymmetry is classically linked to bacterial ... this idea has been overturned by novel technology and observation techniques. However, asymmetric bacteria remain difficult to ... In this type of asymmetrical growth, the daughter cell receives most of the new cell wall material. Bacillus subtilis ... Following the "old pole" of the cell wall material allows an observer to create a bacterial lineage. Bacteria exhibit three ...
Human Microbiome Project
However, the microbiome eventually returns to a state of equilibrium, even though the composition of bacterial types has ... By mapping the normal microbial make-up of healthy humans using genome sequencing techniques, the researchers of the HMP have ... Other studies using the HMP data and techniques include role of microbiome in various diseases in the digestive tract, skin, ... It is estimated that bacterial protein-coding genes are 360 times more abundant than human genes.[citation needed] Microbial ...
Multilocus sequence typing
... (MLST) is a technique in molecular biology for the typing of multiple loci, using DNA sequences of ... Earlier serological typing approaches had been established for differentiating bacterial isolates, but immunological typing has ... Spratt, Brian G (1999). "Multilocus sequence typing: molecular typing of bacterial pathogens in an era of rapid DNA sequencing ... Until recently, with the application of MLST technique, Campylobacter typing has achieved a great success and added onto the ...
Stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency
... such as the application of a bacterial toxin, submersion in a weak acid, or physical trauma. The technique gained prominence in ... She repeated the experiment with other cell types including brain, skin, and muscle cells with the same result. Initially ... After modifying the technique, Obokata was able to show that white blood cells from newborn mice could be transformed into ... The technique for producing STAP cells was subsequently studied by Obokata at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), while she ...
Agar dilution
This technique allows for replicate spots of one bacterial type to be tested or spots of different bacteria so that the MIC of ... Necessary controls include a control plate that does not receive any antibiotics and bacterial spread plates demonstrating that ... The lowest concentration of antibiotics that prevented bacterial growth is considered to be the minimum inhibitory ... the plates are examined to determine if bacterial growth has occurred in the inoculated spots. ...
Maple syrup
In 2009, researchers at the University of Vermont unveiled a new type of tap that prevents backflow of sap into the tree, ... Improvements in tubing and vacuum pumps, new filtering techniques, "supercharged" preheaters, and better storage containers ... reducing bacterial contamination and preventing the tree from attempting to heal the bore hole. Experiments show that it may be ... but these techniques were not widely used. Heating methods also diversified: modern producers use wood, oil, natural gas, ...
Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
Proper sampling technique is essential to avoid potential pre-analytical errors. For example, different types of samples must ... to preserve the virus and prevent bacterial or fungal growth. Sometimes multiple sites may also be sampled.[citation needed] ... The type of sample sent to the laboratory often depends on the type of viral infection being diagnosed and the test required. ... However, electron microscopy is highly versatile due to its ability to analyze any type of sample and identify any type of ...
Salami
... typical products are Moscow-type and Russian-type salamis made from pork and beef meat. A particular feature of Moscow-type ... Minor differences in the formulation of the meat or production techniques give rise to the various kinds of salami across ... lactic acid bacterial starter culture.[citation needed] This mixture is then inserted into casings of the desired size. To ... Similar types of sausages are found in the Middle East, where various meats such as beef, lamb, and mutton are used; or in ...
Pneumonia
With treatment, most types of bacterial pneumonia will stabilize in 3-6 days. It often takes a few weeks before most symptoms ... among other techniques. Mycoplasma, Legionella, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia can also be detected using PCR techniques on ... Viruses also make the body more susceptible to bacterial infections; in this way, bacterial pneumonia can occur at the same ... as there is no definitive test able to distinguish between bacterial and non-bacterial cause. The overall impression of a ...