The same particles which are linked to serious health effects [sulfates, nitrates, organic carbon, soot (elemental carbon), and ... A: Combustion of fuels can cause the release of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate ... Engines with catalytic converters (e.g., passenger cars) emit much less HC, CO, NOx, and toxics than similar engines without ... The specific effects and their severity depends on several factors, including soil and surface water chemistry, the amount of ...