West nile fever. Medical search

A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with WEST NILE VIRUS.

Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc.

An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.

A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.

Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.

Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE containing several subgroups and many species. Most are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. The type species is YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)

'Blood donors' are individuals who voluntarily and safely donate a specific amount of their own blood, which can be further separated into components, to be used for transfusion purposes or for manufacturing medical products, without receiving remuneration that is intended to reward them financially.

West Nile fever--a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. (1/1137)

West Nile virus causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of human and equine disease in Europe (western Mediterranean and southern Russia in 1962-64, Belarus and Ukraine in the 1970s and 1980s, Romania in 1996-97, Czechland in 1997, and Italy in 1998). Environmental factors, including human activities, that enhance population densities of vector mosquitoes (heavy rains followed by floods, irrigation, higher than usual temperature, or formation of ecologic niches that enable mass breeding of mosquitoes) could increase the incidence of West Nile fever. (+info)

Entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of West Nile fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. (2/1137)

Between July and October 1996, a West Nile (WN) fever epidemic occurred in the southern plain and Danube Valley of Romania and in the capital city of Bucharest, resulting in hundreds of neurologic cases and 17 fatalities. In early October 1996, entomologic and avian investigations of the epidemic were conducted in the city of Bucharest and nearby rural areas. Thirty (41%) of 73 domestic fowl sampled had neutralizing antibody to WN virus, including 5 of 13 ducks (38%), 1 of 1 goose, 19 of 52 chickens (37%), 1 of 1 peahen, and 4 of 6 turkeys (67%). Seroprevalence in domestic fowl (27%, or 7 of 26) from the urban Bucharest site was not significantly different (P = 0.08, by Fisher's exact test) than rates at three rural sites (50%, or 23 of 46). Serum collected from one of 12 Passeriformes, an Erithacus rubecula, was positive for neutralizing antibody to WN virus. A total of 5,577 mosquitoes representing seven taxa were collected. Culex pipiens pipiens accounted for 96% of the mosquitoes collected. A single virus isolate, RO97-50, was obtained from a pool of 30 Cx. p. pipiens females aspirated from the walls and ceiling of a blockhouse located near the center of Bucharest, resulting in a minimum infection rate of 0.19 per 1,000. Antisera prepared against RO97-50 failed to distinguish among RO97-50, WN virus strain Eg101, and Kunjin (KUN) virus strain MRM16. A 2,323-basepair DNA fragment of the envelope (E) glycoprotein gene from RO97-50 and a Romanian WN virus strain obtained from a human cerebrospinal fluid sample, RO96-1030, were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of 23 WN virus strains and one KUN virus strain using the amino acid and nucleotide sequences for a small portion of the E gene suggest the existence of two large lineages of viruses. Bootstrap analysis of the nucleotide alignment indicated strong support (95%) for a lineage composed of WN virus strains from northern Africa, including isolates from Egypt and Algeria, and west, central, and east Africa, all of the European isolates, those from France and Romania, an Israeli isolate, and an isolate of KUN virus from Australia. The nucleotide sequence of RO97-50 was identical to the sequence of a WN virus isolate obtained from Cx. neavei mosquitoes from Senegal and Cx. univittatus mosquitoes from Kenya. The phylogenetic analyses were compatible with the introduction of virus into Romania by birds migrating from sub-Saharan Africa, to northern Africa, and into southern Europe. (+info)

Update: West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. (3/1137)

The outbreak of human arboviral encephalitis attributable to a mosquito-transmitted West Nile-like virus (WNLV) continues to wane in the Northeast. As of October 5, the number of laboratory-positive cases had increased to 50 (27 confirmed and 23 probable), including five deaths. The increase in cases is mainly a result of completed retesting with West Nile virus antigen of specimens previously tested with the related St. Louis encephalitis virus antigen and to intensive retrospective case finding in the ongoing epidemiologic investigations. (+info)

Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. (4/1137)

An outbreak of arboviral encephalitis was first recognized in New York City in late August and has since been identified in neighboring counties in New York state. Although initially attributed to St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus based on positive serologic findings in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples using a virus-specific IgM-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the cause of the outbreak has been confirmed as a West Nile-like virus based on the identification of virus in human, avian, and mosquito samples. (+info)

Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitoes, crows, and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut. (5/1137)

West Nile (WN) virus, a mosquito-transmitted virus native to Africa, Asia, and Europe, was isolated from two species of mosquitoes, Culex pipiens and Aedes vexans, and from brain tissues of 28 American crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, and one Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii, in Connecticut. A portion of the genome of virus isolates from four different hosts was sequenced and analyzed by comparative phylogenetic analysis. Our isolates from Connecticut were similar to one another and most closely related to two WN isolates from Romania (2.8 and 3.6 percent difference). If established in North America, WN virus will likely have severe effects on human health and on the health of populations of birds. (+info)

Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. (6/1137)

In late summer 1999, an outbreak of human encephalitis occurred in the northeastern United States that was concurrent with extensive mortality in crows (Corvus species) as well as the deaths of several exotic birds at a zoological park in the same area. Complete genome sequencing of a flavivirus isolated from the brain of a dead Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis), together with partial sequence analysis of envelope glycoprotein (E-glycoprotein) genes amplified from several other species including mosquitoes and two fatal human cases, revealed that West Nile (WN) virus circulated in natural transmission cycles and was responsible for the human disease. Antigenic mapping with E-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and E-glycoprotein phylogenetic analysis confirmed these viruses as WN. This North American WN virus was most closely related to a WN virus isolated from a dead goose in Israel in 1998. (+info)

Continued transmission of West Nile virus to humans in southeastern Romania, 1997-1998. (7/1137)

After an epidemic of West Nile (WN) virus neurologic infections in southeastern Romania in 1996, human and animal surveillance were established to monitor continued transmission of the virus. During 1997 and 1998, neurologic infections were diagnosed serologically as WN encephalitis in 12 of 322 patients in 19 southeastern districts and in 1 of 75 Bucharest patients. In addition, amid a countrywide epidemic of measles, the etiology of the febrile exanthem in 2 of 180 investigated cases was determined serologically to be WN fever; 1 case was complicated by hepatitis. Sentinel chickens placed in Bucharest seroconverted to WN virus during the summer months, indicating their potential value in monitoring transmission. The continued occurrence of sporadic WN infections in southeastern Romania in consecutive years after the 1996 epidemic is consistent with local enzootic transmission of the virus. (+info)

An outbreak of West Nile fever among migrants in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo. (8/1137)

In February 1998, an outbreak of acute febrile illness was reported from the Kapalata military camp in Kisangani, the Democratic Republic of Congo. The illness was characterized by an acute onset of fever associated with severe headache, arthralgia, backache, neurologic signs, abdominal pain, and coughing. In 1 individual, hemorrhagic manifestations were observed. The neurologic signs included an altered level of consciousness, convulsions, and coma. Malaria was initially suspected, but the patients showed negative blood films and failed to respond to antimicrobial drugs. A total of 35 sera collected from the military patients in the acute phase were tested for the presence of IgM against vector-borne agents. Serum IgM antibodies against West Nile fever virus were found in 23 patients (66%), against Chikungunya virus in 12 patients (34%), against dengue virus in 1 patient (3%), and against Rickettsia typhi in 1 patient (3%). All sera were negative for IgM antibody against Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, and Sindbis virus. These data suggest that infections with West Nile fever virus have been the main cause of the outbreak. (+info)

West Nile Fever is defined as a viral infection primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The virus responsible for this febrile illness, known as West Nile Virus (WNV), is maintained in nature between mosquito vectors and avian hosts. Although most individuals infected with WNV are asymptomatic, some may develop a mild, flu-like illness characterized by fever, headache, fatigue, body aches, skin rash, and swollen lymph glands. A minority of infected individuals, particularly the elderly and immunocompromised, may progress to severe neurological symptoms such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), or acute flaccid paralysis (sudden weakness in the limbs). The diagnosis is confirmed through laboratory tests, such as serological assays or nucleic acid amplification techniques. Treatment primarily focuses on supportive care, as there are no specific antiviral therapies available for West Nile Fever. Preventive measures include personal protection against mosquito bites and vector control strategies to reduce mosquito populations.

