A rating of a body of water based on measurable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)
Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)
Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.
A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.
Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.
Water that is intended to be ingested.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Beaches, both natural and man-made, used for bathing and other activities.
Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.
Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).
Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.
The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.
A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Testing for the amount of biodegradable organic material in a water sample by measuring the quantity of oxygen consumed by biodegradation of those materials over a specific time period.
The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.
The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.
The enrichment of a terrestrial or aquatic ECOSYSTEM by the addition of nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, that results in a superabundant growth of plants, ALGAE, or other primary producers. It can be a natural process or result from human activity such as agriculture runoff or sewage pollution. In aquatic ecosystems, an increase in the algae population is termed an algal bloom.
Inland bodies of still or slowly moving FRESH WATER or salt water, larger than a pond, and supplied by RIVERS and streams.
'Water softening' is a water treatment process that reduces the hardness of water by removing calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations (such as iron and manganese) through the use of ion-exchange resins or other methods like nanofiltration or reverse osmosis.
Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.
Activity engaged in for pleasure.
Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.
A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Environmental reservoirs of water related to natural WATER CYCLE by which water is obtained for various purposes. This includes but is not limited to watersheds, aquifers and springs.
Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.
A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.
Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.
A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria consisting of organisms causing variable hemolysis that are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS, it is now recognized as a separate genus.
Norms, criteria, standards, and other direct qualitative and quantitative measures used in determining the quality of health care.
The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.
Contaminated water generated as a waste product of human activity.
The development and establishment of environmental conditions favorable to the health of the public.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Liquid water present beneath the surface of the earth.
The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary edema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and in the production of chlorinated lime, which is used in fabric bleaching.
Free-floating minute organisms that are photosynthetic. The term is non-taxonomic and refers to a lifestyle (energy utilization and motility), rather than a particular type of organism. Most, but not all, are unicellular algae. Important groups include DIATOMS; DINOFLAGELLATES; CYANOBACTERIA; CHLOROPHYTA; HAPTOPHYTA; CRYPTOMONADS; and silicoflagellates.
'Swimming pools' in a medical context typically refers to man-made bodies of water designed for swimming and other recreational activities, which can also serve as potential reservoirs for various infectious diseases if not properly maintained, including those transmitted through waterborne pathogens, fecal contamination, or poor water chemistry.
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Systems that provide all or most of the items necessary for maintaining life and health. Provisions are made for the supplying of oxygen, food, water, temperature and pressure control, disposition of carbon dioxide and body waste. The milieu may be a spacecraft, a submarine, or the surface of the moon. In medical care, usually under hospital conditions, LIFE SUPPORT CARE is available. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary)
The consumption of liquids.
Communications using an active or passive satellite to extend the range of radio, television, or other electronic transmission by returning signals to earth from an orbiting satellite.
The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.
Animals that have no spinal column.
A family of gram-positive bacteria in the order Lactobacillales, phylum Firmicutes.
A combustible, gaseous mixture of low-molecular weight PARAFFIN hydrocarbons, generated below the surface of the earth. It contains mostly METHANE and ETHANE with small amounts of PROPANE; BUTANES; and higher hydrocarbons, and sometimes NITROGEN; CARBON DIOXIDE; HYDROGEN SULFIDE; and HELIUM. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on and below the earth's surface, and atmosphere.
Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment.
A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual that concerns human interactions with nature and natural resources.
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Various material objects and items in the home. It includes temporary or permanent machinery and appliances. It does not include furniture or interior furnishings (FURNITURE see INTERIOR DESIGN AND FURNISHINGS; INTERIOR FURNISHINGS see INTERIOR DESIGN AND FURNISHINGS).
Cultivation of natural faunal resources of water. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
The nonexpendable items used by the dentist or dental staff in the performance of professional duties. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p106)
A genus of coccidian parasites of the family CRYPTOSPORIDIIDAE, found in the intestinal epithelium of many vertebrates including humans.
Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.
An area of water mostly surrounded by land, usually smaller than a gulf, and affording access to the sea.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Florida" is a geographical location and not a medical term or condition with a specific definition. It is the 27th largest state by area in the United States, located in the southeastern region of the country and known for its diverse wildlife, beautiful beaches, and theme parks. If you have any medical questions or terms that need clarification, please feel free to ask!
The attainment or process of attaining a new level of performance or quality.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tajikistan" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition; it is the name of a country located in Central Asia, officially known as the Republic of Tajikistan.
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.
Systems that provide for the maintenance of life in an isolated living chamber through reutilization of the material available, in particular, by means of a cycle wherein exhaled carbon dioxide, urine, and other waste matter are converted chemically or by photosynthesis into oxygen, water, and food. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)
Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.
Accumulations of solid or liquid animal excreta usually from stables and barnyards with or without litter material. Its chief application is as a fertilizer. (From Webster's 3d ed)
An agency in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government. It was created as an independent regulatory agency responsible for the implementation of federal laws designed to protect the environment. Its mission is to protect human health and the ENVIRONMENT.
Ecosystem and environmental activities, functions, or events.
A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.
Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.
A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.
Activities performed by humans.
Rendering pathogens harmless through the use of heat, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, etc.
A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, cocci to short rod-shaped ARCHAEA, in the family METHANOBACTERIACEAE, order METHANOBACTERIALES. They are found in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or other anoxic environments.
A membrane or barrier with micrometer sized pores used for separation purification processes.
Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.
Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.
The study of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION and the toxic effects of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS on the ECOSYSTEM. The term was coined by Truhaut in 1969.
A kingdom in southern Africa, within the republic of SOUTH AFRICA. Its capital is Maseru.
An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.
The science dealing with the establishment and maintenance of health in the individual and the group. It includes the conditions and practices conducive to health. (Webster, 3d ed)
The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
Minute free-floating animal organisms which live in practically all natural waters.
An activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the legs. Swimming as propulsion through water by the movement of limbs, tail, or fins of animals is often studied as a form of PHYSICAL EXERTION or endurance.
Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The application of industrial management practice to systematically maintain and improve organization-wide performance. Effectiveness and success are determined and assessed by quantitative quality measures.
A genus of flagellate intestinal EUKARYOTES parasitic in various vertebrates, including humans. Characteristics include the presence of four pairs of flagella arising from a complicated system of axonemes and cysts that are ellipsoidal to ovoidal in shape.
A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.
The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)
Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.
A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class.
Comprehensive planning for the physical development of the city.
The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.
The discarding or destroying of liquid waste products or their transformation into something useful or innocuous.
Marine ridges composed of living CORALS, coral skeletons, calcareous algae, and other organisms, mixed with minerals and organic matter. They are found most commonly in tropical waters and support other animal and plant life.
The withholding of water in a structured experimental situation.
The geographic area of the Great Lakes in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. It usually includes Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.
A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that oxidizes nitrites to nitrates. Its organisms occur in aerobic environments where organic matter is being mineralized, including soil, fresh water, and sea water.
Water waves caused by the gravitational interactions between the EARTH; MOON; and SUN.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Brazil" is not a medical term or concept, it is a country located in South America, known officially as the Federative Republic of Brazil. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or science, I'd be happy to help answer those!
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Ecuador" is a country in South America and not a medical term. The term you might be looking for is "ecdysone," which is a hormone found in arthropods that controls their molting process.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
'Health resorts' are establishments, often located in scenic or climatically favorable areas, that offer a range of services and facilities aimed at promoting, maintaining, or restoring the health and well-being of individuals, typically through a combination of medical treatments, therapeutic interventions, healthy lifestyle practices, and relaxation techniques.
A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The spectrum of different living organisms inhabiting a particular region, habitat, or biotope.
The routing of water to open or closed areas where it is used for agricultural purposes.
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Calamities producing great damage, loss of life, and distress. They include results of natural phenomena and man-made phenomena. Normal conditions of existence are disrupted and the level of impact exceeds the capacity of the hazard-affected community.
The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.
Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.
Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Ratings of the characteristics of food including flavor, appearance, nutritional content, and the amount of microbial and chemical contamination.
Covalent attachment of HALOGENS to other compounds.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nicaragua" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordering Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. It has both Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The term you might be looking for is "Nicotine," which is a highly addictive stimulant found in tobacco leaves and is used as an ingredient in various products, including cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and some medications.
A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.
Living facilities for humans.
Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Size and composition of the family.
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.
The discarding or destroying of garbage, sewage, or other waste matter or its transformation into something useful or innocuous.
A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".
A phylum of bacteria comprised of three classes: Bacteroides, Flavobacteria, and Sphingobacteria.
Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nebraska" is a state located in the central United States and does not have a medical definition. If you have any medical terms or concepts you would like defined, I would be happy to help!

Impact on diarrhoeal illness of a community educational intervention to improve drinking water quality in rural communities in Puerto Rico. (1/152)

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Determination of aluminium and physicochemical parameters in the palm oil estates water supply at Johor, Malaysia. (2/152)

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Quality of surface fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to be support fish life: 12 years of monitoring pursuant to European Union Directive 78/659/EEC. (3/152)

To implement European Union Directive 78/659/EEC concerning the quality of fresh waters that require protection or improvement in order to support fish life, the Abruzzo Regional Council commissioned the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale' (by Regional Law No. 50 of 10 August 1994, to conduct a census of the surface freshwaters in the region, and to classify them. The authors describe the freshwater classifications obtained through monitoring campaigns conducted over a period of twelve years (1996 to 2008). The results indicate slight improvements in the quality of the water over time in terms of contamination by chemicals for which they were monitored; however, 14 stretches do not comply with the requirements of the European Union Directive.  (+info)

Assessing the long term impact of phosphorus fertilization on phosphorus loadings using AnnAGNPS. (4/152)

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Investigation of spatial and temporal trends in water quality in Daya Bay, South China Sea. (5/152)

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Mobilization of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and estrogenic activity in simulated rainfall runoff from land-applied biosolids. (6/152)

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Drinking water quality and fluoride concentration. (7/152)

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Health effects of naturally radioactive water ingestion: the need for enhanced studies. (8/152)

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Water quality, in the context of public health and environmental medicine, refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water that determine its suitability for various uses, such as drinking, recreation, or industrial processes. The term encompasses a wide range of parameters, including but not limited to:

1. Microbial contaminants: Presence of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microorganisms that can cause waterborne diseases.
2. Chemical contaminants: Including heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), disinfection byproducts, and other potentially harmful substances.
3. Physical parameters: Such as temperature, turbidity (cloudiness), color, taste, and odor, which can affect the water's acceptability for different uses.
4. Radiological contaminants: Exposure to ionizing radiation from radioactive elements present in water sources.

Regulatory agencies establish guidelines and standards for water quality to protect public health and minimize potential adverse effects associated with exposure to contaminated water. Regular monitoring, treatment, and management of water sources are essential to ensure safe and reliable water supplies.

Medical definitions of water generally describe it as a colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for all forms of life. It is a universal solvent, making it an excellent medium for transporting nutrients and waste products within the body. Water constitutes about 50-70% of an individual's body weight, depending on factors such as age, sex, and muscle mass.

In medical terms, water has several important functions in the human body:

1. Regulation of body temperature through perspiration and respiration.
2. Acting as a lubricant for joints and tissues.
3. Facilitating digestion by helping to break down food particles.
4. Transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
5. Helping to maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes.
6. Assisting in the regulation of various bodily functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate.

Dehydration can occur when an individual does not consume enough water or loses too much fluid due to illness, exercise, or other factors. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion. Severe dehydration can be life-threatening if left untreated.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "water supply" is not a medical term per se. It is a general term used to describe the system or arrangement providing water for consumption or use, such as a public water supply system or a private well. However, in a medical context, it could refer to the source of water used in a healthcare facility for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and patient care, which must meet certain quality standards to prevent infection and ensure safety.

Water pollution is defined medically as the contamination of water sources by harmful or sufficient amounts of foreign substances (pathogens, chemicals, toxic compounds, etc.) which tend to interfere with its normal functioning and can have negative effects on human health. Such pollutants can find their way into water bodies through various means including industrial waste disposal, agricultural runoff, oil spills, sewage and wastewater discharges, and accidental chemical releases, among others.

Exposure to polluted water can lead to a range of health issues, from minor problems like skin irritation or stomach upset, to severe conditions such as neurological disorders, reproductive issues, cancer, and even death in extreme cases. It also poses significant risks to aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems and leading to the decline or extinction of various species. Therefore, maintaining clean and safe water supplies is critical for both human health and environmental preservation.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Fresh Water" is not a medical term. It is a term used to describe water that contains low concentrations of dissolved salts and other dissolved minerals. It is distinguished from saline water, which includes saltwater found in the ocean and brackish water found in estuaries. Fresh water is essential for many biological processes and is the primary source of water for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial use.

Quality of Life (QOL) is a broad, multidimensional concept that usually includes an individual's physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, personal beliefs, and their relationship to salient features of their environment. It reflects the impact of disease and treatment on a patient's overall well-being and ability to function in daily life.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines QOL as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns." It is a subjective concept, meaning it can vary greatly from person to person.

In healthcare, QOL is often used as an outcome measure in clinical trials and other research studies to assess the impact of interventions or treatments on overall patient well-being.

Water purification is the process of removing or reducing contaminants in water to make it safe and suitable for specific uses, such as drinking, cooking, irrigation, or medical purposes. This is typically achieved through physical, chemical, or biological methods, or a combination thereof. The goal is to eliminate or reduce harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, parasites, heavy metals, pesticides, and other pollutants that can cause illness or negatively impact human health, aquatic life, or the environment.

The specific purification methods used may vary depending on the nature of the contaminants and the desired level of purity for the intended use. Common techniques include filtration (using various types of filters like activated carbon, ceramic, or reverse osmosis), disinfection (using chemicals like chlorine or UV light to kill microorganisms), sedimentation (allowing particles to settle and be removed), and distillation (heating water to create steam, which is then condensed back into pure water).

Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to consume and meets the health-based standards established by regulatory agencies for human consumption. It is free from harmful levels of contaminants, including microorganisms, chemicals, radiological elements, and aesthetic factors such as taste, odor, and appearance.

Drinking water can come from various sources, including surface water (e.g., rivers, lakes), groundwater (e.g., wells), and treated wastewater that has undergone advanced purification processes. The treatment of drinking water typically involves several steps, such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection, to remove or inactivate pathogens and other contaminants.

Access to safe drinking water is essential for human health, as it helps prevent various waterborne diseases and ensures proper hydration. Regular monitoring and testing of drinking water sources and distribution systems are necessary to maintain the quality and safety of the water supply.

Water microbiology is not a formal medical term, but rather a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms found in water. It involves the identification, enumeration, and characterization of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microscopic organisms present in water sources such as lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater, drinking water, and wastewater.

