I'm sorry for any confusion, but "AICARTFase" doesn't appear to be a recognized medical term in English or other languages. It's possible that there may be a spelling mistake or it could be a term specific to a certain language or field. If you have more context or information about where this term comes from, I'd be happy to help you try to find an answer. However, without further information, it's difficult for me to provide a meaningful response.

Hydroxymethyl- and formyltransferases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hydroxymethyl or formyl groups from one molecule to another. These enzymes play important roles in various metabolic pathways, including the synthesis and breakdown of nucleotides, amino acids, and other biomolecules.

One example of a hydroxymethyltransferase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of serine to glycine, which involves the transfer of a hydroxymethyl group from serine to tetrahydrofolate (THF), forming 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. This reaction is an important step in the synthesis of thymidine, a nucleoside required for DNA replication and repair.

Formyltransferases are another type of transferase enzyme that catalyze the transfer of formyl groups from one molecule to another. One example is the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in histone methylation, a process that plays a role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this reaction, a formyl group is transferred from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to a lysine residue on the histone protein, resulting in the formation of a formylated lysine residue.

Overall, hydroxymethyl- and formyltransferases are important enzymes that play critical roles in various metabolic pathways and biological processes.

Fosforibosylglycinamidformyltransferase (PRGGAT, EC 2.1.3.2) är ett enzym involverat i purinnukleotidsyntesen. Det katalyserar den första steget i överföringen av en formylgrupp från 10-formyltetrahydrofolat (10-FOR-THF) till fosforibosylglycinamid (PRG). Den resulterande reaktionsprodukten är 4-(-N-formyl-N-glycinamido)-5-fosfo ribosylamin (FGAM).

Reaktionen katalyserad av PRGGAT kan skrivas som följer:

PRG + 10-FOR-THF → FGAM + THF + CO2 + H+

Detta enzym finns hos de flesta levande organismer, inklusive människor. Mutationer i genen för detta enzym kan leda till olika former av arvsmassaburna sjukdomar som berör purinnukleotidsyntesen och kan orsaka allvarliga hälsoproblem, inklusive neurologiska skador och immunbrist.