West Nile Virus (WNV) is an Flavivirus, which is a type of virus that is spread by mosquitoes. It was first discovered in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937 and has since been found in many countries throughout the world. WNV can cause a mild to severe illness known as West Nile fever.

Most people who become infected with WNV do not develop any symptoms, but some may experience fever, headache, body aches, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, or a rash. In rare cases, the virus can cause serious neurological illnesses such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). These severe forms of the disease can be fatal, especially in older adults and people with weakened immune systems.

WNV is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, but it can also be spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, or from mother to baby during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. There is no specific treatment for WNV, and most people recover on their own with rest and supportive care. However, hospitalization may be necessary in severe cases. Prevention measures include avoiding mosquito bites by using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and staying indoors during peak mosquito activity hours.

A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.

Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.

Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.

West Nile Virus (WNV) vaccines are immunizations that are designed to protect against the West Nile virus, which is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Flaviviridae. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, particularly those of the Culex species.

There are currently no licensed WNV vaccines available for human use in the United States or Europe. However, there are several veterinary vaccines that have been developed and approved for use in horses and other animals, such as birds and geese. These vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus, which can help prevent infection and reduce the severity of symptoms in animals that do become infected.

Human WNV vaccine candidates are in various stages of development and testing. Some of these vaccines use inactivated or weakened forms of the virus, while others use only a portion of the viral protein to stimulate an immune response. While these vaccines have shown promise in clinical trials, further research is needed to determine their safety and effectiveness in larger populations before they can be approved for widespread use.

'Bird diseases' is a broad term that refers to the various medical conditions and infections that can affect avian species. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxic substances and can affect pet birds, wild birds, and poultry. Some common bird diseases include:

1. Avian influenza (bird flu) - a viral infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, decreased appetite, and sudden death in birds.
2. Psittacosis (parrot fever) - a bacterial infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, fever, and lethargy in birds and humans who come into contact with them.
3. Aspergillosis - a fungal infection that can cause respiratory symptoms and weight loss in birds.
4. Candidiasis (thrush) - a fungal infection that can affect the mouth, crop, and other parts of the digestive system in birds.
5. Newcastle disease - a viral infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, neurological signs, and decreased egg production in birds.
6. Salmonellosis - a bacterial infection that can cause diarrhea, lethargy, and decreased appetite in birds and humans who come into contact with them.
7. Trichomoniasis - a parasitic infection that can affect the mouth, crop, and digestive system in birds.
8. Chlamydiosis (psittacosis) - a bacterial infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, lethargy, and decreased appetite in birds and humans who come into contact with them.
9. Coccidiosis - a parasitic infection that can affect the digestive system in birds.
10. Mycobacteriosis (avian tuberculosis) - a bacterial infection that can cause chronic weight loss, respiratory symptoms, and skin lesions in birds.

It is important to note that some bird diseases can be transmitted to humans and other animals, so it is essential to practice good hygiene when handling birds or their droppings. If you suspect your bird may be sick, it is best to consult with a veterinarian who specializes in avian medicine.

Fever, also known as pyrexia or febrile response, is a common medical sign characterized by an elevation in core body temperature above the normal range of 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F) due to a dysregulation of the body's thermoregulatory system. It is often a response to an infection, inflammation, or other underlying medical conditions, and it serves as a part of the immune system's effort to combat the invading pathogens or to repair damaged tissues.

Fevers can be classified based on their magnitude:

* Low-grade fever: 37.5-38°C (99.5-100.4°F)
* Moderate fever: 38-39°C (100.4-102.2°F)
* High-grade or severe fever: above 39°C (102.2°F)

It is important to note that a single elevated temperature reading does not necessarily indicate the presence of a fever, as body temperature can fluctuate throughout the day and can be influenced by various factors such as physical activity, environmental conditions, and the menstrual cycle in females. The diagnosis of fever typically requires the confirmation of an elevated core body temperature on at least two occasions or a consistently high temperature over a period of time.

While fevers are generally considered beneficial in fighting off infections and promoting recovery, extremely high temperatures or prolonged febrile states may necessitate medical intervention to prevent potential complications such as dehydration, seizures, or damage to vital organs.

'Culex' is a genus of mosquitoes that includes many species that are vectors for various diseases, such as West Nile virus, filariasis, and avian malaria. They are often referred to as "house mosquitoes" because they are commonly found in urban environments. These mosquitoes typically lay their eggs in standing water and have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found on all continents except Antarctica. The life cycle of Culex mosquitoes includes four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Both male and female adults feed on nectar, but only females require blood meals to lay eggs.

'Culicidae' is the biological family that includes all species of mosquitoes. It consists of three subfamilies: Anophelinae, Culicinae, and Toxorhynchitinae. Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that are known for their ability to transmit various diseases to humans and other animals, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and Zika virus. The medical importance of Culicidae comes from the fact that only female mosquitoes require blood meals to lay eggs, and during this process, they can transmit pathogens between hosts.

I understand you are asking for a medical definition of "Horse Diseases." However, it's important to note that there isn't a specific medical field dedicated to horse diseases as we typically categorize medical fields by human diseases and conditions. Veterinary medicine is the field responsible for studying, diagnosing, and treating diseases in animals, including horses.

Here's a general definition of 'Horse Diseases':

Horse diseases are health issues or medical conditions that affect equine species, particularly horses. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections; genetic predispositions; environmental factors; and metabolic disorders. Examples of horse diseases include Strangles (Streptococcus equi), Equine Influenza, Equine Herpesvirus, West Nile Virus, Rabies, Potomac Horse Fever, Lyme Disease, and internal or external parasites like worms and ticks. Additionally, horses can suffer from musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis, laminitis, and various injuries. Regular veterinary care, preventative measures, and proper management are crucial for maintaining horse health and preventing diseases.

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "birds." Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, and lightweight but strong skeletons. Some birds, such as pigeons and chickens, have been used in medical research, but the term "birds" itself does not have a specific medical definition.

Flavivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Flaviviridae. They are enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that are primarily transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. Many flaviviruses cause significant disease in humans, including dengue fever, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever, and Zika fever. The name "flavivirus" is derived from the Latin word for "yellow," referring to the yellow fever virus, which was one of the first members of this genus to be discovered.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

A blood transfusion is a medical procedure in which blood or its components are transferred from one individual (donor) to another (recipient) through a vein. The donated blood can be fresh whole blood, packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, or cryoprecipitate, depending on the recipient's needs. Blood transfusions are performed to replace lost blood due to severe bleeding, treat anemia, support patients undergoing major surgeries, or manage various medical conditions such as hemophilia, thalassemia, and leukemia. The donated blood must be carefully cross-matched with the recipient's blood type to minimize the risk of transfusion reactions.

A blood donor is a person who voluntarily gives their own blood or blood components to be used for the benefit of another person in need. The blood donation process involves collecting the donor's blood, testing it for infectious diseases, and then storing it until it is needed by a patient. There are several types of blood donations, including:

1. Whole blood donation: This is the most common type of blood donation, where a donor gives one unit (about 450-500 milliliters) of whole blood. The blood is then separated into its components (red cells, plasma, and platelets) for transfusion to patients with different needs.
2. Double red cell donation: In this type of donation, the donor's blood is collected using a special machine that separates two units of red cells from the whole blood. The remaining plasma and platelets are returned to the donor during the donation process. This type of donation can be done every 112 days.
3. Platelet donation: A donor's blood is collected using a special machine that separates platelets from the whole blood. The red cells and plasma are then returned to the donor during the donation process. This type of donation can be done every seven days, up to 24 times a year.
4. Plasma donation: A donor's blood is collected using a special machine that separates plasma from the whole blood. The red cells and platelets are then returned to the donor during the donation process. This type of donation can be done every 28 days, up to 13 times a year.