In a medical context, water microbiology is relevant to public health because it helps to assess the safety of water supplies for human consumption and recreational activities. It also plays a critical role in understanding and preventing waterborne diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that can lead to illnesses such as diarrhea, skin infections, and respiratory problems.

Water microbiologists use various techniques to study water microorganisms, including culturing, microscopy, genetic analysis, and biochemical tests. They also investigate the ecology of these organisms, their interactions with other species, and their response to environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability.

Overall, water microbiology is a vital field that helps ensure the safety of our water resources and protects public health.

I'm not aware of a specific medical definition for "bathing beaches." The term "bathing beach" is commonly used to refer to a public shoreline area, such as on a lake or ocean, that is designated for swimming or bathing. However, in a public health context, the term might be used to describe a body of water where people are more likely to swim and therefore where water quality and safety need to be closely monitored.

Public health agencies may test the water at bathing beaches for contaminants such as bacteria or chemicals that could pose a risk to swimmers' health. If high levels of these contaminants are detected, the agency may issue an advisory or closure of the beach to protect public health. For example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets standards for water quality at bathing beaches and provides guidance to states and localities on monitoring and managing beach water quality.

Water pollutants refer to any substances or materials that contaminate water sources and make them unsafe or unsuitable for use. These pollutants can include a wide range of chemicals, microorganisms, and physical particles that can have harmful effects on human health, aquatic life, and the environment as a whole. Examples of water pollutants include heavy metals like lead and mercury, industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins, agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and microplastics. Exposure to water pollutants can cause a variety of health problems, ranging from minor irritations to serious illnesses or even death in extreme cases. Additionally, water pollution can have significant impacts on the environment, including harming or killing aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems, and reducing biodiversity.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Rivers" is not a medical term or concept. It is a geographical term referring to large, flowing bodies of water that usually empty into a sea or an ocean. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

Chemical water pollutants refer to harmful chemicals or substances that contaminate bodies of water, making them unsafe for human use and harmful to aquatic life. These pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and improper disposal of hazardous materials.

Examples of chemical water pollutants include heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium), pesticides and herbicides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and petroleum products. These chemicals can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms, disrupt ecosystems, and pose risks to human health through exposure or consumption.

Regulations and standards are in place to monitor and limit the levels of chemical pollutants in water sources, with the aim of protecting public health and the environment.

Environmental monitoring is the systematic and ongoing surveillance, measurement, and assessment of environmental parameters, pollutants, or other stressors in order to evaluate potential impacts on human health, ecological systems, or compliance with regulatory standards. This process typically involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources, such as air, water, soil, and biota, and using this information to inform decisions related to public health, environmental protection, and resource management.

In medical terms, environmental monitoring may refer specifically to the assessment of environmental factors that can impact human health, such as air quality, water contamination, or exposure to hazardous substances. This type of monitoring is often conducted in occupational settings, where workers may be exposed to potential health hazards, as well as in community-based settings, where environmental factors may contribute to public health issues. The goal of environmental monitoring in a medical context is to identify and mitigate potential health risks associated with environmental exposures, and to promote healthy and safe environments for individuals and communities.

"Quality control" is a term that is used in many industries, including healthcare and medicine, to describe the systematic process of ensuring that products or services meet certain standards and regulations. In the context of healthcare, quality control often refers to the measures taken to ensure that the care provided to patients is safe, effective, and consistent. This can include processes such as:

1. Implementing standardized protocols and guidelines for care
2. Training and educating staff to follow these protocols
3. Regularly monitoring and evaluating the outcomes of care
4. Making improvements to processes and systems based on data and feedback
5. Ensuring that equipment and supplies are maintained and functioning properly
6. Implementing systems for reporting and addressing safety concerns or errors.

The goal of quality control in healthcare is to provide high-quality, patient-centered care that meets the needs and expectations of patients, while also protecting their safety and well-being.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) analysis is a laboratory test used to determine the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms during the decomposition of organic matter in a sample of water. It is a measure of the pollution potential of a wastewater, with higher BOD values indicating greater pollution. The test involves measuring the difference in dissolved oxygen (DO) levels between a controlled incubation period (usually five days) and the initial DO level. The difference is reported as the BOD, typically expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or parts per million (ppm). This information helps in assessing the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes and monitoring water quality in rivers, streams, and other bodies of water.

I'm not aware of a medical definition for the term "water movements." It is possible that it could be used in a specific context within a certain medical specialty or procedure. However, I can provide some general information about how the term "water" is used in a medical context.

In medicine, "water" often refers to the fluid component of the body, which includes all the fluids inside and outside of cells. The movement of water within the body is regulated by various physiological processes, such as osmosis and hydrostatic pressure. Disorders that affect the regulation of water balance can lead to dehydration or overhydration, which can have serious consequences for health.

If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "water movements," I may be able to give a more specific answer.

Quality of health care is a term that refers to the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge. It encompasses various aspects such as:

1. Clinical effectiveness: The use of best available evidence to make decisions about prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care. This includes considering the benefits and harms of different options and making sure that the most effective interventions are used.
2. Safety: Preventing harm to patients and minimizing risks associated with healthcare. This involves identifying potential hazards, implementing measures to reduce errors, and learning from adverse events to improve systems and processes.
3. Patient-centeredness: Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values. This includes ensuring that patients are fully informed about their condition and treatment options, involving them in decision-making, and providing emotional support throughout the care process.
4. Timeliness: Ensuring that healthcare services are delivered promptly and efficiently, without unnecessary delays. This includes coordinating care across different providers and settings to ensure continuity and avoid gaps in service.
5. Efficiency: Using resources wisely and avoiding waste, while still providing high-quality care. This involves considering the costs and benefits of different interventions, as well as ensuring that healthcare services are equitably distributed.
6. Equitability: Ensuring that all individuals have access to quality healthcare services, regardless of their socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, gender, age, or other factors. This includes addressing disparities in health outcomes and promoting fairness and justice in healthcare.

Overall, the quality of health care is a multidimensional concept that requires ongoing evaluation and improvement to ensure that patients receive the best possible care.

Eutrophication is the process of excessive nutrient enrichment in bodies of water, which can lead to a rapid growth of aquatic plants and algae. This overgrowth can result in decreased levels of oxygen in the water, harming or even killing fish and other aquatic life. The primary cause of eutrophication is the addition of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, from human activities such as agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater discharge, and air pollution.

In advanced stages, eutrophication can lead to a shift in the dominant species in the aquatic ecosystem, favoring those that are better adapted to the high-nutrient conditions. This can result in a loss of biodiversity and changes in water quality, making it difficult for many organisms to survive.

Eutrophication is a significant global environmental problem, affecting both freshwater and marine ecosystems. It can lead to harmful algal blooms (HABs), which can produce toxins that are dangerous to humans and animals. In addition, eutrophication can impact water use for drinking, irrigation, recreation, and industry, making it a critical issue for public health and economic development.

I'm happy to help, but it seems there might be some confusion in your question. "Lakes" is not a medical term that has a specific definition in the context of medicine or healthcare. It is a geographical term used to describe large bodies of water surrounded by land. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or healthcare, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

Water softening is not a medical term, but rather a process used in water treatment. It refers to the removal of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and certain iron compounds that make water "hard." These minerals can cause scaling and other problems when water is heated or used in appliances and plumbing systems.

In a medical context, softened water may have implications for skin health, as hard water can leave deposits on the skin that can lead to dryness and irritation. However, there is no specific medical definition associated with 'water softening.'

Body water refers to the total amount of water present in the human body. It is an essential component of life and makes up about 60-70% of an adult's body weight. Body water is distributed throughout various fluid compartments within the body, including intracellular fluid (water inside cells), extracellular fluid (water outside cells), and transcellular fluid (water found in specific bodily spaces such as the digestive tract, eyes, and joints). Maintaining proper hydration and balance of body water is crucial for various physiological processes, including temperature regulation, nutrient transportation, waste elimination, and overall health.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "recreation" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Recreation generally refers to activities done for enjoyment, relaxation, or leisure. It could include various hobbies, sports, games, and other forms of entertainment. While certain recreational activities can have health benefits, such as improving physical fitness or reducing stress, "recreation" itself is not a medical concept.

Quality Assurance in the context of healthcare refers to a systematic approach and set of activities designed to ensure that health care services and products consistently meet predetermined standards of quality and safety. It includes all the policies, procedures, and processes that are put in place to monitor, assess, and improve the quality of healthcare delivery.

The goal of quality assurance is to minimize variability in clinical practice, reduce medical errors, and ensure that patients receive evidence-based care that is safe, effective, timely, patient-centered, and equitable. Quality assurance activities may include:

1. Establishing standards of care based on best practices and clinical guidelines.
2. Developing and implementing policies and procedures to ensure compliance with these standards.
3. Providing education and training to healthcare professionals to improve their knowledge and skills.
4. Conducting audits, reviews, and evaluations of healthcare services and processes to identify areas for improvement.
5. Implementing corrective actions to address identified issues and prevent their recurrence.
6. Monitoring and measuring outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness of quality improvement initiatives.

Quality assurance is an ongoing process that requires continuous evaluation and improvement to ensure that healthcare delivery remains safe, effective, and patient-centered.

Filtration in the medical context refers to a process used in various medical treatments and procedures, where a substance is passed through a filter with the purpose of removing impurities or unwanted components. The filter can be made up of different materials such as paper, cloth, or synthetic membranes, and it works by trapping particles or molecules based on their size, shape, or charge.

For example, filtration is commonly used in kidney dialysis to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood. In this case, the patient's blood is pumped through a special filter called a dialyzer, which separates waste products and excess fluids from the blood based on size differences between these substances and the blood cells. The clean blood is then returned to the patient's body.

Filtration is also used in other medical applications such as water purification, air filtration, and tissue engineering. In each case, the goal is to remove unwanted components or impurities from a substance, making it safer or more effective for use in medical treatments and procedures.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Water Resources" is not a term typically used in the medical field. It is more commonly found in environmental science, engineering, and policy contexts. Water resources refer to the various sources of water that are potentially useful or available for human use, such as surface waters (lakes, rivers, streams), groundwater, and stored/treated water supplies. The management and protection of water resources are crucial for public health, as access to clean and safe water is essential for preventing waterborne diseases and maintaining good hygiene practices.

Sewage is not typically considered a medical term, but it does have relevance to public health and medicine. Sewage is the wastewater that is produced by households and industries, which contains a variety of contaminants including human waste, chemicals, and other pollutants. It can contain various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can cause diseases in humans if they come into contact with it or consume contaminated food or water. Therefore, the proper treatment and disposal of sewage is essential to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and protect public health.

Enterobacteriaceae is a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. Many species within this family are capable of causing various types of infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. Some common examples of Enterobacteriaceae include Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella enterica.

These bacteria are typically characterized by their ability to ferment various sugars and produce acid and gas as byproducts. They can also be distinguished by their biochemical reactions, such as their ability to produce certain enzymes or resist specific antibiotics. Infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae can range from mild to severe, depending on the species involved and the overall health of the infected individual.

Some infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae include urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and foodborne illnesses. Proper hygiene, such as handwashing and safe food handling practices, can help prevent the spread of these bacteria and reduce the risk of infection.

Chemical water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater) with harmful chemicals or substances that negatively impact water quality and pose a threat to human health, aquatic life, and the environment. These chemical pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural activities, waste disposal, oil spills, and chemical accidents. Examples of chemical pollutants include heavy metals (such as mercury, lead, and cadmium), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other hazardous substances. These chemicals can have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on living organisms and can disrupt ecosystems, leading to decreased biodiversity and impaired ecological functions.

Enterococcus is a genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. They are part of the normal gut microbiota but can also cause a variety of infections, particularly in hospital settings. Enterococci are known for their ability to survive in harsh environments and can be resistant to many antibiotics, making them difficult to treat. Some species, such as Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, are more commonly associated with human infections.

In medical terms, an "Enterococcus infection" refers to an infection caused by any species of the Enterococcus genus. These infections can occur in various parts of the body, including the urinary tract, bloodstream, and abdominal cavity. They can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, and pain, depending on the location of the infection. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics that are effective against Enterococcus species, although resistance to multiple antibiotics is a growing concern.

Healthcare Quality Indicators (QIs) are measurable elements that can be used to assess the quality of healthcare services and outcomes. They are often based on evidence-based practices and guidelines, and are designed to help healthcare providers monitor and improve the quality of care they deliver to their patients. QIs may focus on various aspects of healthcare, such as patient safety, clinical effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, and efficiency. Examples of QIs include measures such as rates of hospital-acquired infections, adherence to recommended treatments for specific conditions, and patient satisfaction scores. By tracking these indicators over time, healthcare organizations can identify areas where they need to improve, make changes to their processes and practices, and ultimately provide better care to their patients.

Seawater is not a medical term, but it is a type of water that covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface. Medically, seawater can be relevant in certain contexts, such as in discussions of marine biology, environmental health, or water safety. Seawater has a high salt content, with an average salinity of around 3.5%, which is much higher than that of freshwater. This makes it unsuitable for drinking or irrigation without desalination.

Exposure to seawater can also have medical implications, such as in cases of immersion injuries, marine envenomations, or waterborne illnesses. However, there is no single medical definition of seawater.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "waste water" is not a term that is typically used in medical definitions. Wastewater is a term that is more commonly used in the fields of environmental science and engineering. Here is a definition from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):

Wastewater: Water that has been affected by human use and is no longer suitable for immediate reuse without treatment. Wastewater includes sewage, which is a combination of liquid wastes from homes, businesses, and industries, as well as runoff from streets and agricultural operations.

It's important to note that while wastewater may not be a medical term, there are certainly public health implications when it comes to the treatment and disposal of wastewater. Improperly treated wastewater can contain pathogens and other contaminants that can pose risks to human health.

Sanitation is the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human feces and urine, and the cleaning of homes, workplaces, streets, and other spaces where people live and work. This includes the collection, transport, treatment, and disposal or reuse of human waste, as well as the maintenance of hygienic conditions in these areas to prevent the spread of diseases.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines sanitation as "the use of toilets or latrines that safely dispose of human waste, as well as the safe management of human waste at the household, community, and national levels." Sanitation is an essential component of public health and is critical for preventing the spread of infectious diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, and polio.

