This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds as acid-D-amino-acid ligases ( ... "Synthases and Ligases". IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN), and Nomenclature Commission of IUB (NC- ... Li H, Xu H, Graham DE, White RH (Aug 2003). "Glutathione synthetase homologs encode alpha-L-glutamate ligases for methanogenic ... Galperin MY, Koonin EV (1997). "A diverse superfamily of enzymes with ATP-dependent carboxylate-amine/thiol ligase activity". ...

DNA ligase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LIG1 gene. DNA ligase I is the only known eukaryotic DNA ligase ... Eukaryotic DNA ligase 1 catalyzes a reaction that is chemically universal to all ligases. DNA ligase 1 utilizes adenosine ... Ligase I is involved in the LP-BER pathway, whereas ligase III is involved in the major SN-BER pathway(2). LP-BER proceeds in 4 ... Defects in DNA ligase 1 can thus lead to different forms of autosomal recessive, partial DNA ligase 1 deficiency leading to an ...

Other NAD-dependent enzymes include bacterial DNA ligases, which join two DNA ends by using NAD+ as a substrate to donate an ... This contrasts with eukaryotic DNA ligases, which use ATP to form the DNA-AMP intermediate. Li et al. have found that NAD+ ... Schär P, Herrmann G, Daly G, Lindahl T (1997). "A newly identified DNA ligase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae involved in RAD52- ... Wilkinson A, Day J, Bowater R (2001). "Bacterial DNA ligases". Mol. Microbiol. 40 (6): 1241-8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001. ...

The E6 proteins of HPV will bind to the N-terminus of the cellular E6-AP E3 ubiquitin ligase, redirecting the complex to bind ... Ligation: E3 ubiquitin ligases catalyse the final step of the ubiquitination cascade. Most commonly, they create an isopeptide ... They are highly specific, as are the E3 ligases that attach the ubiquitin, with only a few substrates per enzyme. They can ... The VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau) gene encodes a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase. VHL complex targets a member of the hypoxia- ...

Ardley HC, Tan NG, Rose SA, Markham AF, Robinson PA (June 2001). "Features of the parkin/ariadne-like ubiquitin ligase, HHARI, ... Deshaies RJ, Joazeiro CA (2009). "RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligases". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 78: 399-434. doi:10.1146/ ... and ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s). E2s play a key role in the whole ubiquitin (Ub) transfer pathway and are responsible for ... protein ligase and promotes the degradation of the synaptic vesicle-associated protein, CDCrel-1". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A ...

The DNA ligase first reacts with ATP or NAD+, forming a ligase-AMP intermediate with the AMP linked to the ε-amino group of ... The smallest known eukaryotic ligase is Chlorella virus DNA ligase (ChVLig). It contains only 298 amino acids. When ChVLig is ... However, procedures for ligation without the use of standard DNA ligase are also popular. Human DNA ligases abnormalities have ... Abnormalities in regulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases family are being studied and, like some other ligases, they are associated ...

6, 9-20 Deshaies, R.J. and Joazeiro, C.A.P. (2009). RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 78, 399-434 Verma, R ... SCF and cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases: As a postdoctoral fellow working with Dr. Marc Kirschner at the University of California ... Cell 91, 221-230 Petroski, M.D. and Deshaies, R. J. (2005). Function and regulation of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases. Nat. Rev ... Cdc53/cullin and the essential Hrt1 RING-H2 subunit of SCF define a ubiquitin ligase module that activates the E2 enzyme Cdc34 ...

Enchev RI, Schulman BA, Peter M (January 2015). "Protein neddylation: beyond cullin-RING ligases". Nature Reviews. Molecular ... performed by ubiquitin ligases (E3). The result of this process is the formation of a covalent bond between the C-terminus of ...

The new RNA ligase deoxyribozyme contained just twelve point mutations, two of which had no effect on activity, and had a ... Although each repeating unit in a RNA strand owns a free hydroxyl group, the DNA ligase takes just one of them as a branching ... In another recent study, an RNA ligase ribozyme was converted into a deoxyribozyme through in vitro evolution of the inactive ... Of particular interest are DNA ligases. These molecules have demonstrated remarkable chemoselectivity in RNA branching ...

The metabolic pathway for this begins with the conversion of benzoate by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, ... "butyrate-CoA ligase". BRENDA. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Retrieved 7 May 2014. Substrate/Product "glycine N- ...

Benzoic acid is metabolized by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, benzoyl-CoA, which is then metabolized by ... "butyrate-CoA ligase". BRENDA. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Retrieved 7 May 2014. Substrate/Product "glycine N- ...

CYP2D6, dopamine β-hydroxylase, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, butyrate-CoA ligase, and glycine N-acyltransferase are the ... "Substrate/Product". butyrate-CoA ligase. Archived from the original on 22 June 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017. {{cite ...

"Substrate/Product". butyrate-CoA ligase. Retrieved 7 May 2014. {{cite encyclopedia}}: ,work= ignored (help) "Substrate/Product ... Benzoic acid is metabolized by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, benzoyl-CoA, which is then metabolized by ...

2. DNA ligase During normal DNA replication, DNA ligase catalyzes end-to-end joining (ligation) of short fragments of DNA, ... DNA ligase can ligate complementary sticky and blunt ends, but blunt-end ligation is inefficient and requires a higher ... For the purposes of DNA cloning, purified DNA ligase is used to covalently join the ends of a restriction fragment and vector ... "Structure and Function of Mammalian DNA Ligases." Mutation Research/DNA Repair 407.1 (1998): 1-9. Print. Hung, Mien-Chie, and ...