Blood donors must meet certain eligibility criteria, such as being in good health, aged between 18 and 65 (in some countries, the upper age limit may vary), and weighing over 50 kg (110 lbs). Donors are also required to answer medical questionnaires and undergo a mini-physical examination before each donation. The frequency of blood donations varies depending on the type of donation and the donor's health status.

... is an infection by the West Nile virus, which is typically spread by mosquitoes. In about 80% of infections ... West Nile Virus. Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service. "West Nile virus". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 26 ... A positive test for West Nile IgG in the absence of a positive West Nile IgM is indicative of a previous flavivirus infection ... CDC-West Nile Virus-NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic West Nile Virus Resource Guide-National Pesticide Information ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_fever

The West Nile virus has caused outbreaks of West Nile fever in countries on a number of different continents since its ... reports 339 cases of West Nile, one death". CTVNews. August 24, 2007. News , West Nile virus found in BC mosquitoes Chowers MY ... 2019 Mosquito-Borne West Nile Virus Soared in 2018, According to CDC Data, Time, Jamie Ducharme, August 9, 2019 West Nile Virus ... 3 October 2017 West Nile Virus Biovigilance Network, AABB, accessed June 5, 2020 West Nile Virus: Blood Transfusion and Organ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_West_Nile_virus_outbreaks

Vector-borne diseases include West Nile virus, zika fever and malaria. Many blood-borne diseases can also be contracted by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood-borne_disease

... (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever. It is a member of the family Flaviviridae, ... West Nile fever is an infection by the West Nile virus, which is typically spread by mosquitoes. In about 80% of infections ... Viruses portal West Nile fever West Nile virus in the United States Mackenzie, John S; Gubler, Duane J; Petersen, Lyle R (2004 ... Contrary to popular belief, West Nile virus was not named after the Nile River, rather, the West Nile district of Uganda where ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virus

For example, West Nile virus (the pathogen) causes West Nile fever (the disease). The misuse of basic definitions in ... New York: W.W. Norton & Co. p. 703. ISBN 978-0-393-05874-1. OCLC 57549405. Gwyn, Richard (1999). "10". In Cameron, Lynne; Low, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease

Cuba is affected by the West Nile virus, which causes West Nile fever; epidemiological surveillance was established in 2002, ... Like other countries in this geographical region, the island of Cuba is a zone of active circulation of the West Nile virus and ... Bennett (1998, p. 175) Pupo, Maritza; Guzmán, Maria; Fernández, Roberto; Llop, Alina (2006). "West Nile Virus Infection in ... It has also been shown that Cuban ticks parasitizing horses can be infected with Coxiella burnetii, which causes Q fever. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Cuba

These additional tests include other infectious diseases such as West Nile fever and babesiosis. Sometimes multiple tests are ... "Precautionary West Nile virus blood sample testing". Héma-Québec, Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-09-13. Retrieved ... Wales PW, Lau W, Kim PC (May 2001). "Directed blood donation in pediatric general surgery: Is it worth it?". J. Pediatr. Surg. ... Riley W, Schwei M, McCullough J (July 2007). "The United States' potential blood donor pool: estimating the prevalence of donor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_donation

Spontaneous infections of West Nile fever are also known to kill wild barred owls. Barred owls were the most regularly infected ... Campbell, W., Dawe, N. K., McTaggart-Cowan, I., Cooper, J. M., Kaiser, G. W., & McNall, M. C. (2011). Birds of British Columbia ... Parmalee, P. W.; Klippel, W. E. (1982). "Evidence of a Boreal Avifauna in Middle Tennessee during the Late Pleistocene". The ... Portnoy, J. W., & Dodge, W. E. (1979). Red-shouldered Hawk nesting ecology and behavior. The Wilson Bulletin, 104-117. Mason, J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barred_owl

Even such a virulent disease as West Nile fever is unlikely to have caused extinction. The disease would need to be implausibly ... Perry, George L. W.; Wheeler, Andrew B.; Wood, Jamie R.; Wilmshurst, Janet M. (2014-12-01). "A high-precision chronology for ... 3. Graham, R.W.; Lundelius, E.L. (1989). "Coevolutionary disequilibrium and Pleistocene extinctions". In Martin, P.S.; Klein, R ... Schubert, Blaine W.; Chatters, James C.; Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin; Samuels, Joshua X.; Soibelzon, Leopoldo H.; Prevosti, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_extinction_event

Zika virus shares a genus with the dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. Since the 1950s, it has ... Yellow fever - is a viral disease of typically short duration. In most cases, symptoms include fever, chills, loss of appetite ... Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J (2005). "Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions ... Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References Back - The human back is the large posterior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_medicine

... shares a genus with the dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. Since the 1950s, it has ... As in other flaviviruses, such as the similarly sized West Nile virus, the RNA genome encodes seven nonstructural proteins and ... Symptomatic cases are usually mild and can resemble dengue fever. Symptoms may include fever, red eyes, joint pain, headache, ... and West Nile viruses. Like other flaviviruses, Zika virus is enveloped and icosahedral and has a nonsegmented, single-stranded ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zika_virus

The genus includes human pathogens like Zika virus, West-Nile virus, Dengue virus, Yellow Fever virus and other. The 5' UTR of ... is a critical determinant of dengue virus and West Nile virus RNA synthesis". Virology. 379 (2): 314-323. doi:10.1016/j.virol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavivirus_5'_UTR

The genus includes human pathogens like Zika virus, West-Nile virus, Dengue virus, Yellow Fever virus and other. The 3' UTR ... Gaunt, Michael W.; Sall, Amadou A.; Lamballerie, Xavier de; Falconar, Andrew K. I.; Dzhivanian, Tatyana I.; Gould, Ernest A. ( ... Shi, P. Y.; Brinton, M. A.; Veal, J. M.; Zhong, Y. Y.; Wilson, W. D. (1996-04-02). "Evidence for the existence of a pseudoknot ... Romero, T. A.; Tumban, E.; Jun, J.; Lott, W. B.; Hanley, K. A. (2006-11-01). "Secondary structure of dengue virus type 4 3' ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavivirus_3'_UTR

Louis encephalitis virus West Nile virus Spondweni virus group Spondweni virus Zika virus Yellow fever virus group Yellow fever ... Zika Virus Dengue fever Eastern Equine encephalitis West Nile Chikungunya Rift Valley Fever Because the arboviral ... West Nile Virus in Transplant Recipients Investigation Team (2003). "Transmission of West Nile Virus from an Organ Donor to ... Taylor, R. M.; Hurlbut, H. S.; Dressler, H. R.; Spangler, E. W.; Thrasher, D. (1953). "Isolation of West Nile virus from Culex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbovirus

He was diagnosed with West Nile fever (only the second confirmed case of West Nile in Kansas in 2015). After several weeks of ... Shooting Star Relief Fund concert was held in Kansas City to assist McLain with his continuing recovery from West Nile fever. ... "Van McElvain West Nile Recovery fund". razoo.com. Razoo. Retrieved August 24, 2017. "Shooting Star Relief Fund". ... McLain died on March 2, 2018, from complications of his West Nile virus infection, at age 62. Shooting Star announced in late ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_Star_(band)

The genus Flavivirus includes over 50 known viruses, including Yellow Fever, West Nile Virus, Zika Virus, and Japanese ... Yokose virus has been found to be genetically close to Yellow Fever virus with amino acid sequences showing close identify to ... It was found that Yellow fever vaccination was effective in neutralizing Yokose virus in human cells. Much is unknown about the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokose_virus