Poor sanitation can have serious consequences for individuals and communities, including increased risk of disease and death, decreased productivity, reduced economic growth, and negative impacts on social and mental well-being. Providing access to safe sanitation is a key target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a goal to ensure that everyone has access to adequate and equitable sanitation by 2030.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

Groundwater, in the context of environmental or public health, is often referred to in relation to potential sources of drinking water or as a potential route of exposure for contaminants. However, groundwater itself is not a medical term, but rather a geological one. Here's a simple definition:

Groundwater is the water that saturates the pore spaces within soil and rock formations below the land surface of Earth. It's a significant source of fresh water for many uses, including drinking, agriculture, and industry. However, it can also be vulnerable to contamination from various sources, such as agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, or improper waste disposal. Therefore, protecting groundwater quality is a critical public health issue.

I apologize for any confusion, but "agriculture" is not a term that has a medical definition. Agriculture refers to the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants, and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. It is an important industry and practice that has been developed over thousands of years and continues to play a critical role in global food production and security.

Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. It is a member of the halogen group of elements and is the second-lightest halogen after fluorine. In its pure form, chlorine is a yellow-green gas under standard conditions.

Chlorine is an important chemical compound that has many uses in various industries, including water treatment, disinfection, and bleaching. It is also used in the production of a wide range of products, such as plastics, solvents, and pesticides.

In medicine, chlorine compounds are sometimes used for their antimicrobial properties. For example, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is a common disinfectant used to clean surfaces and equipment in healthcare settings. Chlorhexidine is another chlorine compound that is widely used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in medical and dental procedures.

However, it's important to note that exposure to high concentrations of chlorine gas can be harmful to human health, causing respiratory irritation, coughing, and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure to chlorine can also lead to more serious health effects, such as damage to the lungs and other organs.

Phytoplankton are microscopic photosynthetic organisms that live in watery environments such as oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers. They are a diverse group of organisms, including bacteria, algae, and protozoa. Phytoplankton are a critical component of the marine food chain, serving as primary producers that convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and nutrients into organic matter through photosynthesis. This organic matter forms the base of the food chain and supports the growth and survival of many larger organisms, including zooplankton, fish, and other marine animals. Phytoplankton also play an important role in global carbon cycling and help to regulate Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and releasing oxygen.

I'm not able to provide a medical definition for "swimming pools" as it is not a term that is typically used in the medical field. However, swimming pools are bodies of water designed for swimming and other recreational activities. They can be found in various settings such as residential homes, community centers, hotels, and fitness clubs. Swimming pools can contain either chlorinated or saltwater and should be properly maintained to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and algae that can cause illnesses.

If you have any medical concerns related to swimming or using swimming pools, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional for advice tailored to your specific situation.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "rain" is not a medical term. In general, rain refers to water droplets that fall from the sky as part of the Earth's weather cycle. These drops form when moisture in the air condenses and cools, creating clouds which eventually become heavy enough to release the collected water.

If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!

An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.

While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.

Life support systems are medical devices or equipment that provide necessary functions for patients who cannot breathe or maintain other vital functions on their own. These systems can include ventilators to assist with breathing, dialysis machines to perform kidney functions, and feeding tubes to provide nutrition. The goal of life support systems is to keep a patient alive while they receive treatment for an illness or injury, or until their body can function independently again.

The term "drinking" is commonly used to refer to the consumption of beverages, but in a medical context, it usually refers to the consumption of alcoholic drinks. According to the Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary, "drinking" is defined as:

1. The act or habit of swallowing liquid (such as water, juice, or alcohol)
2. The ingestion of alcoholic beverages

It's important to note that while moderate drinking may not pose significant health risks for some individuals, excessive or binge drinking can lead to a range of negative health consequences, including addiction, liver disease, heart disease, and increased risk of injury or violence.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Satellite Communications" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Satellite communications refers to the use of artificial satellites in space to provide communication links between various points on Earth. This technology is widely used in many fields including telecommunications, broadcasting, military, and transportation, but it is not a medical concept. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help with those instead!

The conservation of natural resources refers to the responsible use and management of natural resources, such as water, soil, minerals, forests, and wildlife, in a way that preserves their availability for future generations. This may involve measures such as reducing waste and pollution, promoting sustainable practices, protecting habitats and ecosystems, and engaging in careful planning and decision-making to ensure the long-term sustainability of these resources. The goal of conservation is to balance the needs of the present with the needs of the future, so that current and future generations can continue to benefit from the many goods and services that natural resources provide.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Invertebrates" is not a medical term. It is a term used in biology to describe a vast group of animals that do not have a vertebral column or spinal cord. This includes creatures such as insects, worms, starfish, and shellfish, among many others. They are classified as invertebrates because they lack a backbone, which is a characteristic of vertebrates, or animals that include humans and other mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

Enterococcaceae is a family of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci that are commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. They are known for their ability to survive in a wide range of environmental conditions, including high temperatures, salinity, and pH levels. Some species of Enterococcaceae can cause opportunistic infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions.

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the two most common species associated with human infections. These infections can include urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and intra-abdominal abscesses. Enterococcaceae are also known for their resistance to many antibiotics, making them difficult to treat in some cases.

It's worth noting that while Enterococcus species are part of the normal gut microbiota, they can sometimes cause infections when they enter other parts of the body, particularly in people with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), natural gas is not a medical term and does not have a specific medical definition. However, in general terms, natural gas is a fossil energy source that is primarily methane (CH4) but can also include small amounts of other gases such as ethane, propane, butane, and pentanes. It is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that have been buried for millions of years.

While natural gas is not a medical term, it is worth noting that exposure to natural gas or its components can have health effects in certain circumstances. For example, methane itself is not toxic, but it can cause asphyxiation if present in high concentrations in confined spaces, displacing the oxygen needed for breathing. Additionally, natural gas often contains small amounts of other gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which can be highly toxic even at low concentrations. Exposure to these components of natural gas can cause a range of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, nausea, and respiratory problems.

It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the potential health effects of natural gas exposure in certain situations, particularly when treating patients who work in or live near natural gas extraction sites or who have been exposed to natural gas leaks.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "hydrology" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental impacts of water usage.

However, if you meant to ask about "hemodynamics" or "hydrostatic equilibrium," these are medical terms related to fluid dynamics within the body:

1. Hemodynamics: This term refers to the study of blood flow or the circulation of blood in the body, including the forces involved (such as pressure and resistance) and the properties of the blood vessels. It is a crucial aspect of understanding cardiovascular function and disease.
2. Hydrostatic equilibrium: In medical terms, this concept relates to the balance between the forces exerted by fluids within the body, particularly in reference to the distribution of body fluids and the maintenance of fluid compartments (intracellular and extracellular). It is essential for maintaining proper physiological functioning.

Please let me know if you had a different term or concept in mind, and I would be happy to help further!

Bacterial load refers to the total number or concentration of bacteria present in a given sample, tissue, or body fluid. It is a measure used to quantify the amount of bacterial infection or colonization in a particular area. The bacterial load can be expressed as colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter (ml), gram (g), or other units of measurement depending on the sample type. High bacterial loads are often associated with more severe infections and increased inflammation.

Environmental policy refers to the regulations, guidelines, and practices established by federal, state, or local governments to protect natural resources, human health, and the environment from potential harm caused by human activities. These policies aim to balance economic development with environmental sustainability through various measures such as:

1. Setting standards for air and water quality, waste management, and hazardous substance handling.
2. Encouraging sustainable practices in industries, agriculture, transportation, and energy production.
3. Promoting conservation efforts, habitat restoration, and biodiversity preservation.
4. Implementing monitoring programs to assess environmental impacts and enforce regulations.
5. Providing education and awareness campaigns to engage the public in environmentally responsible behaviors.

Environmental policies can be mandatory or voluntary and may involve various stakeholders, including government agencies, businesses, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and communities. The primary goal of environmental policy is to minimize negative human impacts on ecosystems while promoting a healthy and sustainable environment for present and future generations.

A "colony count" is a method used to estimate the number of viable microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, in a sample. In this technique, a known volume of the sample is spread onto the surface of a solid nutrient medium in a petri dish and then incubated under conditions that allow the microorganisms to grow and form visible colonies. Each colony that grows on the plate represents an individual cell (or small cluster of cells) from the original sample that was able to divide and grow under the given conditions. By counting the number of colonies that form, researchers can make a rough estimate of the concentration of microorganisms in the original sample.

The term "microbial" simply refers to microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Therefore, a "colony count, microbial" is a general term that encompasses the use of colony counting techniques to estimate the number of any type of microorganism in a sample.

Colony counts are used in various fields, including medical research, food safety testing, and environmental monitoring, to assess the levels of contamination or the effectiveness of disinfection procedures. However, it is important to note that colony counts may not always provide an accurate measure of the total number of microorganisms present in a sample, as some cells may be injured or unable to grow under the conditions used for counting. Additionally, some microorganisms may form clusters or chains that can appear as single colonies, leading to an overestimation of the true cell count.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Household Articles" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It generally refers to items or goods used in a household for everyday activities, such as cleaning supplies, dishes, furniture, and personal care products. However, in a medical context, it may refer to items that are commonly found in a household and could potentially pose a risk for injury or illness, such as medications, sharp objects, or cleaning products. It's always important to keep these items out of reach of children and pets, and to follow proper safety guidelines when using them.

Aquaculture is the controlled cultivation and farming of aquatic organisms, such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic plants, in both freshwater and saltwater environments. It involves the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of these organisms under controlled conditions to produce food, feed, recreational resources, and other products for human use. Aquaculture can take place in a variety of systems, including ponds, raceways, tanks, and cages, and it is an important source of protein and livelihoods for many people around the world.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geologic sediments" is not a term used in medical definitions. Geological sediments are deposits of material that accumulate over time, usually in layers, as a result of natural geological processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition. These sediments can eventually become rock formations and provide important clues about the Earth's history, including information about past climates, environments, and life on Earth.

Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.

Dental equipment refers to the various instruments and devices used by dental professionals to perform oral health examinations, diagnose dental conditions, and provide treatment to patients. Here are some examples:

1. Dental chair: A specially designed chair that allows patients to recline while receiving dental care.
2. Examination light: A bright light used to illuminate the oral cavity during examinations and procedures.
3. Dental mirror: A small, angled mirror used to help dentists see hard-to-reach areas of the mouth.
4. Explorer: A sharp instrument used to probe teeth for signs of decay or other dental problems.
5. Dental probe: A blunt instrument used to measure the depth of periodontal pockets and assess gum health.
6. Scaler: A handheld instrument or ultrasonic device used to remove tartar and calculus from teeth.
7. Suction device: A vacuum-like tool that removes saliva, water, and debris from the mouth during procedures.
8. Dental drill: A high-speed instrument used to remove decayed or damaged tooth structure and prepare teeth for fillings, crowns, or other restorations.
9. Rubber dam: A thin sheet of rubber used to isolate individual teeth during procedures, keeping them dry and free from saliva.
10. Dental X-ray machine: A device that uses radiation to capture images of the teeth and surrounding structures, helping dentists diagnose conditions such as decay, infection, and bone loss.
11. Curing light: A special light used to harden dental materials, such as composite fillings and crowns, after they have been placed in the mouth.
12. Air/water syringe: A handheld device that delivers a stream of air and water to clean teeth and rinse away debris during procedures.

Cryptosporidium is a genus of protozoan parasites that can cause the diarrheal disease known as cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals. These microscopic pathogens infect the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the small intestine, leading to symptoms such as watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration.

Cryptosporidium parasites have a complex life cycle, including several developmental stages within host cells. They are protected by an outer shell called oocyst, which allows them to survive outside the host's body for extended periods, making them resistant to chlorine-based disinfectants commonly used in water treatment.

Transmission of Cryptosporidium occurs through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated water or food, or direct contact with infected individuals or animals. People at higher risk for severe illness include young children, elderly people, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems due to HIV/AIDS, cancer treatment, or organ transplantation.

Preventive measures include proper hand hygiene, avoiding consumption of untreated water or raw fruits and vegetables likely to be contaminated, and practicing safe sex. For immunocompromised individuals, antiparasitic medications such as nitazoxanide may help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "industrial waste" is not a term that has a medical definition. Industrial waste is a term used to describe waste produced by industrial activities, such as manufacturing, mining, and construction. It can include a wide variety of materials, including chemicals, metals, soil, and water. Proper management and disposal of industrial waste are important for protecting the environment and public health. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terminology, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

I apologize for any confusion, but "Bays" is not a medical term or abbreviation in common use. It's possible that you may have heard this term used in a different context, such as in anatomy to describe a body of water (like a bay in geography), or it could be a typo. If you have more context or information about where you encountered this term, I'd be happy to help you further!

I'm not aware of any medical definition for the term "Florida." It is primarily used to refer to a state in the United States located in the southeastern region. If you have any specific medical context in which this term was used, please let me know and I will do my best to provide a relevant answer.

Quality improvement (QI) in a healthcare setting is a systematic and continuous approach to improving patient care and outcomes by identifying and addressing gaps or deficiencies in care processes, protocols, and systems. It involves the use of evidence-based practices, data analysis, and performance measurement to drive changes that lead to improvements in the quality, safety, and efficiency of healthcare services.

QI aims to reduce variations in practice, eliminate errors, prevent harm, and ensure that patients receive the right care at the right time. It is a collaborative process that involves healthcare professionals, patients, families, and other stakeholders working together to identify opportunities for improvement and implement changes that lead to better outcomes. QI initiatives may focus on specific clinical areas, such as improving diabetes management or reducing hospital-acquired infections, or they may address broader system issues, such as improving patient communication or reducing healthcare costs.

QI is an ongoing process that requires a culture of continuous learning and improvement. Healthcare organizations that prioritize QI are committed to measuring their performance, identifying areas for improvement, testing new approaches, and sharing their successes and failures with others in the field. By adopting a QI approach, healthcare providers can improve patient satisfaction, reduce costs, and enhance the overall quality of care they provide.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tajikistan" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in Central Asia. Tajikistan is a sovereign state, bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. The capital city of Tajikistan is Dushanbe. If you have any questions about medical topics or terminology, I would be happy to help answer those for you.

Diarrhea is a condition in which an individual experiences loose, watery stools frequently, often exceeding three times a day. It can be acute, lasting for several days, or chronic, persisting for weeks or even months. Diarrhea can result from various factors, including viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections, food intolerances, medications, and underlying medical conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome. Dehydration is a potential complication of diarrhea, particularly in severe cases or in vulnerable populations like young children and the elderly.

An ecological system that is closed is a type of ecosystem where there is no exchange of energy, matter, or organisms with the outside environment. It is a self-sustaining system that is able to maintain its own balance and stability without any external inputs or outputs. In a closed ecological system, all the necessary resources for the survival and growth of the organisms within it are recycled and reused, with no waste products leaving the system.

