Pemphigoid Gestationis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
High Frequency of Histocompatibility Antigens HLA-DR3 and DR4 in Herpes Gestationis. J Clin Invest. 1981 Aug. 68(2):552-5. [ ... Pemphigoid gestationis has a strong association with HLA-DR3 (61%), HLA-DR4 (52%), or both (43%), and virtually all patients ... which are also associated with HLA-DR3 and DR-4 haplotypes. [2, 13, 14] ... Thus, BP180 may be presented to maternal MHC-II in the presence of paternal MHC-II and recognized as a foreign antigen, leading ...
Lyme Disease: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology
... such as carriage of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 and HLA-DR2. ... This condition is more prevalent among individuals with HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3, or HLA-DR4 allotypes. The arthritis is resistant to ... Patients with HLA-DR4 or HLA-DR2 and antibodies to OspA and OspB (outer surface protein A) proteins in their joint fluid may be ... Borrelia burgdorferi peptidoglycan is a persistent antigen in patients with Lyme arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Jul ...
Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
DILE has been observed with increased frequency in association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‒DR4. ... A second theory is that with decreased T-cell methylation, an overexpression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) ... These theories hold that in SLE, the immune system generates autoantibodies to foreign antigens, and these autoantibodies, in ... and self-antigens has been implicated in SLE. ...
Solitary Thyroid Nodule: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Hashimoto thyroiditis is associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4, HLA-DR5, and HLA-DR3 haplotypes. It may also be ...
Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
10, 11, 12] Patients with familial DCM have an increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4. The frequency of HLA- ... Relationship between HLA-DQA1 polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Chin Med J (Engl). ...
Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules DR3 and DR4 are associated strongly with type 1 diabetes mellitus. More than ... Patients expressing DR4 are usually younger at diagnosis and more likely to have positive insulin antibodies, yet they are ... The expression of both DR3 and DR4 carries the greatest risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus; these patients have characteristics ... Associated autoimmune diseases are common in type 1 diabetes mellitus, particularly in children who have HLA-DR3. Some ...
Felty Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 positivity and DR4 homozygosity - HLA-DR4 homozygosity is also associated with more severe ... The HLA-DR4 genotype, a marker for more aggressive RA and more frequent extra-articular manifestations in Whites, is strongly ... including those against granulocyte surface antigens. T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia and FS share overlapping ...
Autoimmune Hepatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
... they include autoantibodies against liver-specific and non-liver-specific antigens and increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. ... HLA-DR4-positive patients are more likely to develop extrahepatic manifestations of their disease. [12] ... Genetic susceptibility to developing autoimmune hepatitis has been associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes ... Association of autoimmune hepatitis with HLA-Bw54 and DR4 in Japanese patients. Hepatology. 1990 Dec. 12(6):1300-4. [QxMD ...
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) Disease: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology
Several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations have been found in patients with VKH disease, including HLA-DR4, HLA-DR53, ... An association with HLA-DR4, HLA-DRw53, and HLA-DQw3 has been found in subjects of Native American ancestry, and HLA-DR4 also ... Davis and colleagues found an association with HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR53, whereas HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR4 were reported in Hispanic ... Among Japanese patients, HLA-DR4, HLA-DR53, and HLA-DQ4 are associated strongly with the disease. [38] In Chinese patients, HLA ...
Pemphigus Vulgaris Medication: Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies, Anti-inflammatory agents, Immunosuppressive agents
Reohr PB, Mangklabruks A, Janiga AM, DeGroot LJ, Benjasuratwong Y, Soltani K. Pemphigus vulgaris in siblings: HLA-DR4 and HLA- ... Pemphigus in Oxford, UK, and New Delhi, India: a comparative study of disease characteristics and HLA antigens. Dermatology. ... Antigen-specific B-cell depletion for precision therapy of mucosal pemphigus vulgaris. J Clin Invest. 2020 Aug 20. [QxMD ... A newly characterized HLA DQ beta allele associated with pemphigus vulgaris. Science. 1988 Feb 26. 239(4843):1026-9. [QxMD ...
Pemphigus Vulgaris: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Reohr PB, Mangklabruks A, Janiga AM, DeGroot LJ, Benjasuratwong Y, Soltani K. Pemphigus vulgaris in siblings: HLA-DR4 and HLA- ... Pemphigus in Oxford, UK, and New Delhi, India: a comparative study of disease characteristics and HLA antigens. Dermatology. ... Antigen-specific B-cell depletion for precision therapy of mucosal pemphigus vulgaris. J Clin Invest. 2020 Aug 20. [QxMD ... A newly characterized HLA DQ beta allele associated with pemphigus vulgaris. Science. 1988 Feb 26. 239(4843):1026-9. [QxMD ...
Pediatric Celiac Disease (Sprue): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
HLA) class II region (ie, DR3 or DR5/DR7 or HLA DR4). [3] Such haplotypes are expressed on the antigen-presenting cells of the ... is crucial in increasing selection to the positive charges within the binding pocket of HLA-DQ2 or DQ8 molecules on antigen- ... A Clinicians Guide to Celiac Disease HLA Genetics. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Oct. 114 (10):1587-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... B cells receive signals through this HLA interaction, leading to tTG autoantibody production. The role of these autoantibodies ...
