Specific enlargement of the fourth ventricle after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
(57/112)
Disproportionate enlargement or isolation of the fourth ventricle are rare complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Obvious features such as ataxia may indicate raised intracranial pressure in the posterior fossa. The child may, however, present with less specific signs of vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy and these symptoms may be misinterpreted as secondary to dilation of the lateral ventricular system due to malfunction of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Two children with disproportionate enlargement of the fourth ventricle and two children with isolation of the fourth ventricle are described to illustrate the wide variations in clinical presentation. These rare complications can be diagnosed by real time ultrasound examination of the brain or computed tomography of the head. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child who deteriorates after lateral ventriculo-peritoneal shunting for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and dealt with specifically to avoid the risk of upward herniation of the enlarged fourth ventricle. (+info)
Intraventricular haemorrhage complicating a brain abscess.
(58/112)
Intraventricular haemorrhage occurred in a patient with a parietal rim-enhancing mass on computed tomographic scan. At operation a brain abscess was identified and removed. Peptostreptococcus and fusobacterium were isolated, possibly of dental origin. The possible sources of this intracranial bleeding are discussed. A neoplasm should not always be considered in the case of a cerebral ring-enhancing mass complicated with intracranial bleeding; in selected cases, brain abscess should be excluded too. (+info)
Benign intracranial hypertension following corticosteroid withdrawal in childhood.
(59/112)
In an 18-month period seven children who were treated for a variety of neurological and non-neurological diseases, and in whom the corticosteroid or corticotrophin dosage was reduced, developed a syndrome indistinguishable from "benign intracranial hypertension." The total duration and rate of reduction of corticosteroid dosage and perhaps an underlying susceptibility to cerebral oedema appear to be important factors in this syndrome. Usually patients can be treated without the need for special neuroradiological studies. Possibly mild forms of this condition are not uncommon, but its pathogenesis is still uncertain. (+info)
Axial enlargement of the 3rd ventricle, and displacement of the brain-stem in benign aqueduct stenosis.
(60/112)
A personal series of 12 patients with benign aqueduct stenosis has been surveyed. A review of the radiographs has shown that in chronic aqueductal stenosis there is axial enlargement of the 3rd ventricle and displacement of the brain-stem. When these two features are pronounced, blockage of the basal cisterns will occur. We propose that when unsatisfactory flow of fluid through the basal cisterns may be inferred, then ventriculocisternostomy should be avoided. Evidence that the ventricular drainage is continuing satisfactorily after operation may be obtained either by echoencephalography, or by radiography, or by both means. (+info)
Extradural haemorrhage--a hazard of ventricular drainage.
(61/112)
Three cases of extradural haematoma during ventricular drainage are reported and the relevant literature has been reviewed. Aetiology, diagnosis, and management are discussed. Defective blood clotting is mentioned as a possible precipitating factor. (+info)
Pneumoencephalo-roulette tomography of operated primary pontine haemorrhage with long survival: report of two cases.
(62/112)
Pre- and postoperative pneumoencephalo-roulette tomography has been carried out in two cases of primary pontine haemorrhage with long survival. A pontine or cerebellar atrophy was revealed in case 1, in whom an intrapontine haematoma was removed. A markedly hollowed pons on the affected side has been demonstrated nearly five months after ventriculoatrial shunting in case 2. (+info)
Experiences with the technique and complications of meglumine iothalamate (Conray) ventriculography.
(63/112)
The development of contrast ventriculography is outlined and an experience with 40 meglumine iothalamate ventriculograms in 37 patients is described. The details of the procedure, hazards, value, and indications are discussed. (+info)
The study of infantile hydrocephalus with combined air and isotope ventriculography.
(64/112)
A method for a combined air and isotope ventriculography is described. Twenty-nine infants with suspected hydrocephalus were studied. The merit of the combined study is the possibility of obtaining both anatomical and functional information. A very small amount of radioactivity-15 muc-was found to give satisfactory results. Patterns of cerebrospinal fluid flow in communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus and in cases of porencephalic cyst and complete obstruction of the lateral ventricles are described. (+info)