Examples of closed ecological systems are rare in nature, as most ecosystems are open and interconnected with other systems. However, there are some artificial systems that have been designed to be closed, such as space stations or life support systems for spacecraft. These systems are designed to recycle and reuse all resources, including water, air, and nutrients, in order to sustain human life in space.

It is important to note that while a closed ecological system may seem like an ideal model for sustainability, it can also be vulnerable to disturbances and fluctuations within the system. For example, if one species becomes too dominant or if there is a sudden change in environmental conditions, it can have cascading effects on the entire system, potentially leading to its collapse. Therefore, maintaining the balance and stability of a closed ecological system requires careful monitoring and management.

Environmental pollution is the introduction or presence of harmful substances, energies, or objects in the environment that can cause adverse effects on living organisms and ecosystems. These pollutants can be in the form of chemical, physical, or biological agents that contaminate air, water, soil, or noise levels, exceeding safe limits established by environmental regulations.

Examples of environmental pollution include:

1. Air pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air that can cause respiratory and other health problems.
2. Water pollution: Contamination of water sources with chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, or other pollutants that can harm aquatic life and make the water unsafe for human consumption or recreational use.
3. Soil pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial waste in soil that can reduce soil fertility, contaminate crops, and pose a risk to human health.
4. Noise pollution: Excessive noise levels from transportation, industrial activities, or other sources that can cause stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss in humans and animals.
5. Light pollution: The excessive use of artificial light that can disrupt ecosystems, affect human circadian rhythms, and contribute to energy waste.

Environmental pollution is a significant global health issue that requires urgent attention and action from governments, industries, and individuals to reduce pollutant emissions, promote sustainable practices, and protect the environment for future generations.

"Manure" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. However, it is commonly referred to in agriculture and horticulture. Manure is defined as organic matter, such as animal feces and urine, that is used as a fertilizer to enrich and amend the soil. It is often rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. While manure can be beneficial for agriculture and gardening, it can also pose risks to human health if not handled properly due to the potential presence of pathogens and other harmful substances.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is not a medical term or concept. However, I can provide you with a general definition:

The EPA is an independent agency of the federal government of the United States, responsible for protecting public health and the environment by enforcing regulations based on federal laws. The agency conducts environmental assessment, education, research, and regulation of various voluntary and compulsory programs in the US to address issues related to toxic substances, air and water quality, solid waste management, radiation protection, and hazardous waste management.

Ecological and environmental processes refer to the complex interactions and relationships between living organisms and their physical surroundings. These processes can be biological, chemical, or physical in nature and they play a critical role in shaping the distribution and abundance of species, as well as the overall health and functioning of ecosystems.

Biological processes include things like predation, competition, and symbiosis, which describe how organisms interact with one another for resources and survival. Chemical processes involve the cycling of nutrients and energy through an ecosystem, such as the carbon cycle or nitrogen cycle. Physical processes include things like weather patterns, geological formations, and water cycles, which can all impact the distribution and diversity of species in an area.

Environmental processes can also refer to human activities that impact the environment, such as pollution, land use changes, and climate change. These processes can have significant consequences for both natural ecosystems and human health, making it essential to understand and manage them effectively.

Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is required by every cell in the body for normal functioning. It is a key component of several important biomolecules, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary source of energy for cells, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which are the genetic materials in cells.

Phosphorus is also a major constituent of bones and teeth, where it combines with calcium to provide strength and structure. In addition, phosphorus plays a critical role in various metabolic processes, including energy production, nerve impulse transmission, and pH regulation.

The medical definition of phosphorus refers to the chemical element with the atomic number 15 and the symbol P. It is a highly reactive non-metal that exists in several forms, including white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus. In the body, phosphorus is primarily found in the form of organic compounds, such as phospholipids, phosphoproteins, and nucleic acids.

Abnormal levels of phosphorus in the body can lead to various health problems. For example, high levels of phosphorus (hyperphosphatemia) can occur in patients with kidney disease or those who consume large amounts of phosphorus-rich foods, and can contribute to the development of calcification of soft tissues and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, low levels of phosphorus (hypophosphatemia) can occur in patients with malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, or alcoholism, and can lead to muscle weakness, bone pain, and an increased risk of infection.

Nephelometry and turbidimetry are methods used in clinical laboratories to measure the amount of particles, such as proteins or cells, present in a liquid sample. The main difference between these two techniques lies in how they detect and quantify the particles.

1. Nephelometry: This is a laboratory method that measures the amount of light scattered by suspended particles in a liquid medium at a 90-degree angle to the path of the incident light. When light passes through a sample containing particles, some of the light is absorbed, while some is scattered in various directions. In nephelometry, a light beam is shone into the sample, and a detector measures the intensity of the scattered light at a right angle to the light source. The more particles present in the sample, the higher the intensity of scattered light, which correlates with the concentration of particles in the sample. Nephelometry is often used to measure the levels of immunoglobulins, complement components, and other proteins in serum or plasma.

2. Turbidimetry: This is another laboratory method that measures the amount of light blocked or absorbed by suspended particles in a liquid medium. In turbidimetry, a light beam is shone through the sample, and the intensity of the transmitted light is measured. The more particles present in the sample, the more light is absorbed or scattered, resulting in lower transmitted light intensity. Turbidimetric measurements are typically reported as percent transmittance, which is the ratio of the intensity of transmitted light to that of the incident light expressed as a percentage. Turbidimetry can be used to measure various substances, such as proteins, cells, and crystals, in body fluids like urine, serum, or plasma.

In summary, nephelometry measures the amount of scattered light at a 90-degree angle, while turbidimetry quantifies the reduction in transmitted light intensity due to particle presence. Both methods are useful for determining the concentration of particles in liquid samples and are commonly used in clinical laboratories for diagnostic purposes.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. The term "fishes" is not typically used in a medical context. "Fish" or "fishes" refers to any aquatic organism belonging to the taxonomic class Actinopterygii (bony fish), Chondrichthyes (sharks and rays), or Agnatha (jawless fish).

However, if you are referring to a condition related to fish or consuming fish, there is a medical issue called scombroid fish poisoning. It's a foodborne illness caused by eating spoiled or improperly stored fish from the Scombridae family, which includes tuna, mackerel, and bonito, among others. The bacteria present in these fish can produce histamine, which can cause symptoms like skin flushing, headache, diarrhea, and itchy rash. But again, this is not related to the term "fishes" itself but rather a condition associated with consuming certain types of fish.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Human Activities" is a very broad term and not something that typically has a specific medical definition. Human activities can encompass everything from physical movement like exercise or daily chores, to mental activities like work or hobbies, to social interactions, and more.

However, in a medical context, human activities might be discussed in terms of their impact on health. For example, certain activities could be considered "healthy" if they contribute to physical fitness, stress reduction, or overall well-being. Conversely, other activities might be seen as "risky" or "unhealthy" if they increase the likelihood of injury or disease.

If you're looking for information on a more specific concept related to human activities and health, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate response.

Disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing harmful microorganisms from inanimate objects and surfaces through the use of chemicals, heat, or other methods. The goal of disinfection is to reduce the number of pathogens to a level that is considered safe for human health. Disinfection is an important step in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings, food processing facilities, and other environments where there is a risk of infection transmission.

It's important to note that disinfection is not the same as sterilization, which is the complete elimination of all microorganisms, including spores. Disinfection is generally less effective than sterilization but is often sufficient for most non-critical surfaces and objects. The choice between disinfection and sterilization depends on the level of risk associated with the item or surface being treated and the intended use of that item or surface.

Methanobrevibacter is a genus of archaea (single-celled microorganisms) that are methanogens, meaning they produce methane as a metabolic byproduct. These organisms are commonly found in the digestive tracts of animals, including humans, where they help break down organic matter and recycle nutrients. They are strict anaerobes, requiring an environment free of oxygen to survive and grow. Some species within this genus have been associated with dental diseases such as periodontitis. However, more research is needed to fully understand their role in human health and disease.

Micropore filters are medical devices used to filter or sterilize fluids and gases. They are made of materials like cellulose, mixed cellulose ester, or polyvinylidene fluoride with precise pore sizes, typically ranging from 0.1 to 10 micrometers in diameter. These filters are used to remove bacteria, fungi, and other particles from solutions in laboratory and medical settings, such as during the preparation of injectable drugs, tissue culture media, or sterile fluids for medical procedures. They come in various forms, including syringe filters, vacuum filters, and bottle-top filters, and are often used with the assistance of a vacuum or positive pressure to force the fluid through the filter material.

Fertilizers are substances that are added to soil to provide nutrients necessary for plant growth and development. They typically contain macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in forms that can be readily taken up by plants. These three nutrients are essential for photosynthesis, energy transfer, and the production of proteins, nucleic acids, and other vital plant compounds.

Fertilizers may also contain secondary nutrients like calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) as well as micronutrients such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo). These elements play crucial roles in various plant metabolic processes, including enzyme activation, chlorophyll synthesis, and hormone production.

Fertilizers can be organic or synthetic. Organic fertilizers include materials like compost, manure, bone meal, and blood meal, which release nutrients slowly over time as they decompose. Synthetic fertilizers, also known as inorganic or chemical fertilizers, are manufactured chemicals that contain precise amounts of specific nutrients. They can be quickly absorbed by plants but may pose environmental risks if not used properly.

Proper fertilization is essential for optimal plant growth and crop yield. However, overuse or improper application of fertilizers can lead to nutrient runoff, soil degradation, water pollution, and other negative environmental impacts. Therefore, it's crucial to follow recommended fertilizer application rates and practices based on the specific needs of the plants and local regulations.

Nitrates are chemical compounds that consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms (NO3-). In the context of medical science, nitrates are often discussed in relation to their use as medications or their presence in food and water.

As medications, nitrates are commonly used to treat angina (chest pain) caused by coronary artery disease. Nitrates work by relaxing and widening blood vessels, which improves blood flow and reduces the workload on the heart. Some examples of nitrate medications include nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate.

In food and water, nitrates are naturally occurring compounds that can be found in a variety of vegetables, such as spinach, beets, and lettuce. They can also be present in fertilizers and industrial waste, which can contaminate groundwater and surface water sources. While nitrates themselves are not harmful, they can be converted into potentially harmful compounds called nitrites under certain conditions, particularly in the digestive system of young children or in the presence of bacteria such as those found in unpasteurized foods. Excessive levels of nitrites can react with hemoglobin in the blood to form methemoglobin, which cannot transport oxygen effectively and can lead to a condition called methemoglobinemia.

Ecotoxicology is the study of the harmful effects of chemicals and other stressors on living organisms and ecosystems in the environment. It involves investigating how these substances move through the environment, how they affect individual organisms, and how they impact the structure and function of whole ecosystems. The ultimate goal of ecotoxicology is to provide a scientific basis for managing the risks posed by environmental pollutants and protecting both human health and the environment.

The field of ecotoxicology draws on knowledge from a variety of disciplines, including toxicology, chemistry, biology, ecology, and environmental science. Ecotoxicologists use a range of techniques to study the effects of pollutants on organisms and ecosystems, including laboratory experiments, field studies, and computer modeling.

Some of the key topics studied in ecotoxicology include:

1. The sources, transport, and fate of environmental pollutants
2. The toxicity of chemicals to individual organisms, including their acute and chronic effects
3. The impacts of pollutants on populations, communities, and ecosystems
4. The development and validation of ecotoxicological tests and methods
5. The risk assessment and management of environmental pollutants

Overall, the field of ecotoxicology is critical for understanding and addressing the complex challenges posed by environmental pollution and protecting the health of both humans and the environment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lesotho" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in Southern Africa. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

Nitrogen is not typically referred to as a medical term, but it is an element that is crucial to medicine and human life.

In a medical context, nitrogen is often mentioned in relation to gas analysis, respiratory therapy, or medical gases. Nitrogen (N) is a colorless, odorless, and nonreactive gas that makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. It is an essential element for various biological processes, such as the growth and maintenance of organisms, because it is a key component of amino acids, nucleic acids, and other organic compounds.

In some medical applications, nitrogen is used to displace oxygen in a mixture to create a controlled environment with reduced oxygen levels (hypoxic conditions) for therapeutic purposes, such as in certain types of hyperbaric chambers. Additionally, nitrogen gas is sometimes used in cryotherapy, where extremely low temperatures are applied to tissues to reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation.

However, it's important to note that breathing pure nitrogen can be dangerous, as it can lead to unconsciousness and even death due to lack of oxygen (asphyxiation) within minutes.

Hygiene is the science and practice of maintaining and promoting health and preventing disease through cleanliness in personal and public environments. It includes various measures such as handwashing, bathing, using clean clothes, cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, proper waste disposal, safe food handling, and managing water supplies to prevent the spread of infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

In a medical context, hygiene is crucial in healthcare settings to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and ensure patient safety. Healthcare professionals are trained in infection control practices, including proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), environmental cleaning and disinfection, and safe injection practices.

Overall, maintaining good hygiene is essential for overall health and well-being, reducing the risk of illness and promoting a healthy lifestyle.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soil" is not a term that has a medical definition. Soil is defined as the top layer of earth in which plants grow, a mixture of organic material, clay, sand, and silt. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you.

Zooplankton are not a medical term, but they are an important concept in biology and ecology. Zooplankton refer to small, drifting or floating animals that live in watery environments such as oceans, seas, and freshwater bodies. They include various organisms like tiny crustaceans (such as copepods and krill), jellyfish, arrow worms, and larvae of larger aquatic animals. Zooplankton play a crucial role in food chains and nutrient cycling within aquatic ecosystems.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "swimming" is not typically considered a medical term. It refers to the act of moving through water using your arms and legs in a rhythmic pattern, often as a form of exercise, recreation, or competition. However, if you're referring to a medical condition related to swimming, such as "swimmer's ear" (otitis externa), I would be happy to provide a definition for that.

Swimmer's ear is a type of outer ear infection caused by water remaining in the ear after swimming or bathing, creating a moist environment that can lead to bacterial growth. It can also be caused by scratching or damaging the lining of the ear canal through the use of cotton swabs or other objects. Symptoms may include itching, redness, pain, and sometimes discharge from the ear. If left untreated, swimmer's ear can lead to more serious complications, such as hearing loss or damage to the inner ear.

Heavy metals are a group of elements with a specific gravity at least five times greater than that of water. They include metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl), and lead (Pb). These metals are considered toxic when they accumulate in the body beyond certain levels, interfering with various biological processes and causing damage to cells, tissues, and organs.