Epidemiologist John Marr and Charles Calisher put forward the West Nile fever as the possible cause of Alexander's death. This ... exhaustion and high fever, typical symptoms of infectious diseases, including typhoid fever. According to David W. Oldach from ... According to analysis of other authors in response to Marr and Calisher, the West Nile virus could not have infected humans ... Cunha, Burke A. (July 2004). "Alexander the Great and West Nile virus encephalitis". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10 (7): 1328 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Alexander_the_Great

One major disease-spreading insect is the mosquito, which can carry diseases like malaria, West Nile virus, and dengue fever. ... Mosquito-borne diseases that are sensitive to climate include malaria, elephantiasis, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, dengue ... Dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by dengue viruses known to be in the tropical regions. It is transmitted by the ... Dengue fever is spread by the bite of the female mosquito known as Aedes aegypti. The female mosquito is a highly effective ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_infectious_diseases

The Laboratory tests for the pathogens that cause malaria, West Nile, and Zika Fever as well as other arboviruses and parasites ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_School_of_Aerospace_Medicine

The influence of weather conditions on the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases by the example of West Nile fever in Russia ... Su S, Wong G, Shi W, Liu J, Lai ACK, Zhou J, Liu W, Bi Y, Gao GF. Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of ... The yellow fever virus vaccine, a live-attenuated strain called 17D, is probably the safest and most effective vaccine ever ... ISBN 978-0-12-375146-1. Dhama K, Khan S, Tiwari R, Sircar S, Bhat S, Malik YS, Singh KP, Chaicumpa W, Bonilla-Aldana DK, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus

West Nile fever, which can cause a variety of neurological disorders, can also cause hearing loss by attacking the auditory ... Sliwinska-Kowalska M, Zamyslowska-Szmytke E, Szymczak W, Kotylo P, Fiszer M, Wesolowski W, Pawlaczyk-Luszczynska M (May 2005 ... Fuente A, Qiu W, Zhang M, Xie H, Kardous CA, Campo P, Morata TC (March 2018). "Use of the kurtosis statistic in an evaluation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_hearing_loss

For example, they are used to kill mosquitoes that can transmit potentially deadly diseases like West Nile virus, yellow fever ... Jurewicz J, Hanke W (2008). "Prenatal and childhood exposure to pesticides and neurobehavioral development: review of ... Weselak M, Arbuckle TE, Foster W (2007). "Pesticide exposures and developmental outcomes: the epidemiological evidence". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a vector-borne flavivirus in the same family as yellow fever, dengue, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis ... Duffy, Mark R.; Chen, Tai-Ho; Hancock, W. Thane; et al. (11 June 2009). "Zika virus outbreak on Yap Islands, Federated States ... The outbreak of Zika fever in Micronesia demonstrated the transmission of Zika virus outside Africa and Asia. This was ... signs and symptoms were clinically distinct from dengue fever. Subsequent retesting using consensus primers detected the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Yap_Islands_Zika_virus_outbreak

The region is affected by West Nile fever, and females are probably regularly captured by locals, also jeopardizing the ... "Detection of West Nile virus lineage 2 in mosquitoes during a human outbreak in Greece". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_horse

... malaria and West Nile fever) via transmission of protozoic or viral pathogens. Similarly, tick bites spread diseases endemic to ... African tick bite fever, Tick-borne encephalitis, etc. Biting is also an age appropriate behavior and reaction for human ... their location, most famously Lyme disease, but ticks also serve as disease vectors for Colorado tick fever, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biting

Impacts on infectious diseases West Nile fever is a serious disease linked to climate change in the US that is transmitted by ... Documentation of the West Nile virus is just beginning in Washington State, but Colorado has been grappling with cases of it ... West Nile Virus Economic Impact, Louisiana Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). 2002. Archived December 22, 2007, ... Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. An epidemic in Hawaii in 2001 was a reminder that many ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_Washington

Ovitraps target A. aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes which are carriers of dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus, west Nile ... west Nile virus, yellow fever, and chikungunya. Lethal ovitraps can either contain substances that kills larvae that hatch from ... Perich, M. J.; Kardec, A.; Braga, I. A.; Portal, I. F.; Burge, R.; Zeichner, B. C.; Brogdon, W. A.; Wirtz, R. A. (2003). "Field ... The program was met with great success, "One year after the interventions, the dengue fever rates were zero in the community ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethal_ovitrap

He is a specialist in the natural history, epidemiology and control of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, West Nile ... 1 January 2003 "Field Investigations of an Outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995 ... Arthropod Studies", The Journal of Infectious Diseases, February 1999 Supplement "First recorded outbreak of yellow fever in ... fever, and malaria. He is a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society.[citation needed] Reiter says he was a contributor to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Reiter

In 1962 NAMRU-3 investigators described the natural infection cycle of West Nile fever, which involves mosquitoes and birds as ... CAPT Louis E Antosek 1999-2002 CAPT Trueman W. Sharp 2002-5 CAPT Bruce Boynton 2005-7 CAPT Kenneth Earhart 2007-10 CAPT Robin ... In 2000, NAMRU-3 successfully investigated the first outbreak of Rift Valley fever outside Africa in Yemen. In 1965 NAMRU-3 ... viral diseases such as dengue fever and other arboviruses, and bacterial illnesses like traveler's diarrhea (ETEC, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Medical_Research_Unit_Three

... and profound weakness is seen in post-polio syndrome and post-West Nile fevers. Symptoms can be severe and debilitating, ... West Nile virus (WNV), Ross River virus (RRV), Coxsackie B, influenza A virus subtype H1N1, varicella zoster virus (VZV), ... Q fever fatigue syndrome, post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome, and symptoms observed after other infections lacking a specific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-acute_infection_syndrome

The diseases that are vector borne are malaria, dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever. Floods have a huge impact on victims' ... Dieperink, C.; Hegger, D. L. T.; Bakker, M. H. N.; Kundzewicz, Z. W.; Green, C.; Driessen, P. P. J. (2016-10-01). "Recurrent ... Hjalmarson, Hjalmar W. (December 1984). "Flash Flood in Tanque Verde Creek, Tucson, Arizona". Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ... the Nile River, the Indus River, the Ganges and the Yellow River among others. The viability of hydropower, a renewable source ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood

In 2001, when she was 40, Ferris contracted West Nile fever from a mosquito bite. Three weeks after going to the hospital, she ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Ferris

They are becoming increasingly popular, particularly with the rise of insect borne diseases such as West Nile fever. Any ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_blanket

The mission is to identify promising drug candidates to combat the Dengue, Hepatitis C, West Nile, Yellow Fever, and other ... It has also shown the same behaviour in other flaviviruses, such as the West Nile virus. No negative side effects such as ... most of which also inhibit the West Nile virus protease. A handful of these have already entered "crucial pre-clinical ... based on known results from similar diseases like dengue fever and yellow fever. These results will help researchers develop an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Community_Grid

West Nile fever is an infection by the West Nile virus, which is typically spread by mosquitoes. In about 80% of infections ... West Nile Virus. Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service. "West Nile virus". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 26 ... A positive test for West Nile IgG in the absence of a positive West Nile IgM is indicative of a previous flavivirus infection ... CDC-West Nile Virus-NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic West Nile Virus Resource Guide-National Pesticide Information ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_fever

West Nile Fever Outbreak in Horses and Humans, Spain, 2010 Ignacio García-Bocanegra. , Juan A. Jaén-Téllez, Sebastián Napp, ... West Nile Fever Outbreak in Horses and Humans, Spain, 2010. ... Spatial distribution of West Nile virus-infected horse herds ( ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/12/11-0651-f1

... surveillance indicates that the 2018 West Nile fever transmission season started earlier than in previous years and with a ... 2018 West Nile fever transmission season. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Available from: https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/ ... Early start of the West Nile fever transmission season 2018 in Europe ... In Europe, surveillance indicates that the 2018 West Nile fever transmission season started earlier than in previous years and ...