Popow J, Schleiffer A, Martinez J (August 2012). "Diversity and roles of (t)RNA ligases". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences ...

Different combinations of Cullin and FBPs can generate on the order of a hundred types of E3 ubiquitin ligases that target ... Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex (or SCF complex) is a multi-protein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes the ... Next, biochemical studies revealed that Cdc34 is an E2 enzyme that physically interacts with an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex ... Sun, L. Jia and Y. (2011-02-28). "SCF E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Anticancer Targets". Current Cancer Drug Targets. 11 (3): 347-356 ...

Nakayama KI, Nakayama K (May 2006). "Ubiquitin ligases: cell-cycle control and cancer". Nat. Rev. Cancer. 6 (5): 369-81. doi: ... the ubiquitin ligase that regulates proteolysis of p27 in G1 phase". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (18): 17694-700. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...

LigDs are a subfamily of DNA ligases. In bacteria many, but not all LigDs have additional nuclease domains branched from the ... universally present central ligase domain. If present - as in this case - the nuclease domain is an N-terminus extension.) The ...

Enzymes called DNA ligases can rejoin cut or broken DNA strands. Ligases are particularly important in lagging strand DNA ... Topoisomerases are enzymes with both nuclease and ligase activity. These proteins change the amount of supercoiling in DNA. ... Doherty AJ, Suh SW (November 2000). "Structural and mechanistic conservation in DNA ligases". Nucleic Acids Research. 28 (21): ...

DNA ligase III-alpha mRNA encodes nuclear and mitochondrial versions of DNA ligase III-alpha. Nuclear DNA ligase III-alpha ... DNA ligase 3 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the LIG3 gene. The human LIG3 gene encodes ATP-dependent DNA ligases ... Compared with DNA ligases I and IV, DNA ligase III is the most active enzyme in the intermolecular joining of DNA duplexes. ... DNA ligase III-alpha has, however, been indirectly implicated in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer, DNA ligase ...

E3 ubiquitin ligases MEX and MIB2 (EC). Dystrophin and its homologues Single copies of the ZZ zinc finger occur in the ... Nishito Y, Hasegawa M, Inohara N, Núñez G (June 2006). "MEX is a testis-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes death ... ZZ-type zinc finger domains have also been identified in the testis-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase MEX that promotes death ...

In eubacteria these ligases are powered by NAD+ rather than ATP. Each nick site requires 1 ATP or 1 NAD+ to power the ligase ... Ligases have a metal binding site which is capable of recognizing nicks in DNA. The ligase forms a DNA-adenylate complex, ... One particular example of a ligase catalyzing nick closure is the E. coli NAD+ dependent DNA ligase, LigA. LigA is a relevant ... Ligases are versatile and ubiquitous enzymes that join the 3 hydroxyl and 5 phosphate ends to form a phosphodiester bond, ...

It is structurally similar to Muramyl ligases. Aboulmagd E, Oppermann-Sanio FB, Steinbüchel A (November 2000). "Molecular ... L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n + L-Asp ⇌ {\ ...

The E3 Ubiquitin ligase enzyme is a main component that provides specificity in protein degradation pathways, including immune ... Craig, A.; Ewan, R.; Mesmar, J.; Gudipati, V.; Sadanandom, A. (1 March 2009). "E3 ubiquitin ligases and plant innate immunity ...

It is structurally similar to Muramyl ligases. Aboulmagd E, Oppermann-Sanio FB, Steinbüchel A (November 2000). "Molecular ... L-arginine ligase (ADP-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp + L-Arg ...

... subunit of several ubiquitin ligases. This conjugation, called neddylation, is required for optimal ubiquitin ligase activity. ...

LIG4 syndrome (also known as Ligase IV syndrome) is an extremely rare condition caused by mutations in the DNA Ligase IV (LIG4 ... Severity of symptoms depends on the degree of reduced enzymatic activity of Ligase IV or gene expression. Ligase IV is a ... "LIGASE IV, DNA, ATP-DEPENDENT; LIG4". OMIM. Retrieved 2 January 2012. Altmann T, Gennery AR (October 2016). "DNA ligase IV ... Ben-Omran TI, Cerosaletti K, Concannon P, Weitzman S, Nezarati MM (2005). "A patient with mutations in DNA Ligase IV: clinical ...

CPS III (EC 6.3.5.5.) is a ligase (3.) that forms carbon-nitrogen bonds (6.3.) with glutamine as amido-N-donor (6.3.5.) (see ...

Burger A, Amemiya Y, Kitching R, Seth AK (2006). "Novel RING E3 ubiquitin ligases in breast cancer". Neoplasia. 8 (8): 689-95. ... "The RING-H2 protein RNF11 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a target of Smurf2 E3 ligase". Br. J. Cancer. 89 (8): 1538- ... "The RING-H2 protein RNF11 is differentially expressed in breast tumours and interacts with HECT-type E3 ligases". Biochim. ... of multiple proteins expressed in murine embryos as binding partners for the WW domains of the ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4 ...

... and one of many E3 ubiquitin ligase. The specificity of ubiquitination is provided by the E3 ligases; these ligases physically ... Li X, Zhao Q, Liao R, Sun P, Wu X (August 2003). "The SCF(Skp2) ubiquitin ligase complex interacts with the human replication ... Bornstein G, Bloom J, Sitry-Shevah D, Nakayama K, Pagano M, Hershko A (July 2003). "Role of the SCFSkp2 ubiquitin ligase in the ... Bashir T, Dorrello NV, Amador V, Guardavaccaro D, Pagano M (March 2004). "Control of the SCF(Skp2-Cks1) ubiquitin ligase by the ...