Dermatologic Manifestations of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
MCTD is considered an autoimmune disease to which individuals who express specific HLA antigens such as HLA-DR4 or HLA-DQB1 are ... The frequency of HLA-DR4 in patients with MCTD is estimated to be 52%. Its strong HLA association with MCTD was further shown ... HLA-DR4 is more common in patients with MCTD than in patients with other connective-tissue diseases (see Pathophysiology). A ... Association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with susceptibility to mixed connective tissue disease in Polish patients. HLA. 2016 Jan. 87 (1 ...
Acute Rheumatic Fever: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
... but an increase in class-II HLA antigens DR2 and DR4 has been found in black and white patients, respectively. [5] Evidence ... while carriage of the HLA-DRB1*15 allele protects against it. The frequency of the HLA-DRB1*07 allele was significantly higher ... Association of HLA-DRB1 Alleles with Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis. Immunol Invest. 2020 Sep 23 ... The antibody can cross-react with brain and cardiac antigens, and immune complexes are present in the serum. The problem has ...
Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Human leukocyte antigen DR2 (HLA-DR2), human leukocyte antigen DR4 (HLA-DR4 [HLA-DR*0401]), and human leukocyte antigen DQw7 ( ... Multiple antigens in the BMZ of squamous epithelia may serve as targets for a spectrum of autoantibodies observed in OCP. The ... On the molecular level, the initial trigger may be a process by which the OCP antigen undergoes a conformational change that ... This signal results in the generation of B-cell clones that produce antibodies against antigens located at the basement ...
Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis Emergency Department Care: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Because of an association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) groups DR3 and DR4 (which occur more commonly in White populations ...
Fogo Selvagem: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
In one study, 37 (88%) of 42 patients with fogo selvagem had one or both of the HLA DR1 and DR4 genes, whereas these genes were ... The epidemiology, age distribution, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations distinguish fogo selvagem from nonendemic ... The HLA-DR1-Dw20 (DRB1*0102) gene is related to susceptibility to fogo selvagem, whereas absence of the HLA-DQw2 (DQB1*0201) ... A strong association between fogo selvagem and class II HLA antigens exists. ...
Relapsing Polychondritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
The association of relapsing polychondritis with HLA-DR4 also suggests an autoimmune pathogenesis. Individuals with HLA-DR4 ... Antigen-presenting cells present antigen to the NKT cells via the major histocompatibility complex-like molecule CD1d. NKT ... A genotyping study by Terao et al found that HLA-DRB1*16:02, HLA-DQB1*05:02 and HLA-B*67:01, in linkage disequilibrium with ... susceptibility for developing relapsing polychondritis has been found to be increased slightly in carriers of the HLA-DR4 ...
Autoimmune Hepatitis Workup: Approach Considerations, Autoantibody Assays, Serum Proteins and Immunoglobulins
... they include autoantibodies against liver-specific and non-liver-specific antigens and increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. ... Association of autoimmune hepatitis with HLA-Bw54 and DR4 in Japanese patients. Hepatology. 1990 Dec. 12(6):1300-4. [QxMD ... Anti-soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA): This test should be considered if tests for ASMA and AMA are negative. ... Tests for antibodies to liver-kidney microsome type 1 (anti-LKM-1), soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA), and liver cytosol type 1 ...
Hypersensitivity Nephropathy: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
HLA) type. In 2018, Kanno and colleagues reported five cases of TINU in which HLA-DR4 or the allele of DRB1∗04 was present in ... The drug becomes immunogenic through antigen mimicry, haptenization, or neo-antigen formation. Dendritic cells of renal ... This is so-called "allergic" AIN, even though the antigen is not an allergen and could be a hapten or a non-allergic, ... 11] Loss of T-cell tolerance is suggested by several reports identifying a strong link between TINU and human leukocyte antigen ...
Psoriatic Arthritis Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
HLA) alleles, including HLA-B13, HLA-B17, HLA-B27, HLA-B38, HLA-B39, HLA-Cw6, HLA-DR4, and HLA-DR7. HLA-B27 is present in 60% ... A haplotype epidemiologic association with PA involves the expression of both class I and class II human leukocyte antigen ( ...
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
From 90% to 95% of young children with type 1 DM carry HLA-DR3 DQB1*0201, HLA-DR4 DQB1*0302, or both. Carriage of both ... Race-specific type 1 diabetes risk of HLA-DR7 haplotypes. Tissue Antigens. 2011 Nov. 78(5):348-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full ... Approximately 95% of patients with type 1 DM have either HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4. Heterozygotes for those haplotypes are at ... Polymorphisms of the class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes that encode DR and DQ are the major genetic determinants of ...
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
From 90% to 95% of young children with type 1 DM carry HLA-DR3 DQB1*0201, HLA-DR4 DQB1*0302, or both. Carriage of both ... Race-specific type 1 diabetes risk of HLA-DR7 haplotypes. Tissue Antigens. 2011 Nov. 78(5):348-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full ... Approximately 95% of patients with type 1 DM have either HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4. Heterozygotes for those haplotypes are at ... Polymorphisms of the class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes that encode DR and DQ are the major genetic determinants of ...
Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Pregnancy: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
HLA) alleles and HLA-linked epitopes has been reported in studies of patients with lupus erythematous (eg, HLA-DR7, HLA-DR4). ... The association between aPL antibodies and particular human leukocyte antigen ( ... HLA-DR3, and HLA-DR4 null alleles in patients with SLE. As with other autoimmune disorders, women have a higher incidence than ... The HLA-DR3 phenotypes seem to predispose to the formation of aCL antibodies and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), but this has ...