https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.32.1800428

... is a mild form of disease caused by the West Nile virus. Most people with it recover fully. Very rarely, the ... West Nile fever causes a high temperature, sometimes with headache, body aches or pain, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Very ... Treatment for West Nile fever includes rest, fluids and pain medicines bought without a prescription. The rare, serious disease ... the West Nile virus causes a fever with neck stiffness, shaking, confusion or other serious symptoms. ...

https://www.stclair.org/services/mayo-clinic-health-information/article/ABT-20333518

I understand that some communities are spraying insecticides against mosquitoes bearing the West Nile virus. Is this approach ... West Nile Fever is in the news again this summer (2012). At this writing, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Protection ( ... While West Nile Fever is potentially fatal, the chances of getting sick after being bitten by a virus-bearing mosquito are ... Youre at greatest risk of a severe case of West Nile Fever if youre over 50, and at an increased risk of exposure if you ...

https://www.drweil.com/health-wellness/body-mind-spirit/insects-parasites/west-nile-fever-battling-bad-bugs/

Two men from the Don Benito-Villanueva health area of Badajoz have been infected with the West Nile fever virus. ... West Nile fever is transmitted by mosquitoes. West Nile fever is a zoonosis caused by certain strains of West Nile virus (WNV) ... The main symptoms of West Nile fever are headache, vomiting, fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash or tiredness according to the NHS ... Two Cases Of West Nile Fever Confirmed In Badajoz, Extremadura. By Chris King • Published: 02 Sep 2023 • 18:26 ...

https://euroweeklynews.com/2023/09/02/two-cases-west-nile-fever-badajoz-extremadura/

Interventions Against West Nile Virus, Rift Valley Fever Virus, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Where Are We?. ... with a clear focus on West Nile virus, Rift Valley fever virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. To evaluate the ...

https://www.wur.nl/en/publication-details.htm?publicationId=publication-way-343031353132

yellow fever, West Nile, Zika, Banzi Bunyamwera (Aedes 43) Casals [10] has shown 3 strains of Congo virus (Congo 3010, Uganda ... to be atnigenically indistinguishable from each other and from the Drosdov strain of Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) by CF ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=116&SID=5

Simultaneous detection of Zika, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses by a two-tube ... yellow fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was developed and optimized with high ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/saudepublica/resource/pt/mdl-35146775

... subsequently had West Nile fever. In addition, during 2004, a total of 3,946 dead corvids and 868 other dead birds with WNV ... West Nile Virus Activity --- United States, September 8--14, 2004. During September 8--14, a total of 195 cases of human West ... A total of 124 presumptive West Nile viremic blood donors (PVDs) have been reported to ArboNET in 2004. Of these, 37 (30%) were ... West Virginia, and Wyoming) and in five dogs from Nevada and New Mexico. Three squirrels with WNV infection were reported from ...

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a7.htm

Louis encephalitis virus; West Nile virus; and Colorado tick fever). Mumps virus ... Zhu F, Xu W, Xia J, Liang Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, et al. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of an enterovirus 71 vaccine in China ... Russell W Steele, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of ... Russell W Steele, MD Clinical Professor, Tulane University School of Medicine; Staff Physician, Ochsner Clinic Foundation. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/972179-overview

WEST NILE FEVER. WEST NILE FEVER. NEWS : One fatality reported in Kerala due to West Nile fever ... WEST NILE FEVER. *Caused by Virus (WNV) , which is a member of the flavivirus genus and belongs to the Japanese encephalitis ... Treatment is supportive for patients with neuro-invasive West Nile virus, often involving hospitalization, intravenous fluids, ... Commonly found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America and West Asia ...

https://nammakpsc.com/affairs/west-nile-fever/

Some of these are malaria, dengue fever, and West Nile virus.. Other less effective bug sprays contain pyrethrins. Pyrethrins ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002763.htm

9. West Nile fever. Tunisia. West Nile fever is endemic in Tunisia, and sporadic cases were reported from the beginning of 2018 ... West Nile fever cases reported in Tunisia, 2018. Table 4. Infectious disease outbreaks reported from the countries of the ... By end of November 2018, a total of 377 suspected cases of West Nile fever and 2 associated deaths were reported. These cases ... West Nile fever. A total of 12 countries reported these infections resulting in a cumulative total of 844 deaths and 4 356 25 ...

https://www.emro.who.int/fr/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/news/infectious-disease-outbreaks-reported-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-region-in-2018.html

Categories: West Nile Fever Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 102 ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=West+Nile+Fever&parentid=9431&catid=27300

Learn about the causes and symptoms of the West Nile virus. ... Dengue fever is a disease spread by mosquito bites. Theres no ... If you have West Nile virus, you will typically show the first virus symptoms within three to 14 days of being bitten. West ... 2015, December 16). West Nile virus. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/west-nile-virus/home/ovc-20166289. ... http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/west_nile_virus/. *. Petersen, L. R. (2016). Treatment and prevention of West Nile virus ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/west-nile-virus

Zika virus is a flavivirus, which is closely related to dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. ... Its closely related to dengue virus, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile virus. Most of the transmission ... The most common symptoms of Zika virus infection are fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. Women should be asked if they ... yellow fever and chikungunya in addition to Zika virus. Aedes aegypti prefer urban habitats while Aedes albopictus will live in ...

https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/transcripts/2016/call-transcript-120816.asp

West Nile Viruses, Acute Encephalitis Syndrome, DASTAK Campaign, UNICEF, WHO. Read more at BYJUS ... dengue and West Nile Viruses. JEV is the primary cause for viral Encephalitis in a large number of countries in the Asian ... Initial symptoms are fever, chills, headache, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. The disease can progress to inflammation of the ... Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus spread by mosquitoes and is related to same genus as yellow fever, ...

https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/japanese-encephalitis/

West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease*. 6. 0. 2. 0. 2. 2 West Nile Fever**. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ... Cases of West Nile Encephalitis or Meningitis, or Acute Flaccid Paralysis (severe muscle weakness associated with West Nile ... West Nile Virus Reports, Results and Summaries. 2016 Positive Results Summary. WNV Positive Results All NYC Bronx Brooklyn ... Residents of New York City can help reduce the risk of West Nile virus by eliminating areas of standing water and by taking ...

https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/west-nile-virus-reports-2016.page

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tick-borne infections, and free-living amoeba. ... Rash occurs in about 50% of cases with West Nile fever and a smaller proportion of cases with CNS disease. A rash might be an ... Chow: I love that you mentioned West Nile. That one, like you said, is a little bit under the radar in terms of rashes and CNS ... Im struggling with number five, but Im going to put my money on West Nile virus because I think its underrecognized that you ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/985914

Districts with probable and confirmed cases of West Nile infections ... West Nile fever maps The implementation of blood safety measures in the event of outbreaks of West Nile fever in humans is an ... See more at: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/west_nile_fever/West-Nile-fever-maps/Pages/about.aspx#sthash.ChrboFVp.dpuf ... An important consequence of the deferral of blood donations from areas with West Nile fever is the impact on the blood supply ...