Heavy metal exposure can occur through various sources, including occupational exposure, contaminated food, water, or air, and improper disposal of electronic waste. Chronic exposure to heavy metals has been linked to several health issues, such as neurological disorders, kidney damage, developmental problems, and cancer. Monitoring and controlling exposure to these elements is essential for maintaining good health and preventing potential adverse effects.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is not a medical term per se, but rather a management approach that has been adopted in various industries, including healthcare. Here's a general definition:

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a customer-focused management framework that involves all employees in an organization in continuous improvement efforts to meet or exceed customer expectations. It is based on the principles of quality control, continuous process improvement, and customer satisfaction. TQM aims to create a culture where all members of the organization are responsible for quality, with the goal of providing defect-free products or services to customers consistently.

In healthcare, TQM can be used to improve patient care, reduce medical errors, increase efficiency, and enhance patient satisfaction. It involves the use of data-driven decision-making, process improvement techniques such as Lean and Six Sigma, and a focus on evidence-based practices. The ultimate goal of TQM in healthcare is to provide high-quality, safe, and cost-effective care to patients.

Giardia is a genus of microscopic parasitic flagellates that cause giardiasis, a type of diarrheal disease. The most common species to infect humans is Giardia intestinalis (also known as Giardia lamblia or Giardia duodenalis). These microscopic parasites are found worldwide, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and unsafe water.

Giardia exists in two forms: the trophozoite, which is the actively feeding form that multiplies in the small intestine, and the cyst, which is the infective stage that is passed in feces and can survive outside the body for long periods under appropriate conditions. Infection occurs when a person ingests contaminated water or food, or comes into direct contact with an infected person's feces.

Once inside the body, the cysts transform into trophozoites, which attach to the lining of the small intestine and disrupt the normal function of the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, dehydration, and weight loss. In some cases, giardiasis can cause long-term health problems, particularly in children, including malnutrition and developmental delays.

Preventing the spread of Giardia involves maintaining good hygiene practices, such as washing hands thoroughly after using the toilet or changing diapers, avoiding contaminated water sources, and practicing safe food handling and preparation. In cases where infection occurs, medication is usually effective in treating the illness.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Cities" is not a medical term or concept, but rather a geographical and sociopolitical one referring to large, densely populated urban areas. If you're looking for information about health-related topics associated with cities, I would be happy to help! For example, there are many public health issues that are closely linked to city living, such as air pollution, infectious diseases, and chronic conditions like obesity and heart disease. Please let me know if you have any specific questions in mind!

Ecology is not a medical term, but rather a term used in the field of biology. It refers to the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. This includes how organisms interact with each other and with their physical surroundings, such as climate, soil, and water. Ecologists may study the distribution and abundance of species, the flow of energy through an ecosystem, and the effects of human activities on the environment. While ecology is not a medical field, understanding ecological principles can be important for addressing public health issues related to the environment, such as pollution, climate change, and infectious diseases.

An oocyst is a thick-walled, environmentally resistant spore-like structure produced by some protozoan parasites, such as Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora, during their life cycle. These oocysts can survive for long periods in the environment and can infect a host when ingested, leading to infection and disease. The term "oocyst" is specific to certain groups of protozoan parasites and should not be confused with other types of spores produced by fungi or bacteria.

I must clarify that "Inorganic Chemicals" is a broad term related to the field of chemistry and not specifically within the realm of medicine. However, I can provide a general definition for you:

Inorganic chemicals are chemical substances that primarily consist of matter other than carbon-based compounds. They include metallic and non-metallic elements, along with their compounds, excluding carbon-hydrogen bonds (organic compounds). Examples of inorganic chemicals are salts, acids, and bases, as well as metal alloys and oxides.

In the context of medicine, certain inorganic chemicals can be used in medical treatments, such as lithium carbonate for bipolar disorder or potassium chloride as an electrolyte replenisher. However, some inorganic chemicals can also pose health risks depending on the type and level of exposure. For instance, lead and mercury are toxic heavy metals that can cause serious health problems if ingested or inhaled.

City planning, also known as urban planning, is the process of designing and managing the development of urban areas to create functional, sustainable, and livable spaces. It involves the integration of various disciplines, including architecture, engineering, sociology, environmental studies, and public health, to address the needs of a city's residents and ensure the optimal use of resources.

City planning encompasses several key components, such as land use planning, transportation planning, housing and neighborhood development, infrastructure development, and open space preservation. The goal is to create safe, healthy, and equitable communities that promote social, economic, and environmental sustainability.

In terms of public health, city planning plays a critical role in shaping the physical environment in which people live, work, and play. By creating walkable neighborhoods with easy access to parks, community facilities, and public transportation, city planners can encourage physical activity, reduce traffic congestion and air pollution, and promote social interaction and community engagement.

Moreover, city planning can help address health disparities by ensuring that all residents have equal access to essential services and resources, such as quality housing, healthy food options, and safe outdoor spaces. By working closely with public health professionals, city planners can develop evidence-based policies and strategies that promote health and well-being in urban areas.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

Fluid waste disposal in a medical context refers to the proper and safe management of liquid byproducts generated during medical procedures, patient care, or research. These fluids can include bodily excretions (such as urine, feces, or vomit), irrigation solutions, blood, or other biological fluids.

The process of fluid waste disposal involves several steps:

1. Collection: Fluid waste is collected in appropriate containers that are designed to prevent leakage and contamination.
2. Segregation: Different types of fluid waste may require separate collection and disposal methods based on their infectious or hazardous nature.
3. Treatment: Depending on the type and volume of fluid waste, various treatments can be applied, such as disinfection, sterilization, or chemical neutralization, to reduce the risk of infection or harm to the environment and personnel.
4. Disposal: Treated fluid waste is then disposed of according to local regulations, which may involve transporting it to a designated waste management facility for further processing or disposal in a safe and environmentally friendly manner (e.g., deep well injection, incineration, or landfilling).
5. Documentation and tracking: Proper records should be maintained to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and to enable effective monitoring and auditing of the waste disposal process.

It is essential to handle fluid waste disposal carefully to minimize the risk of infection, protect the environment, and maintain regulatory compliance. Healthcare facilities must adhere to strict guidelines and regulations regarding fluid waste management to ensure the safety of patients, staff, and the community.

Coral reefs are complex, underwater ecosystems formed by the accumulation of calcium carbonate structures secreted by colonies of corals. They provide habitat and protection for a wide variety of marine organisms, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and other invertebrates.

Coral reefs are found in shallow, tropical waters around the world, and they are often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea" due to their incredible biodiversity. They are formed over thousands of years as corals grow and reproduce, gradually building up layers of calcium carbonate structures known as skeletons.

There are several different types of coral reefs, including fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls. Fringing reefs are located close to the shore and are often found in areas with steep drop-offs. Barrier reefs are larger than fringing reefs and are separated from the shore by a lagoon or a body of water. Atolls are circular or ring-shaped reefs that surround a central lagoon.

Coral reefs provide many important ecosystem services, including coastal protection, nutrient cycling, and support for fisheries. However, they are facing numerous threats from human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change, which can lead to coral bleaching and death. Conservation efforts are underway to protect and restore these valuable ecosystems.

Water deprivation is a condition that occurs when an individual is deliberately or unintentionally not given access to adequate water for a prolonged period. This can lead to dehydration, which is the excessive loss of body water and electrolytes. In severe cases, water deprivation can result in serious health complications, including seizures, kidney damage, brain damage, coma, and even death. It's important to note that water is essential for many bodily functions, including maintaining blood pressure, regulating body temperature, and removing waste products from the body. Therefore, it's crucial to stay hydrated by drinking an adequate amount of water each day.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Great Lakes Region" is not a medical term. It generally refers to a geographical region in North America, comprising eight U.S. states and the Canadian province of Ontario around the Great Lakes. These are Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. If you have any medical terms you'd like defined, I'd be happy to help!

'Escherichia coli' (E. coli) is a type of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that commonly inhabits the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. It is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and one of the most well-studied prokaryotic model organisms in molecular biology.

While most E. coli strains are harmless and even beneficial to their hosts, some serotypes can cause various forms of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal illnesses in humans and animals. These pathogenic strains possess virulence factors that enable them to colonize and damage host tissues, leading to diseases such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and sepsis.

E. coli is a versatile organism with remarkable genetic diversity, which allows it to adapt to various environmental niches. It can be found in water, soil, food, and various man-made environments, making it an essential indicator of fecal contamination and a common cause of foodborne illnesses. The study of E. coli has contributed significantly to our understanding of fundamental biological processes, including DNA replication, gene regulation, and protein synthesis.

The term "environment" in a medical context generally refers to the external conditions and surroundings that can have an impact on living organisms, including humans. This includes both physical factors such as air quality, water supply, soil composition, temperature, and radiation, as well as biological factors such as the presence of microorganisms, plants, and animals.

In public health and epidemiology, the term "environmental exposure" is often used to describe the contact between an individual and a potentially harmful environmental agent, such as air pollution or contaminated water. These exposures can have significant impacts on human health, contributing to a range of diseases and disorders, including respiratory illnesses, cancer, neurological disorders, and reproductive problems.

Efforts to protect and improve the environment are therefore critical for promoting human health and preventing disease. This includes measures to reduce pollution, conserve natural resources, promote sustainable development, and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Arsenic is a naturally occurring semi-metal element that can be found in the earth's crust. It has the symbol "As" and atomic number 33 on the periodic table. Arsenic can exist in several forms, including inorganic and organic compounds. In its pure form, arsenic is a steel-gray, shiny solid that is brittle and easily pulverized.

Arsenic is well known for its toxicity to living organisms, including humans. Exposure to high levels of arsenic can cause various health problems, such as skin lesions, neurological damage, and an increased risk of cancer. Arsenic can enter the body through contaminated food, water, or air, and it can also be absorbed through the skin.

In medicine, arsenic has been used historically in the treatment of various diseases, including syphilis and parasitic infections. However, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited due to its toxicity. Today, arsenic trioxide is still used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a type of blood cancer. The drug works by inducing differentiation and apoptosis (programmed cell death) in APL cells, which contain a specific genetic abnormality. However, its use is closely monitored due to the potential for severe side effects and toxicity.

"Nitrobacter" is a genus of bacteria that are capable of oxidizing nitrite (NO2-) to nitrate (NO3-), which is the second step in the nitrogen cycle. These bacteria are chemolithotrophs, meaning they obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds. They play an essential role in wastewater treatment and natural environments by helping to remove excess nutrients and prevent eutrophication. Nitrobacter species are commonly found in soil, fresh water, and marine environments, where they exist in close association with other nitrogen-cycling bacteria.

I believe there might be a misunderstanding in your question. In medical terms, there is no definition for "tidal waves." However, the term "tidal wave" is commonly used in layman's language to refer to massive waves caused by earthquakes or underwater landslides, which are technically called tsunamis. Tsunamis are rapid, long-wavelength sea waves that can cause extensive coastal damage and loss of life.

If you meant a different term related to medicine or healthcare, please clarify so I can provide an accurate definition.

I apologize, but "Brazil" is not a medical term or condition. It is the largest country in both South America and Latin America by land area and population. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, please provide more information and I will do my best to help.

Temperature, in a medical context, is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment. It is usually measured using a thermometer and reported in degrees Celsius (°C), degrees Fahrenheit (°F), or kelvin (K). In the human body, normal core temperature ranges from about 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F) when measured rectally, and can vary slightly depending on factors such as time of day, physical activity, and menstrual cycle. Elevated body temperature is a common sign of infection or inflammation, while abnormally low body temperature can indicate hypothermia or other medical conditions.

Biodiversity is the variety of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in an ecosystem. It also includes the variety of genes within a species and the variety of ecosystems (such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and oceans) that exist in a region or on Earth as a whole. Biodiversity is important for maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, providing resources and services such as food, clean water, and pollination, and contributing to the discovery of new medicines and other useful products. The loss of biodiversity can have negative impacts on the functioning of ecosystems and the services they provide, and can threaten the survival of species and the livelihoods of people who depend on them.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Ecuador" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in South America, officially known as the "República del Ecuador." If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

Health resorts, also known as wellness retreats or spa towns, are places that offer a combination of medical treatments, therapies, and recreational activities to promote health, relaxation, and well-being. They are often located in areas with natural mineral springs, sea air, or other beneficial environmental factors.

Health resorts may provide various services such as:

1. Hydrotherapy: using water in the form of baths, showers, or wraps to promote relaxation and healing.
2. Balneotherapy: utilizing natural mineral waters for therapeutic purposes.
3. Massages and bodywork: providing different types of massages and manual therapies to relieve tension, improve circulation, and reduce stress.
4. Exercise programs: offering activities like yoga, Pilates, swimming, or hiking to enhance physical fitness and flexibility.
5. Nutritional counseling: providing guidance on healthy eating habits and personalized meal plans.
6. Mental health support: offering services like psychotherapy, mindfulness training, or stress management techniques.
7. Educational workshops: conducting seminars on topics related to health, wellness, and self-care.
8. Aesthetic treatments: providing beauty and skincare services such as facials, peels, or makeup consultations.

Health resorts can be an excellent option for individuals seeking a holistic approach to improving their physical, mental, and emotional well-being in a peaceful and supportive environment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "tropical climate" is not a medical term. It is a geographical term that refers to the climate of tropical regions, which are located around the equator. These regions are characterized by high temperatures and consistent rainfall throughout the year.

However, it's worth noting that certain environmental factors, such as climate, can have an impact on human health. For instance, tropical climates can contribute to the spread of certain diseases, like malaria and dengue fever, due to the presence of mosquitoes that thrive in warm, wet environments. But a "tropical climate" itself is not a medical condition or diagnosis.

'Biota' is a term that refers to the total collection of living organisms in a particular habitat, ecosystem, or region. It includes all forms of life such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Biota can be used to describe the communities of living things in a specific area, like a forest biota or marine biota, and it can also refer to the study of these organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment. In medical contexts, 'biota' may specifically refer to the microorganisms that inhabit the human body, such as the gut microbiota.

Agricultural irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops. It involves supplying water to plants and soil through various methods, such as sprinklers, drip systems, or flood irrigation. The purpose of agricultural irrigation is to ensure that crops receive a consistent supply of water, which can be particularly important in dry or arid regions where rainfall may not be sufficient to support crop growth.

Irrigation can also help to improve crop yields and quality, as well as to protect against the effects of drought. However, it is important to manage irrigation systems efficiently to conserve water resources and prevent environmental impacts such as soil erosion and waterlogging.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that are among the earliest known life forms on Earth. They are typically characterized as having a cell wall and no membrane-bound organelles. The majority of bacteria have a prokaryotic organization, meaning they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Bacteria exist in diverse environments and can be found in every habitat on Earth, including soil, water, and the bodies of plants and animals. Some bacteria are beneficial to their hosts, while others can cause disease. Beneficial bacteria play important roles in processes such as digestion, nitrogen fixation, and biogeochemical cycling.

Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission or budding, and some species can also exchange genetic material through conjugation. They have a wide range of metabolic capabilities, with many using organic compounds as their source of energy, while others are capable of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Bacteria are highly adaptable and can evolve rapidly in response to environmental changes. This has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in some species, which poses a significant public health challenge. Understanding the biology and behavior of bacteria is essential for developing strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections and diseases.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters can be natural, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, and wildfires, or they can be caused by human activities, such as technological accidents, intentional acts of violence, and complex emergencies.

The medical definition of a disaster focuses on the health impacts and consequences of the event, which can include injury, illness, disability, and death, as well as psychological distress and social disruption. The response to a disaster typically involves a coordinated effort by multiple agencies and organizations, including healthcare providers, emergency responders, public health officials, and government authorities, to address the immediate needs of affected individuals and communities and to restore basic services and infrastructure.

Disasters can have long-term effects on the health and well-being of individuals and populations, including increased vulnerability to future disasters, chronic illness and disability, and mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. Preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery efforts are critical components of disaster management, with the goal of reducing the risks and impacts of disasters and improving the resilience of communities and societies to withstand and recover from them.

Environmental health is a branch of public health that focuses on the study of how environmental factors, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, impact human health and disease. It involves the assessment, control, and prevention of environmental hazards in order to protect and promote human health and well-being.

Environmental health encompasses a wide range of issues, such as air and water quality, food safety, waste management, housing conditions, occupational health and safety, radiation protection, and climate change. It also involves the promotion of healthy behaviors and the development of policies and regulations to protect public health from environmental hazards.

The goal of environmental health is to create safe and healthy environments that support human health and well-being, prevent disease and injury, and promote sustainable communities. This requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves collaboration between various stakeholders, including policymakers, researchers, healthcare providers, community organizations, and the public.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Geographic Information Systems" (GIS) is not a medical term. GIS is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. It can be used in various fields, including public health and epidemiology, to map and analyze the spread of diseases, identify environmental risk factors, plan health services delivery, and inform evidence-based decision making.

Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy or irreversibly inactivate microorganisms, but not necessarily their spores. They are different from sterilizers, which kill all forms of life, and from antiseptics, which are used on living tissue. Disinfectants work by damaging the cell wall or membrane of the microorganism, disrupting its metabolism, or interfering with its ability to reproduce. Examples of disinfectants include alcohol, bleach, hydrogen peroxide, and quaternary ammonium compounds. They are commonly used in hospitals, laboratories, and other settings where the elimination of microorganisms is important for infection control. It's important to use disinfectants according to the manufacturer's instructions, as improper use can reduce their effectiveness or even increase the risk of infection.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "food quality" is not a term that has a widely accepted or specific medical definition. It is a term more commonly used in the context of food science and agriculture to describe the overall standard of food based on factors such as its nutritional value, freshness, safety, taste, and appearance.

However, from a public health or nutrition perspective, "food quality" could refer to the degree to which food is able to provide the necessary nutrients for good health while minimizing exposure to harmful contaminants or excessive calories. This can include factors such as:

* The nutritional content of the food (e.g., amount of protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals)
* The absence of harmful substances (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides, bacteria, or other contaminants)
* The freshness and safety of the food (e.g., proper handling, storage, and preparation to minimize spoilage or foodborne illness)
* The sensory qualities of the food (e.g., taste, texture, and appearance)

It's important to note that "food quality" can be subjective and may vary depending on cultural preferences, individual dietary needs, and personal tastes.

Halogenation is a general term used in chemistry and biochemistry, including medical contexts, to refer to the process of introducing a halogen atom into a molecule. Halogens are a group of non-metallic elements that include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).

In medical terms, halogenation is often discussed in the context of pharmaceuticals or biological molecules. For example, the halogenation of aromatic compounds can increase their lipophilicity, which can affect their ability to cross cell membranes and interact with biological targets. This can be useful in drug design and development, as modifying a lead compound's halogenation pattern may enhance its therapeutic potential or alter its pharmacokinetic properties.

However, it is essential to note that halogenation can also impact the safety and toxicity profiles of compounds. Therefore, understanding the effects of halogenation on a molecule's structure and function is crucial in drug design and development processes.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nicaragua" is not a medical term. It is the largest country in the Central American Isthmus, bordering Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. It has coastlines on both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean.

If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Organic chemicals" is a broad term that refers to chemical compounds containing carbon, often bonded to hydrogen. These can include natural substances like sugars and proteins, as well as synthetic materials like plastics and pharmaceuticals.

However, if you're asking about "organic" in the context of farming or food production, it refers to things that are produced without the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, irradiation, and sewage sludge.

In the field of medicine, there isn't a specific definition for 'organic chemicals'. If certain organic chemicals are used in medical contexts, they would be defined by their specific use or function (like a specific drug name).

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "housing" is not a term that has a medical definition. In a general sense, housing refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house or apartment. If you have any questions related to healthcare, medicine, or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them.

Gastrointestinal diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the organs from the mouth to the anus, responsible for food digestion, absorption, and elimination of waste. These diseases can affect any part of the GI tract, causing various symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.

Common gastrointestinal diseases include:

1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.
2. Peptic ulcers - sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by bacterial infection or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
4. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits.
5. Celiac disease - an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
6. Diverticular disease - a condition that affects the colon, causing diverticula (small pouches) to form and potentially become inflamed or infected.
7. Constipation - a common gastrointestinal symptom characterized by infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, and difficulty passing stools.
8. Diarrhea - a common gastrointestinal symptom characterized by loose, watery stools and frequent bowel movements.
9. Food intolerances and allergies - adverse reactions to specific foods or food components that can cause various gastrointestinal symptoms.
10. Gastrointestinal infections - caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi that can lead to a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

The term "Theoretical Models" is used in various scientific fields, including medicine, to describe a representation of a complex system or phenomenon. It is a simplified framework that explains how different components of the system interact with each other and how they contribute to the overall behavior of the system. Theoretical models are often used in medical research to understand and predict the outcomes of diseases, treatments, or public health interventions.

A theoretical model can take many forms, such as mathematical equations, computer simulations, or conceptual diagrams. It is based on a set of assumptions and hypotheses about the underlying mechanisms that drive the system. By manipulating these variables and observing the effects on the model's output, researchers can test their assumptions and generate new insights into the system's behavior.

Theoretical models are useful for medical research because they allow scientists to explore complex systems in a controlled and systematic way. They can help identify key drivers of disease or treatment outcomes, inform the design of clinical trials, and guide the development of new interventions. However, it is important to recognize that theoretical models are simplifications of reality and may not capture all the nuances and complexities of real-world systems. Therefore, they should be used in conjunction with other forms of evidence, such as experimental data and observational studies, to inform medical decision-making.

"Family characteristics" is a broad term that can refer to various attributes, dynamics, and structures of a family unit. These characteristics can include:

1. Family structure: This refers to the composition of the family, such as whether it is a nuclear family (two parents and their children), single-parent family, extended family, blended family, or same-sex parent family.
2. Family roles: The responsibilities and expectations assigned to each family member, such as caregiver, provider, or decision-maker.
3. Communication patterns: How family members communicate with one another, including frequency, tone, and level of openness.
4. Problem-solving styles: How the family approaches and resolves conflicts and challenges.
5. Cultural and religious practices: The values, traditions, and beliefs that shape the family's identity and worldview.
6. Family functioning: The overall health and effectiveness of the family system, including its ability to adapt to change and support individual members' needs.
7. Attachment styles: The quality and nature of the emotional bonds between family members, which can impact attachment security and relationships throughout life.
8. Parenting style: The approach that parents take in raising their children, such as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved.
9. Family history: Past experiences and events that have shaped the family's development and dynamics.
10. Genetic factors: Inherited traits and predispositions that can influence family members' health, behavior, and personality.

Understanding family characteristics is essential in fields such as medicine, psychology, social work, and counseling, as these factors can significantly impact individual and family well-being.

Public health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts of society." It focuses on improving the health and well-being of entire communities, populations, and societies, rather than individual patients. This is achieved through various strategies, including education, prevention, surveillance of diseases, and promotion of healthy behaviors and environments. Public health also addresses broader determinants of health, such as access to healthcare, housing, food, and income, which have a significant impact on the overall health of populations.

I'm happy to help, but it seems there might be some confusion in your question. "Refuse disposal" is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used in waste management and public health. It refers to the process of getting rid of waste materials generated from human activities, such as household trash or clinical waste from hospitals and healthcare facilities.

However, if you are referring to the medical management of patients who refuse treatment or disposal of their remains after death, here are some relevant definitions:

* "Refusal of treatment" is a term used in medical ethics and law to describe a situation where a patient declines medical intervention or care. This can occur for various reasons, including lack of consent, lack of decision-making capacity, or religious or cultural beliefs.
* "Disposition of human remains" refers to the handling, processing, and final placement of a deceased person's body. In the context of patients who refuse treatment and die, this may involve arranging for their bodies to be transported to a funeral home, crematorium, or other designated facility for disposal.

I hope this clarifies any confusion. Let me know if you have any further questions!

An enterovirus is a type of virus that primarily infects the gastrointestinal tract. There are over 100 different types of enteroviruses, including polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses such as EV-D68 and EV-A71. These viruses are typically spread through close contact with an infected person, or by consuming food or water contaminated with the virus.

While many people infected with enteroviruses may not experience any symptoms, some may develop mild to severe illnesses such as hand, foot and mouth disease, herpangina, meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and paralysis (in case of poliovirus). Infection can occur in people of all ages, but young children are more susceptible to infection and severe illness.

Prevention measures include practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently with soap and water, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not sharing food or drinks with someone who is ill. There are also vaccines available to prevent poliovirus infection.

Bacteroidetes is a large phylum of gram-negative, predominantly anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, including humans. They play an important role in the breakdown and fermentation of complex carbohydrates in the gut, producing short-chain fatty acids as a byproduct. Some species of Bacteroidetes have also been identified as opportunistic pathogens and can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals or under certain conditions.

The medical relevance of Bacteroidetes lies in their role in maintaining gut homeostasis, modulating the immune system, and protecting against pathogenic bacteria. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, including changes in the abundance and diversity of Bacteroidetes, has been associated with various diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, understanding the ecology and function of Bacteroidetes is important for developing novel therapeutic strategies to target these conditions.

Epidemiological monitoring is the systematic and ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data pertaining to a specific population or community, with the aim of identifying and tracking patterns of disease or injury, understanding their causes, and informing public health interventions and policies. This process typically involves the use of surveillance systems, such as disease registries, to collect data on the incidence, prevalence, and distribution of health outcomes of interest, as well as potential risk factors and exposures. The information generated through epidemiological monitoring can help to identify trends and emerging health threats, inform resource allocation and program planning, and evaluate the impact of public health interventions.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nebraska" is a state in the central United States and not a medical term. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help with those!