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/distribution-of-west-nile-fever

... subsequently had West Nile fever. In addition, 951 dead corvids and 292 other dead birds with WNV infection have been reported ... West Nile Virus Update --- United States, January 1--September 11, 2007. This report summarizes 2007 West Nile virus (WNV) ... A total of 136 presumptive West Nile viremic blood donors (PVDs) have been reported to ArboNET during 2007. Of these, 33 were ... Additional information about national WNV activity is available from CDC at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/index.htm ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5636a3.htm

Rome, Aug 18 (Prensa Latina) The number of cases of West Nile Fever in Italy has increased to 94, according to the Superior ...

https://www.plenglish.com/tags/cases/

WOAH reported West Nile fever (WNV) in Neusiedl am See. Identified in an imperial eagle. ... WOAH reported West Nile fever (WNV) in Neusiedl am See. Identified in an imperial eagle. ...

https://www.emergence-msd-animal-health.com/disease_report/woah-reported-west-nile-fever-wnv-in-neusiedl-am-see-identified-in-an-imperial-eagle/

West Nile Fever in European Union. 22 Sep 2014. Since the start of the West Nile virus trasmission season in 2014, a total of ... 42 cases of West Nile fever have been reported in the EU, as of 18 September. Countries reporting cases include:. *Greece 15 ...

https://fitfortravel.nhs.uk/news/newsdetail.aspx?id=19941

Be aware of the arthropod-borne disease: dengue, yellow fever, and diseases from encephalitic viruses (west nile, st. louis ... West Nile virus disease, St. Louis encephalitis virus disease,and disease caused by encephalitic California serogroup viruses, ... This review selects and presents five such diseases, borne by mosquitoes: Dengue and yellow fever of the tropics and subtropics ...

https://www.journalcra.com/article/be-aware-arthropod-borne-disease-dengue-yellow-fever-and-diseases-encephalitic-viruses-west

West Nile fever is an infection by the West Nile virus, which is typically spread by mosquitoes. (wikipedia.org)
West Nile virus (WNV) is usually spread by mosquitoes that become infected when they feed on infected birds, which often carry the disease. (wikipedia.org)
I understand that some communities are spraying insecticides against mosquitoes bearing the West Nile virus. (drweil.com)
You're at greatest risk of a severe case of West Nile Fever if you're over 50, and at an increased risk of exposure if you spend a lot of time outdoors in areas where mosquitoes are active. (drweil.com)
I recently read an article in the July 9, 2012 issue of the New Yorker about genetic modifications of the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that spread dengue fever and yellow fever, both of which have killed millions of people. (drweil.com)
West Nile fever is a zoonosis caused by certain strains of West Nile virus (WNV) and is transmitted by mosquitoes. (euroweeklynews.com)
Infected mosquitoes usually spread the West Nile virus. (healthline.com)
While the Health Department's surveillance efforts are able to confirm evidence of West Nile virus in mosquitoes in the above mentioned areas, given the widespread presence of the virus, it should be protected against in all areas of New York City where the virus is just as likely to be detected. (nyc.gov)
Residents of New York City can help reduce the risk of West Nile virus by eliminating areas of standing water and by taking precautions against mosquitoes. (nyc.gov)
West Nile is a disease spread by mosquitoes that most often spreads to people during the summer and early fall when the mosquitoes that carry the virus are most active. (kget.com)
Mosquitoes have tested positive for the West Nile virus. (wibc.com)
West Nile fever is transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. (india.com)
Infected mosquitoes can spread West Nile virus, Zika virus, and the viruses that cause malaria, yellow fever and some types of brain infection. (mayoclinic.org)
Mosquitoes can carry the viruses that cause certain diseases, such as West Nile virus and the viruses that cause malaria, yellow fever and dengue fever. (mayoclinic.org)
For example, during the yellow fever outbreak in Philadelphia in 1793, the coming of the fall frosts killed the local mosquitoes, and the outbreak ended. (scienceblog.com)
We are pleased to announce the results of our most recent research data in the matter of West Nile Fever, a disease that is carried by mosquitoes and is found throughout the USA, South America, Asia, Australia, and Europe. (wellnesspartners.com)
This plush representation of West Nile Virus provides a memorable hands-on-way to learn about this illness and protection against infected mosquitoes. (giantmicrobes.com)
HANCOCK COUNTY - The threat of West Nile virus persists as another sample of mosquitoes in the county tests positive for the infection. (greenfieldreporter.com)
Adams noted mosquitoes with West Nile virus bite birds, infecting them with the virus, and that birds are small enough that the virus can build up in their bloodstreams enough to infect other mosquitoes that bite them. (greenfieldreporter.com)
One part of monitoring West Nile virus among mosquito samples is minimum infection rate, which is measured on a per-1,000-mosquitoes basis. (greenfieldreporter.com)
West Nile Virus is solely a mosquito-borne illness, meaning that it is only transmitted by mosquitoes and will not spread from human to human. (greenfieldreporter.com)
We want to make sure people understand where mosquitoes breed and how to protect themselves from getting West Nile virus," he said. (greenfieldreporter.com)
While there is no cure for West Nile virus, people can take steps to protect themselves from mosquitoes carrying the virus when outside by wearing insect repellent, long sleeves, pants and closed-toe shoes if possible. (greenfieldreporter.com)
West Nile virus is a viral infection acquired through the bite of infected mosquitoes in many areas of Africa, Europe, Australia, and the Americas. (tripprep.com)

Spraying for Zika will decrease the mosquito population and that will also help with other viruses, such as West Nile. (cdc.gov)
Zika and dengue fever viruses alter the scent of mice and humans they infect, researchers report in the 30 June issue of Cell . (scienceblog.com)
This doesn't augur well for city dwellers, who are already feeling the brunt of mosquito-borne tropical diseases such as chikungunya, dengue fever, West Nile virus, and Zika virus. (akdart.com)
The analysis, conducted by researchers from Rutgers, the University of California, Davis and the University of California, Santa Cruz, flies in the face of statements by environmental groups linking warmer temperatures to mosquito-borne ailments like the West Nile and Zika viruses. (akdart.com)
Zika virus is related to dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. (getjar.com)
This is the case of Zika, yellow fever, Dengue or West Nile viruses. (petfoodindustry.com)
Zika virus is a kind of flavivirus, and other flavivirus family members include dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever virus. (news-medical.net)
They found that the Zika antibodies also tightly stick to and defend against dengue type 1, and weakly stick to West Nile and dengue types 2 and 4. (news-medical.net)
They also determined structures showing how two antibodies recognize Zika and West Nile envelope domain III. (news-medical.net)
Will kill mosquito species that transmit West Nile Virus, Malaria, Dengue Fever and Zika Virus. (arbico-organics.com)

Some of these are malaria, dengue fever, and West Nile virus. (medlineplus.gov)
It spreads malaria , Yellow Fever, and West Nile Virus. (answers.com)
Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and West Nile virus are growing around the world. (crosswalk.com)
Other diseases, such as malaria and yellow fever, are far more common in tropical areas of the world. (mayoclinic.org)
If you or your kids contract malaria or yellow fever as a result of an encounter with mosquitos, or if there is a West Nile Virus outbreak in your neighborhood, I predict you will no longer care how Canada's bald eagle and peregrine falcon populations might be affected by DDT. (akdart.com)

Headache can be a prominent symptom of WNV fever, meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and it may or may not be present in poliomyelitis-like syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
West Nile meningitis (WNM) usually involves fever, headache, stiff neck and pleocytosis, an increase of white blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid. (wikipedia.org)
The paralysis can occur in the absence of fever, headache, or other common symptoms associated with WNV infection. (wikipedia.org)
In the other 20 percent, symptoms typically occur within three to 14 days after the bite and can include fever, headache, body aches, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes swollen lymph glands, or a rash on the chest, stomach and back. (drweil.com)
The main symptoms of West Nile fever are headache, vomiting, fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash or tiredness according to the NHS . (euroweeklynews.com)
Symptoms of West Nile include fever, headache, neck stiffness and confusion. (kget.com)
These might include a high fever, severe headache, body aches and signs of infection. (mayoclinic.org)
Common symptoms of West Nile virus infection include fever, headache, body aches and fatigue, according to the Mayo Clinic. (livescience.com)
The resultant fever causes headache muscle soreness, general aches and pains and in the worse cases, results in death. (wellnesspartners.com)
Mild infections can cause fever and headache, this type of infection is referred to as West Nile fever. (giantmicrobes.com)
Symptoms of West Nile virus include fever, headache, muscle and body aches and loss of appetite. (greenfieldreporter.com)
Symptoms commonly appear 2 to 6 days (up to 21 days in persons with weakened immune systems) following exposure and include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, nausea and vomiting, rash (on the trunk), eye pain, and enlarged lymph nodes. (tripprep.com)
WNV infection can result in a more severe disease called West Nile neuroinvasive disease in less than 1% of cases, with complications such as meningitis (characterized by high fever, headache, neck stiffness), brain inflammation (characterized by extreme tiredness/weakness, altered consciousness, confusion, and limb paralysis), or acute flaccid paralysis (characterized by limb weakness and paralysis). (tripprep.com)
Some people with yellow fever have no or mild symptoms, but others have more severe symptoms such as yellow skin (jaundice), fever, headache, muscle aches, and bleeding. (msdmanuals.com)

Increased spread of Aedes -borne viruses such as yellow fever, Chikungunya, or West Nile might soon follow. (the-scientist.com)

West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), which occurs in less than 1 percent of cases, is when the virus infects the central nervous system resulting in meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis or a poliomyelitis-like syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Since West Nile virus was first detected in the Western Hemisphere in 1999, it has become the leading cause in the U.S. of neuroinvasive disease among viruses transmitted by mosquito and tick bites, the report said. (livescience.com)

Its presentation can range from asymptomatic illness to acute-onset viral hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever. (medscape.com)
In 15%-25% of individuals with yellow fever, symptoms recur during the period of intoxication and can progress to fatal illness. (medscape.com)
FACTS: West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne illness primarily found in Africa, West Asia, and the Middle East. (giantmicrobes.com)
Most persons infected with the virus are symptom free, whereas about 20% develop a mild illness known as West Nile fever. (tripprep.com)
In mid-January, immediately after returning to the United States from a 10-day trip to the Caribbean, a man developed illness with fever, arthralgia, bilateral conjunctivitis, and a maculopapular, pruritic rash. (medscape.com)

Valley fever, multidrug-resistant typhoid fever and West Nile fever. (who.int)

But you can take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or aspirin, to relieve symptoms of West Nile virus such as muscle aches and headaches. (healthline.com)
Symptoms of West Nile can include fever and nausea. (cbsnews.com)

West Nile virus disease, St. Louis encephalitis virus disease,and disease caused by encephalitic California serogroup viruses, which all three affect inhabitants of temperate zones (but not limited to). (journalcra.com)

WNE presents with similar symptoms to other viral encephalitis with fever, headaches, and altered mental status. (wikipedia.org)
The major goal of this initiative is capacity building for the control of emerging viral vector-borne zoonotic diseases, with a clear focus on West Nile virus, Rift Valley fever virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. (wur.nl)
Because it's a viral condition, West Nile virus doesn't have a cure. (healthline.com)
Yellow fever is one of many causes of viral hemorrhagic fever . (medscape.com)
Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that occurs mainly in the tropics. (msdmanuals.com)
Yellow fever is one of the most easily recognized and historically important viral infections. (msdmanuals.com)

West Nile poliomyelitis (WNP), an acute flaccid paralysis syndrome associated with WNV infection, is less common than WNM or WNE. (wikipedia.org)
What Is West Nile Virus Infection (West Nile Fever)? (healthline.com)
Age is one of the most significant risk factors for developing severe symptoms from a West Nile infection. (healthline.com)
West Nile virus can elevate the white blood cell count in the fluid, which indicates an infection. (healthline.com)
Cases of West Nile Encephalitis or Meningitis , or Acute Flaccid Paralysis (severe muscle weakness associated with West Nile virus infection). (nyc.gov)
Rodrigo Hasbun] Well, we found that only approximately one third of patients with a brain infection get tested for West Nile virus. (cdc.gov)
Studies have shown that for every case of neuroinvasive West Nile virus infection, there are about 140 people infected with the virus. (livescience.com)
Signs of severe infection include high fever, stiff neck, disorientation and sudden weakness in the arms, legs or breathing muscles. (livescience.com)
Doctors suspect yellow fever when people living in an area where the infection is common have typical symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
Exclusion criteria: 1.Fever or any acute infection at time of immunization(Temporary exclusion criteria). (who.int)

Symptoms may range from mild, such as fever, to severe, such as paralysis and meningitis. (wikipedia.org)
West Nile meningoencephalitis is inflammation of both the brain (encephalitis) and meninges (meningitis). (wikipedia.org)
Fewer than one percent of people who get West Nile virus infections develop severe symptoms or neurological conditions such as meningitis or encephalitis. (healthline.com)
Sarah Gregory] I'm talking today with Dr. Rodrigo Hasbun about his study on West Nile virus testing in meningitis and encephalitis. (cdc.gov)
In the U.S. though, the most common arbovirus causing meningitis and encephalitis is West Nile virus. (cdc.gov)
Rodrigo Hasbun] There are other arboviruses that cause meningitis and encephalitis in the United States besides West Nile. (cdc.gov)
However, in certain cases (less than 1%), West Nile virus penetrates the tissue in or around the brain and spinal cord, causing encephalitis and meningitis. (giantmicrobes.com)

While West Nile virus can infect many animals (its impact on horses is commonly cited), it most frequently afflicts birds - and the presence of dead birds in a community can be a harbinger of a West Nile virus outbreak. (giantmicrobes.com)

Rodrigo Hasbun] Well, West Nile virus has become endemic in the United States since 1999 and there's annual epidemics. (cdc.gov)
And we hope this study would bring awareness so we can increase testing for West Nile in the endemic season and decrease testing in the nonendemic season. (cdc.gov)
Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne disease that is endemic to tropical South America and Sub-Saharan Africa (see the image below). (medscape.com)
A vaccine is available for use by people residing in endemic countries and for travelers to areas where yellow fever is common, but avoiding mosquito bites is also important. (msdmanuals.com)

West Nile, dengue fever and some types of encephalitis occur in the United States. (mayoclinic.org)

In Europe, surveillance indicates that the 2018 West Nile fever transmission season started earlier than in previous years and with a steeper increase of locally-acquired human infections. (eurosurveillance.org)
Treatment is supportive for patients with neuro-invasive West Nile virus, often involving hospitalization, intravenous fluids, respiratory support, and prevention of secondary infections. (nammakpsc.com)
There were 1,021 cases of West Nile infections reported in the U.S. last year, and 629 of these were neuroinvasive, meaning the infected person developed the severe form of the disease. (livescience.com)
Overall, 718 people were hospitalized for West Nile infections, and 57 died, including 54 who had neuroinvasive infections, the report said. (livescience.com)
The number of severe West Nile virus infections increased in 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. (livescience.com)

The A aegypti mosquito is a known transmitter of dengue fever and yellow fever. (medscape.com)

Symptoms of a brown recluse bug bite include severe pain at the site of the bite that develops about four hours after the bite, followed by severe itching, nausea, vomiting, fever, and muscle pain. (rxlist.com)
Some people then recover, but others develop a high fever, nausea, vomiting, and severe generalized pain a few hours or days after the initial symptoms subside. (msdmanuals.com)

This can determine whether you have genetic material or antibodies in your blood associated with West Nile virus. (healthline.com)
Rodrigo Hasbun] Because again the virus has been spreading from the East to the West coast and patients that have exposed to the virus develop West Nile antibodies that make them resistant to get West Nile again and because the virus was introduced in the East coast, more patients in the East coast have been exposed than those in the West coast. (cdc.gov)
Doctors diagnose yellow fever by growing (culturing) the virus, by doing blood tests to detect antibodies to the virus, or by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to help identify the virus's genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

Very rarely, the West Nile virus causes a fever with neck stiffness, shaking, confusion or other serious symptoms. (stclair.org)

It followed the detection of the county's first West Nile virus-positive mosquito pool of 2022 last month also in the town. (greenfieldreporter.com)

West Nile fever is a mild form of disease caused by the West Nile virus. (stclair.org)
The rare, serious disease caused by the West Nile virus requires hospital care. (stclair.org)
The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (mdpi.com)
Cases of the severe form of West Nile virus rose in 2010, says a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (livescience.com)
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has reported a case of West Nile virus (WNV) in La Spezia, north west Italy in the week before 8 July 2021. (fitfortravel.nhs.uk)
however, these insects can carry serious diseases including Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. (rxlist.com)
This issue covers the period 26 August-1 September 2018, and includes updates on Vibrio growth in the Baltic Sea, West Nile virus, Ebola virus disease, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and cholera in Algeria. (europa.eu)