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Chile's privatization of water has led to many environmental problems.[citation needed] Since water tends to flow towards money ... The Santiago water and sewage utility - a private company - imposes charges based on the concentration of industrial effluent ... This imbalance causes water scarcity, which combined with warmer temperatures and less rainfall, has stressed local ecosystems ... Derricott, T. "Water Shortage Predicted for Northern Chile". Santiago Times. 24 September 2009. Homad-Hamam, G. "Chile Deals ...
... is a notable environmental issue for many stakeholders with concerns about the potential impact from ... TRC advise that dairying had not increased in Taranaki since 2000 and water quality is good and getting better. In 2015, the ... Freshwater contact recreational water quality at Taranaki sites (PDF). June 2015. {{cite book}}: ,work= ignored (help) Shaskey ... ISBN 978-0-473-32921-1. Deans, Neil; Hackwell, Kevin (October 2008). "Dairying and Declining Water Quality" (PDF). Forest and ...
"Colorado Water Quality Control Division - Water Assessment Program". Retrieved 21 February 2013. "Colorado Water Quality ... The Colorado Water Quality Control Division focuses on water quality for the State of Colorado. Its objective is to protect and ... The Water Quality Control Division implements the federal Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act in Colorado. It is ... "Colorado Water Quality Control Division - Sanitary Survey Program". Retrieved 21 February 2013. "Colorado Water Quality Control ...
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The Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board gave a huge fine for water quality violations against a property owner ... in order to keep people from degrading the water quality of the State. The policy states: The quality of all waters of the ... water quality and supply in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), Clean Water Act, the Porter- ... their objectives and how these objectives will continue to enhance the water quality. Each region has their own water quality ...
1989 Drinking water quality standards Hard Water Soft Water Water quality Water softener Water treatment Water purification " ... Water Quality) Regulations (SI 2000/3184) and in Wales by the Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations (SI 2001/3911). Further ... Water Quality) Regulations 2016". GOV.UK. DEFRA. February 2016. p. 6. Retrieved 15 March 2023. "Water Supply (Water Quality) ... The Water Supply Water Quality Regulations 1989 (SI No. 1147) are regulations imposed on the England and Wales Water industry ...
Drinking water quality legislation of the United States Water quality (ambient/environmental) Water supply and sanitation in ... as having water quality violations and therefore were at risk of drinking contaminated water that did not meet water quality ... Drinking water quality in the United States is generally safe. In 2016, over 90 percent of the nation's community water systems ... In early US history, drinking water quality in the country was managed by individual drinking water utilities and at the state ...
Timeline of existing federal water and state drinking water quality regulations: National Interim Primary Drinking Water ... Drinking water quality in the United States New York Laws New York State Sanitary Code EPA Alumni Association: Drinking Water, ... These reports are a summary of the water supplies sources and water quality testing results. The reports must be sent to all ... The Safe Drinking Water Act is the principal federal law governing public water systems. These systems provide drinking water ...
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"Water quality". Retrieved 21 August 2011. "Biodiversity". Retrieved 21 August 2011. "Leisure activities". Retrieved 21 August ... though levels of pollutants and mine water discharges have decreased since 1999. Heavy rain can cause pollutant levels to rise ...
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Boyd, Claude E. (2000). "pH, Carbon Dioxide, and Alkalinity". Water Quality. Boston, Massachusetts: Springer. pp. 105-122. doi: ... Water Water cluster Water (data page) Water dimer Water model Water thread experiment A commonly quoted value of 15.7 used ... Water portal Chemical bonding of water Dihydrogen monoxide parody Double distilled water Electromagnetic absorption by water ... 0.23 ppm of the earth's mass is water and 97.39% of the global water volume of 1.38×109 km3 is found in the oceans. Water is ...
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Identify the causes of water quality degradation in the Basin, and include objectives regarding water quality and salinity; ... a water quality and salinity plan, and environmental watering plan. The Basin plan should: Take into consideration any relevant ... including of existing water and of any additional water; Consider the interests of water holders, owners of environmental ... "Water quality". Murray-Darling Basin Authority. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2023. "Salinity". Murray-Darling Basin ...
The 2013 outlook report and revised water quality plan will assess what needs to be done in the future to improve water quality ... "Reef Water Quality Protection Plan 2009" (PDF). reefplan.qld.gov.au. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011. ... "Water Quality". Great Barrier Reef Foundation. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022. Biggs, D.; Ban ... A taskforce of scientists was also created to assess the impact of different parts of the plan on the quality of water flowing ...
"Water Quality , Greenville, SC - Official Website". www.greenvillesc.gov. Archived from the original on 2019-07-07. (Articles ... There are ongoing efforts to improve water quality along the whole of the Reedy River by the city, volunteers, and private ... Educating on clean water practices (e.g. Cleaning up after pets in the park) and Enacting programs such as 319 grant that offer ... Though it's not necessarily unsafe to wade in the waters, it's under studied. ...
... analyses Stormwater Ultrapure water Water clarity Water quality modelling Water resource management Water testing Water ... Water, Water management, Water pollution, Water supply, Water quality indicators). ... cause loss of water sources in droughts, and make water quality deteriorate. Climate change can reduce lower water quality in ... extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and ...
Black Water or Black Flecks. If the water is black in color or there are black flecks present in the hot water only, it may be ... Sediment / Sand in Water. If you experience this issue only when using hot water, then your water heater may be contributing to ... This is due to the running water stirring up the odor into the air. The odor could also be coming from the hot water. Hot water ... Cloudy / Milky / White or Gray Water. If you experience cloudy or milky, white or gray water that clears after the water sits ...
Several Sams Choice samples purchased in California exceeded legal limits for bottled water contaminants in that state. Cancer ... reveals a surprising array of chemical contaminants in every bottled water brand analyzed, including toxic byproducts of ... and the District of Columbia substantially exceeded the voluntary standards established by the bottled water industry. ... at levels no different than routinely found in tap water. ... The bottled water industry promotes an image of purity, but ...
... to conduct a water-quality monitoring program throughout the Hampton Roads region.... ... and efforts aimed at restoring clean waters to Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. To quantify the amount of nitrogen, ... Hampton roads regional Water-Quality Monitoring Program. Fact Sheet 2016-3095. In cooperation with the Hampton Roads Planning ... Porter, A.J., and Jastram, J.D., 2016, Hampton roads regional Water-Quality Monitoring Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact ...
This report describes the water quality criteria for irrigation including topics such as the origin of salts, quantifying ... Water Quality Criteria for Irrigation. www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/live/ec782/build/ec782.pdf. Glenn J. Hoffman, University of ... This report describes the water quality criteria for irrigation including topics such as the origin of salts, quantifying ... Subject: Environmental Science:Soils and Agriculture, Geoscience:Soils, Environmental Science:Water Quality and Quantity. ...
GCSAA does not support mandated use of reclaimed water when the water quality or water quantity is not adequate, when use is ... Water quality is a critical issue for golf facilities for both surface water and groundwater. Golf courses serve as important ... GCSAA supports the use of reclaimed, effluent or other non-potable water for golf course irrigation when the water quality is ... GCSAA supports water quality protection laws and regulations that are based on sound science** and credible data and promote ...
... We take water quality very seriously and your safety is our number one priority. ... quality drinking water, weve consistently scored among the highest of all water companies. ... We provide our Water Quality Reports - also called Consumer Confidence Reports - to our customers annually. ... Or click on one of the links below to access water quality information using the system name. ...
Thanos Papanicolaou and Bill Northey were invited as keynote speakers at the Fifth Annual Water Quality & Soil Health Forum in ...
... which may have broad implications for watersheds and water quality around the world. ... "A water quality mystery, solved in Antarctica." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com. /. releases. /. 2019. /. 02. /. ... A water quality mystery, solved in Antarctica. Antarctic meltwater streams shed light on longstanding hydrological mystery. ... "A water quality mystery, solved in Antarctica." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 1 February 2019. ,www.sciencedaily.com. /. releases ...
Its aim is to introduce several topics that are new in the field of surface water quality modelling and help spur new ... p,This Special Issue showcases some advanced methodologies used in surface water quality modelling. ... This book is a reprint of the Special Issue Surface Water Quality Modelling that was published in Water ...
... summarise the condition of an estuary or river and document strategies to improve water quality and support the community ... Water quality improvement plans summarise the condition of an estuary or river and document strategies to improve water quality ... Water quality improvement plans are informed by long-term monitoring programs of water quality and ecological health that ... Water quality improvement plans (WQIPs) summarise the condition of an estuary or river and document strategies to improve water ...
High Standards for Water Quality. The Cedar Rapids Water Division is committed to protecting the quality of our drinking water ... If you have questions or concerns about our water quality, or the Water Quality Report, we invite you to contact Water Division ... The Cedar Rapids Water Division issues a comprehensive water quality report each year, also known as the Consumer Confidence ... We continuously monitor the quality of our source water and maintain the highest standards for our water treatment process. We ...
... Weekly Water Sample Results. In accordance with NH RSA 485-A, Class B waters, those acceptable for fishing, ... The focus of these inspections is upon water quality and bather safety. In addition, weekly water samples are taken at natural ... When water sample results are greater than an average of 88 E-coli per 100 milliliters, the Manchester Health Department may ... Bodies of water such as Crystal Lake, the Piscataquog and Merrimack Rivers and Long Pond are monitored to ensure that ...
According to the study authors, many of the water-quality challenges are downstream of demographics, with many community water ... Water-quality risks linked more to social factors than money Peer-Reviewed Publication University of Texas at Austin ... Water-quality risks linked more to social factors than money. University of Texas at Austin ... For example, most of the water-quality problems come from naturally occurring minerals seeping from the rocks - such as arsenic ...
Palm plantations damage freshwater streams that supply drinking water to millions of people. Found in thousands of products, ... Significantly eroded water quality now joins the list of risks associated with oil palm cultivation, according to new research ... Oil palm plantations threaten water quality, scientists say. Date:. June 30, 2014. Source:. Stanford University. Summary:. ... "Oil palm plantations threaten water quality, scientists say." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com. /. releases. /. 2014. /. 06. ...
... and public water sources (tap water). The randomly selected drinking water samples were investigated by routine water analyses ... We present the distribution of major and minor trace elements in drinking water samples from Kosovo. During our study we ... This study reports the concentrations of major and minor elements in the drinking water in Kosovo. Additionally, we show the ... This study represents the first comprehensive monitoring of the drinking water situation throughout most of the territory of ...
Just like health safety inspections for food, we rely on water quality monitoring and reporting to ensure that the water we ... Some of the possible consequences are: Entire states may stop all of their beach water quality monitoring (some states rely ... In 2000, when the federal BEACH Act was passed, water quality monitoring made big advancements in setting standards and funding ... Sign the petition urging Obama and the EPA to restore funding for beach water quality monitoring here. Check out ESPN coverage ...
... water quality could suffer, creating toxic algae blooms and causing concerns for water districts. ... Some water quality problems may not be avoidable. Lower water levels usually mean the water is warmer, which encourages harmful ... which stores higher quality water from the wet months that can be blended with lower quality water coming from the Delta in dry ... The poor water quality could also reach massive pumps in the South Delta that feed water to the Bay Area, Central Valley and ...
Expand CDC Safe Water programs to cover 100 percent of the population; and ... and the water that rehydrates children after playtime. Environmental health professionals save money, saves lives, and protect ...
We take water management very seriously and have a range of programs to conserve water and protect nearby water sources from ... Water conservation has long been recognised as vital to our sustainable growth. ... Water quality and water use. Water conservation has long been recognised as vital to our sustainable growth. We take water ... Surface water quality. To minimise the impact of airport operations on surface water quality in adjacent waterways, we work ...
This section touches on methods needed to assess the quality of the water, including Turbidity, Ph, Nitrate, Bacterial, total ... After a new water well is completed or when the quality of a water supply is suspect (because of turbid water, unusual colour, ... Water Quality Testing There is no single measure that constitutes good water quality ... it depends on its use. Also, keep in ... mind that some water quality problems (iron, manganese and turbidity) can be treated (see Appendix M). Water quality is defined ...
canadas water quality. canadas water quality. December 5, 2018 10:55AM Canadians enjoy high quality water, although poor ...
Most deep wells are open to several water-bearing zones and are multiaquifer wells. The frequency of occurrence of water- ... Ground water is unconfined in the shallower part of the aquifer and confined or semiconfined in the deeper part of the aquifer ... The ground-water system consists of beds with a relatively high transmissivity separated by beds with a relatively low ... Ground water in the sedimentary rocks of Triassic age moves through a network of interconnecting secondary openings fractures, ...
The following quality elements are presented: QE1 - Biological quality elements; QE1-1 - Phytoplankton; QE1-2 - Other aquatic ... The map shows the ecological status or potential of surface water bodies based on their quality elements status value. ... Hydromorphological quality elements; QE2-1 - Hydrological or tidal regime; QE2-2 - River continuity conditions; QE2-3 - ... reported by EU Members States and Norway according to article 13 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). ...
Water Monitoring information on the worlds largest Environmental portal. ... Handheld Water Quality Analysis Tool for Pool or Spa. The fastest, most accurate, reliable, easy-to-use handheld water quality ... FPIs Water Quality Monitoring Solutions and Collaborations Shine at Vietnam Water Week 2023 Vietnam Water Week, hosted by ... Top 8 Water Quality Sensors For Water monitoring BKT Achieves Successful Commercialization of the AMX Technology in Korea FPI ...
by Ann McIver The term water quality is used to describe the condition of water, including its chemical, physical, and ... The term water quality is used to describe the condition of water, including its chemical, physical, and biological ... which examined different aspects of water quality, including the regulation of pharmaceutical disposal, the management of ... and includes three articles highlighting various aspects of the water quality issue. ...
Water Quality Survey of Splash Pads After a Waterborne Salmonellosis Outbreak-Tennessee, 2014 ... Need for Transparency and Ongoing Communication After Residents With Contaminated Water Wells Are Connected to City Water ... Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators to Testing for Arsenic in Their Well Water ...
Sampling Water Quality. Toggle submenu visibility *Traditional Water Quality Indicators. Toggle submenu visibility *Agriculture ... quality assessments have been conducted based solely on chemical analysis to analyze the impact of land use change on water ... These ecological variables are useful in measuring long-term effects and the ability of the water system to respond to major ... Biological methods take into account a variety of ecological indicators like topography, soil structure, water table levels, ...
  • Reduce pollutants to achieve the water quality necessary to support the aquatic living resources of the Bay and its tributaries and protect human health. (chesapeakebay.net)
  • Laboratory tests conducted for EWG at one of the country's leading water quality laboratories found that 10 popular brands of bottled water, purchased from grocery stores and other retailers in 9 states and the District of Columbia, contained 38 chemical pollutants altogether, with an average of 8 contaminants in each brand. (ewg.org)
  • While European member states continue to control the sources of pollution and focus on improving the quality of the environment, developing countries, such as Kosovo, lack basic monitoring of any kind of water pollutants, and, as a consequence, human health could be at risk. (hindawi.com)
  • These estimates demonstrate how different land uses and changes in forest coverage affect the natural filtering of excessive nutrients or pollutants from water. (usda.gov)
  • Due to such pollutants, poor infrastructure and neglectful water management, declining water quality poses a threat to ecosystems and services. (ansi.org)
  • In some countries these designations allow for some water contamination as long as the particular type of contamination is not harmful to the designated uses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Smelters, mines, and industrial activities lead to metal contamination of soil, which can influence the quality of groundwater [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Mission in Kosovo in its 2008 report on human rights reported water shortages, poor water infrastructure, and contamination of water sources especially in rural areas. (hindawi.com)
  • If possible, local health officials should check the water for purity and contamination. (lifewater.ca)
  • Wells are subject to strict rules to protect freshwater resources and prevent water contamination. (capp.ca)
  • Like all Canadians, the natural gas and oil industry values fresh water and the industry works to prevent water contamination. (capp.ca)
  • Runoff within mining and in situ operating areas is intercepted and diverted away from undisturbed areas to prevent contamination of creeks, ponds, bogs and other surface water features. (capp.ca)
  • and recent terrorist attacks have demonstrated how vulnerable water supplies are to contamination or disruption. (environmental-expert.com)
  • Discussion: Vulnerability to faecal contamination was attributed to weak water safety programmes in the drinking-water supply systems. (who.int)
  • For advisories without evidence of contamination, tap water may be used for patients with healthy immune systems. (cdc.gov)
  • For advisories with evidence of contamination (microbial/chemical) do not use tap water for bath or shower. (cdc.gov)
  • GCSAA supports the use of reclaimed, effluent or other non-potable water for golf course irrigation when the water quality is suitable for plant growth and there are no public health implications. (gcsaa.org)