West Nile fever (WNF), which occurs in 20 percent of cases, is a febrile syndrome that causes flu-like symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
Spatial distribution of West Nile virus-infected horse herds (gray dots), virus-negative horse herds (white dots), and human cases (black dots) in Andalusia (southern Spain) at the end of 2010. (cdc.gov)
In most cases, your doctor can diagnose West Nile virus with a simple blood test. (healthline.com)
ECDC is providing, for the current transmission season, weekly updates on the reported cases of West Nile fever in humans in the EU Member States and neighbouring countries (i.e. those included in WHO European region and/or bordering the Mediterranean Sea). (europa.eu)
The updates are based on information obtained from the countries' health authorities and refer to human autochthonous cases of West Nile fever only. (europa.eu)
And more recently, all the cases, the majority of cases have been described in the West coast where more people are probably more susceptible to the virus. (cdc.gov)
Since the start of the West Nile virus trasmission season in 2014, a total of 42 cases of West Nile fever have been reported in the EU, as of 18 September. (fitfortravel.nhs.uk)
So far this year there have been nearly 90 human cases of West Nile reported across the state. (cbsnews.com)
Statewide, there were 197 human cases of West Nile reported across 24 counties through Jan. 4, the majority of which came from Los Angeles County, according to the department. (kget.com)
This week, Greece reported 20 new West Nile fever (WNF) cases. (europa.eu)

Yellow fever occurs only in the tropical areas of Central Africa, southern Panama, and South America. (msdmanuals.com)

The currently available yellow fever vaccine confers near lifelong immunity in 95% of patients. (medscape.com)
An Open-Label, Randomized, Active Controlled, Phase I Clinical Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of SII Yellow Fever Vaccine in Healthy Adults. (who.int)
Live attenuated Yellow Fever Vaccine. (who.int)

In Texas, West Nile was first introduced in 2002 and every year we have epidemics. (cdc.gov)

Flaviviruses include West Nile virus and the virus that causes yellow fever, as well as Dengue virus. (news-medical.net)

External Data Spec West Nile fever maps The implementation of blood safety measures in the event of outbreaks of West Nile fever in humans is an important issue for the national competent authorities. (europa.eu)
But while West Nile outbreaks regularly attract a flood of media attention, about 80% of infected people experience no symptoms at all. (giantmicrobes.com)

According to the Commission Directive 2014/110/EU , efforts should be made to defer all blood donations from areas with ongoing transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to humans to prevent its onward spread. (europa.eu)
The objective of this project is to inform the competent authorities responsible for blood safety of areas with ongoing transmission of West Nile virus to humans in order to support their implementation of blood safety legislation. (europa.eu)

Casals [10] has shown 3 strains of Congo virus (Congo 3010, Uganda K2/61, Pakistan JD 206) to be atnigenically indistinguishable from each other and from the Drosdov strain of Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) by CF tests. (cdc.gov)

Epidemiology of West Nile in Europe and in the Mediterranean basin. (eurosurveillance.org)

Blood and spinal fluid specimens are tested for West Nile virus by the New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene. (nyc.gov)

A total of 124 presumptive West Nile viremic blood donors (PVDs) have been reported to ArboNET in 2004. (cdc.gov)
Blood donors are people who had no symptoms at the time of donating blood (people with symptoms are deferred from donating) through a blood collection agency, but whose blood tested positive when screened for the presence of West Nile virus. (nyc.gov)

If you have West Nile virus, you will typically show the first virus symptoms within three to 14 days of being bitten. (healthline.com)
The West Nile virus season is typically between June and October when the mosquitos are more active. (cdc.gov)

Zeller HG , Schuffenecker I . West Nile virus: an overview of its spread in Europe and the Mediterranean basin in contrast to its spread in the Americas. (eurosurveillance.org)
West Nile virus can't be spread by kissing or touching another person. (healthline.com)
West Nile virus is most commonly spread during the summer, especially between June and September. (healthline.com)
It has really spread from the East to the West coast. (cdc.gov)

West Nile occurs in most states within the U.S. (giantmicrobes.com)

A mosquito bite can turn into something much more severe if it infects you with the West Nile virus (sometimes called WNV). (healthline.com)

Interventions Against West Nile Virus, Rift Valley Fever Virus, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Where Are We? (wur.nl)
Its full name is Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. (india.com)

Interferon therapy is aimed at using substances produced by your immune system to treat encephalitis in people infected by West Nile virus. (healthline.com)

We have to balance the public health benefits - including preventing deaths from West Nile fever - against the relatively low risks of exposure to the pesticide. (drweil.com)
In the past, major epidemics of yellow fever caused tens of thousands of deaths. (msdmanuals.com)

Organisms5

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care1

West Nile fever--a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. (1/1137)

Entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of West Nile fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. (2/1137)

Update: West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. (3/1137)

Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. (4/1137)

Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitoes, crows, and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut. (5/1137)

Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. (6/1137)

Continued transmission of West Nile virus to humans in southeastern Romania, 1997-1998. (7/1137)

An outbreak of West Nile fever among migrants in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo. (8/1137)

West Nile Fever

West Nile virus

Disease Outbreaks

West Nile Virus Vaccines

Bird Diseases

Fever

Culex

Culicidae

Horse Diseases

Birds

Flavivirus

Encyclopedias as Topic

Blood Transfusion

Blood Donors

West Nile fever--a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. (1/1137)

Entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of West Nile fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. (2/1137)

Update: West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. (3/1137)

Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. (4/1137)

Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitoes, crows, and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut. (5/1137)

Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. (6/1137)

Continued transmission of West Nile virus to humans in southeastern Romania, 1997-1998. (7/1137)

An outbreak of West Nile fever among migrants in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo. (8/1137)

West Nile fever

List of West Nile virus outbreaks

Blood-borne disease

West Nile virus

Disease

Horses in Cuba

Blood donation

Barred owl

Quaternary extinction event

Glossary of medicine

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Flavivirus 5' UTR

Flavivirus 3' UTR

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Death of Alexander the Great

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United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine

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2007 Yap Islands Zika virus outbreak

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West Nile fever - Wikipedia

Figure - West Nile Fever Outbreak in Horses and Humans, Spain, 2010 - Volume 17, Number 12-December 2011 - Emerging Infectious...

Eurosurveillance | Early start of the West Nile fever transmission season 2018 in Europe

West Nile fever

West Nile Fever: Battling Bad Bugs - Ask Dr. Weil

Two Cases Of West Nile Fever Confirmed In Badajoz, Extremadura « Euro Weekly News

Interventions Against West Nile Virus, Rift Valley Fever Virus, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Where Are We? - WUR

ArboCat Virus: Congo (CONV)

Simultaneous detection of Zika, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses by a two-tube...

West Nile Virus Activity --- United States, September 8--14, 2004

Pediatric Aseptic Meningitis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

WEST NILE FEVER - NammaKPSC

Bug spray poisoning: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

WHO EMRO | Infectious disease outbreaks reported in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in 2018 | News | Epidemic and pandemic...

Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)

West Nile Virus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Call Transcript: December 8, 2016|Clinicians Outreach and Outreach Communication (COCA)

Topic of the Day - Japanese Encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue, West Nile Viruses

west-nile-virus-reports-2016

Episode 6: Brain on Rapid Fire: Viruses, Mycoses, Amoeba, and More

Current distribution of West Nile Virus infections - European Environment Agency

West Nile Virus Update --- United States, January 1--September 11, 2007

CASES - Prensa Latina

WOAH reported West Nile fever (WNV) in Neusiedl am See. Identified in an imperial eagle. | emergence-msd-animal-health-com