  • While total water demand at the airport is forecast to rise, Sydney Airport is committed to reducing potable water consumption per passenger. (sydneyairport.com.au)
  • We continue to implement water saving initiatives to partially offset demand growth for potable water. (sydneyairport.com.au)
  • We regularly consult with Sydney Water to ensure that the projected growth in potable water demand can continue to be supported from the external network. (sydneyairport.com.au)
  • As ANSI recently reported , the standard ANSI/AWWA C654-2013 , Disinfection of Wells , describes the procedures for shock chlorination and bacteriological testing for the disinfection of wells for potable water service. (ansi.org)
  • This American National Standard is applicable to any new or existing well for potable water service that may have been contaminated as a result of construction, servicing, or maintenance. (ansi.org)
  • emergency supply of potable water. (cdc.gov)
  • Water quality depends on the local geology and ecosystem, as well as human uses such as sewage dispersion, industrial pollution, use of water bodies as a heat sink, and overuse (which may lower the level of the water). (wikipedia.org)
  • There is some desire among the public to return water bodies to pristine, or pre-industrial conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bodies of water such as Crystal Lake, the Piscataquog and Merrimack Rivers and Long Pond are monitored to ensure that pathogenic bacteria do not pose a hazard to swimmers. (manchesternh.gov)
  • The goal of WFD is to achieve qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies by 2015 in all EU member states [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The map shows the ecological status or potential of surface water bodies based on their quality elements status value. (europa.eu)
  • The maps include the River Basin Districts (RBDs) and their sub-units, the surface water bodies (water body category, ecological status or potential and chemical status), the groundwater bodies (aquifer type, quantitative status and chemical status) and the monitoring sites. (europa.eu)
  • SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) models estimate the amount of a contaminant transported from inland watersheds to larger water bodies by linking monitoring data with information on watershed characteristics and contaminant sources. (usgs.gov)
  • This indicates that with a longer period of analysis, the removal result may be higher, as well as the density of biomass for the island's population and its application in compromised water bodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the 2015 Clean Water Rule was first proposed by EPA and the Corps, GCSAA repeatedly argued that its sweeping scope over rivers, streams, wetlands and ditches would result in an expensive, unpredictable and unnecessary permitting process for golf courses across the country. (gcsaa.org)
  • Many rivers and estuaries in Western Australia have seen a decline in water quality, due to the changes in the way land is used and managed in catchments. (wa.gov.au)
  • But with little water in streams and rivers, declining water quality could be an even bigger challenge, potentially raising problems for drinking water and causing harmful algal blooms. (kqed.org)
  • About 144,000 acre-feet of water will be held back this month, water that's normally required to flow into rivers and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta . (kqed.org)
  • A prominent feature of NAWQA is the development of long-term consistent and comparable information on streams, rivers, ground water, and aquatic systems. (usgs.gov)
  • Knowing the current water-quality conditions of our rivers and streams and where those conditions have improved or deteriorated is critical information for resource managers and the public. (usgs.gov)
  • Discrete water quality samples are also collected annually at the Canada-Alaska border crossings of the Taku, Stikine, and Unuk Rivers. (usgs.gov)
  • surface water (including rivers, lakes and estuaries). (prospects.ac.uk)
  • Modern turfgrass management practices greatly reduce the potential for leaching or runoff into water supplies. (gcsaa.org)
  • Sadly, in many areas along the coast, the ocean water is polluted from urban runoff. (surfrider.org)
  • Even beyond saltwater intruding, water quality in the Delta is likely to suffer due to salty agricultural runoff, which is concentrated as the slow-moving water evaporates. (kqed.org)
  • here's a look back at the April 2014 issue of EM, which examined different aspects of water quality, including the regulation of pharmaceutical disposal, the management of emerging contaminants in drinking water, and whether policies to manage stormwater runoff are having adverse-and unintended-consequences on the environment. (awma.org)
  • Extensive ditch systems intercept surface runoff and diverts this water safely around mining and in situ operations. (capp.ca)
  • lb. and added water to the mash before I did my first runoff (batch sparging), in order to get 1/2 my wort from each the mash and the sparge. (homebrewersassociation.org)
  • Enterococcus is present in human and animal waste and can enter marine waters from a variety of sources such as streams and creeks, storm water runoff, animal and seabird waste, failing septic systems, sewage treatment plant spills, or boating waste. (oregon.gov)
  • A GIS-based model, the Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys) will be adapted to quantify DOC exported into water streams through leaching and runoff. (lu.se)
  • The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. (wikipedia.org)
  • Communities that lack these clean drinking-water services are at risk of contracting water-borne and pollution-related illnesses like Cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reducing pollution is critical to restoring the watershed because clean water is the foundation for healthy fisheries, habitats and communities across the region. (chesapeakebay.net)
  • Watershed Implementation Plans, created by watershed jurisdictions under the Chesapeake Bay "pollution diet" or Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), are instrumental in the restoration of tidal water quality. (chesapeakebay.net)
  • By 2017, have practices and controls in place that are expected to achieve 60 percent of the nutrient and sediment pollution load reductions necessary to achieve applicable water quality standards compared to 2009 levels. (chesapeakebay.net)
  • Monitoring the attainment of water quality standards will give us the information needed to track trends in nutrient and sediment pollution and assess whether or not Chesapeake Bay water quality is high enough to support aquatic living resources. (chesapeakebay.net)
  • These byproducts are linked to cancer and reproductive problems and form when disinfectants react with residual pollution in the water. (ewg.org)
  • The Clean Water Act requires municipalities across the United States to implement programs that address water quality and prevent water pollution, especially in urban areas. (esri.com)
  • Hot water can have a foul odor when bacteria grow on the magnesium rod in the water heater tank. (michigan.gov)
  • If you are worried about harmful bacteria being present in your water you could contact your water supplier, your local health department, and/or the Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy. (michigan.gov)
  • For example, most of the water-quality problems come from naturally occurring minerals seeping from the rocks - such as arsenic - and the byproducts of water treatment used to kill bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
  • Tests for nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), odours, total coliform (the most important test), aerobic and sulphate reducing bacteria can be performed with minimal equipment and cost and provide accurate information on the state of the well water. (lifewater.ca)
  • The pipe from the pump should be briefly scorched with a match to insure that any detected bacteria are from the water itself and not the pump surfaces. (lifewater.ca)
  • The kit contains all necessary reagents and components to test 10 water samples for the above listed factors plus two tests for coliform bacteria. (acornnaturalists.com)
  • The OBMP monitors the waters along Oregon's coastline for the presence of fecal bacteria, and reports elevated levels to the public. (oregon.gov)
  • Marine waters are tested for enterococcus, which is an indicator of the presence of other bacteria. (oregon.gov)
  • Bacteria, often from sewage spills, can pollute fresh or salt water. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Information about Cedar Rapids' water quality in 2022 was distributed in the May 2023 edition of OurCR and is available below for viewing and downloading. (cedar-rapids.org)
  • What New Solutions or Products Will FPI Bring to Us at Vietnam Water Week 2023? (environmental-expert.com)
  • Vietnam Water Week, hosted by Vietnam Water Supply and Sewerage Association (VWSA), will be held at the World Trade Center in Binh Duong new city on September 28-30, 2023. (environmental-expert.com)
  • Biological methods take into account a variety of ecological indicators like topography, soil structure, water table levels, and surrounding vegetation and present a more conclusive picture of a watershed. (osc.edu)
  • Basically, this bill would alter the percentage of money allocated from the trust fund to its separate trust accounts, which include the natural resources trust account, soil conservation and nonpoint source water protection trust account (administered by the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship), the watershed protection trust account (jointly administered by IDALS and Department of Natural Resources) and a few other accounts. (farmprogress.com)
  • Additionally, the bill proposes to transfer trust fund money allocated to the soil conservation and nonpoint source water protection trust account and watershed protection trust account to the water quality infrastructure fund. (farmprogress.com)
  • The governor also proposes that trust fund money may be transferred from the soil conservation and nonpoint source water protection trust account to the water quality infrastructure fund, and from the watershed protection trust account to the water quality financial assistance fund upon direction by the custodial department. (farmprogress.com)
  • The Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) has developed this page to aid you in identifying the most common drinking water quality issues and solutions when you're connected to a public water supply . (michigan.gov)
  • The report is distributed to all water users and provides information about the water treatment process and drinking water quality. (cedar-rapids.org)
  • No comments were found for Drinking Water Quality: Problems and Solutions, 2nd Edition . (environmental-expert.com)
  • Magtibay B, Anarna MS, Fernando A. An assessment of drinking-water quality post-Haiyan. (who.int)
  • Drinking water quality of various sources in Peshawar, Mardan, Kohat and Swat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. (bvsalud.org)
  • Scanlon and her collaborators were inspired to look into the connection between social vulnerability and water-quality violations due to the passage of new federal drinking water infrastructure laws. (eurekalert.org)
  • The effects of drinking water system infrastructure on water quality and health following intrusion events have not been extensively studied. (cdc.gov)
  • Palm plantations damage freshwater streams that supply drinking water to millions of people. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Significantly eroded water quality now joins the list of risks associated with oil palm cultivation, according to new research co-authored by researchers from Stanford University and the University of Minnesota, who warn of threats to freshwater streams that millions ofpeople depend on for drinking water, food and livelihoods. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The freshwater will be used later in the year to keep seawater away from drinking water intakes. (kqed.org)
  • When there isn't enough freshwater pushing against the Bay's tides, saltwater creeps into the Delta, where canals and aqueducts draw water that supplies 25 million Californians. (kqed.org)
  • The district withdraws that water through the Contra Costa Canal, which taps into the Delta not far from the saltwater-freshwater mixing zone. (kqed.org)
  • The insurgency in North Eastern Nigeria caused disruption in social services, and displacement of thousands of people who moved into Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps which are often overcrowded with sub-optimal Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) conditions. (who.int)
  • In one of the coldest, driest places on Earth, scientists have developed a possible answer to a longstanding mystery about the chemistry of streamflow, which may have broad implications for watersheds and water quality around the world. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers analyzed satellite imagery for vegetation changes and land use (agriculture, urban, forest, etc.) around Great Lakes basins and watersheds for which water quality data already existed. (usda.gov)
  • They applied this cause and effect information to un-monitored basins and watersheds to estimate their water quality based on surrounding land use. (usda.gov)
  • citation needed] The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits the amounts of certain contaminants in tap water provided by US public water systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Water quality standards for surface waters vary significantly due to different environmental conditions, ecosystems, and intended human uses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most current environmental laws focus on the designation of particular uses of a water body. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bottled water industry promotes an image of purity, but comprehensive testing by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) reveals a surprising array of chemical contaminants in every bottled water brand analyzed, including toxic byproducts of chlorination in Walmart's Sam's Choice and Giant Supermarket's Acadia brands, at levels no different than routinely found in tap water. (ewg.org)
  • Independent university research supports the fact that well-managed golf courses promote environmental quality for wildlife and human health. (gcsaa.org)
  • These Antarctic polar desert streams host some of the most rapid chemical weathering rates in the world because their beds are made up of fresh sediments that see water for only 6-10 weeks per year," said Michael Gooseff, a professor in CU Boulder's Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study was funded by the Environmental Protection Agency through the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and the Jackson School of Geosciences. (eurekalert.org)
  • That would result in ruined water supplies both in the Delta and south of the Delta and major environmental impacts. (kqed.org)
  • Environmental health is profoundly local and environmental health professionals mediate some of the most intimate parts of our lives: the food we place in our baby's mouths, the control of insects like mosquitos, and the water that rehydrates children after playtime. (neha.org)
  • Potential water quality impacts from construction and maintenance activities are managed via development and activity-specific Environmental Management Plans. (sydneyairport.com.au)
  • To support life on the planet, the system provides breathable air, fresh water, and solid planetary surfaces upon which we can make our livelihoods…these are the media that environmental regulations and policies strive to protect. (awma.org)
  • To provide a forum for civil engineers and scientists to exchange ideas within their professional community, across sub-disciplines, and with the general public regarding environmental health and water quality issues. (asce.org)
  • ASTM D5612-94(2008) , Standard Guide for Quality Planning and Field Implementation of a Water Quality Measurement Program , addresses the sampling aspects of environmental data generation activities. (ansi.org)
  • Water of good quality is necessary for domestic, environmental, industrial, recreational and agricultural uses. (cranfield.ac.uk)
  • The nonprofit Environmental Working Group manages a database that collects local water reports and EPA reports. (ksat.com)
  • To keep SAWS in check, the Texas Commission Environmental Quality acts as a third party and will audit the city's water every couple of years to make sure it is in compliance with the EPA. (ksat.com)
  • Many of the water companies have Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) -accredited graduate training schemes or management training programmes. (prospects.ac.uk)
  • The OBMP works with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to share and display beach water quality monitoring data. (oregon.gov)
  • It not only streamlines data management and smooths out the details-from conducting asset inspections to engaging with the community-but it also provides the city with a big-picture perspective of how well Carlsbad is complying with the Clean Water Act and other environmental initiatives. (esri.com)
  • The current public water supply and various groundwater wells have been sampled and analyzed by PRDOH, USGS, an environmental firm hired by the Navy, and EPA. (cdc.gov)
  • this water source will be more fully addressed through additional environmental sampling on Vieques and through computer modeling of air dispersion to evaluate the potential for airborne contaminants to affect these systems. (cdc.gov)
  • Water quality assessments : a guide to the use of biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring / edited by Deborah Chapman. (who.int)
  • Developed by LaMotte and Earth Force®, the Estuary Water Quality Monitoring Kit was specifically designed to provide simple, affordable methods of testing saline and brackish waters for key indicators including salt, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, pH, phosphate, temperature, and turbidity. (acornnaturalists.com)
  • Thus, RS offers significant opportunities for monitoring water quality in estuaries, coastal waterways, and the ocean. (lu.se)
  • Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and oftentimes determines supply options. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contact your water supply officials. (michigan.gov)
  • That's according to a recent study led by researchers at The University of Texas at Austin that found social factors - such as low population density, high housing vacancy, disability and race - can have a stronger influence than median household income on whether a community's municipal water supply is more likely to have health-based water-quality violations. (eurekalert.org)
  • State officials are still facing tough choices about how to make the low water supply last through the year. (kqed.org)
  • Contra Costa Water Distric t gets 100 percent of its supply from the Delta and serves 500,000 people in Antioch, Concord, Martinez and Pittsburg. (kqed.org)
  • Farmers and residents living in the Delta itself also have an eye on their water supply. (kqed.org)
  • ISO standards address aspects such as water quality and measurement, and the management of water supply services. (ansi.org)
  • This textbook provides a comprehensive review of the problems associated with the supply of drinking water in the developed world. (environmental-expert.com)
  • it also provides an authoritative reference for practitioners and professionals in the water supply industry. (environmental-expert.com)
  • Increasing water demands of the communities on Vieques and the increased salinity of these water supplies (because of salt water intrusion) mandated the need for a better water supply for residents of Vieques. (cdc.gov)
  • The use of these wells was therefore, phased out when the decision was made to supply water from the main island of Puerto Rico by pipeline. (cdc.gov)
  • Question 1: Is the current public water supply safe to drink? (cdc.gov)
  • Recent chemical analysis of water in the public water supply system indicates that the water has not been impacted by bombing activities at the LIA. (cdc.gov)
  • There is no completed pathway between the LIA and the OB/OD area and the public water supply system for the island of Vieques. (cdc.gov)
  • Most of the residents of Vieques receive their drinking water supply from the mainland of Puerto Rico. (cdc.gov)
  • There was an association between the staining and the presence of iron in the supply water (p = 0.015), presenting OR = 2.16(1.10 - 4.23). (bvsalud.org)
  • The quality of the water supply in some points of Caapiranga was in disagreement with the tolerable level for the presence of iron in water (0.33 mg Fe/L). As for the other metal the levels were within the limits of tolerance. (bvsalud.org)
  • This descriptive study reports on an assessment of water quality in drinking-water supply systems in areas affected by Typhoon Haiyan immediately following and 10 months after the typhoon. (who.int)
  • The truck tanks were filled with groundwater untreated with chlorine or with drinking water from the town's water supply network, depending on their availability during the journey. (cdc.gov)
  • Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), Emergency Water Supply Planning Guide for Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities (2012) pdf icon [PDF - 2.07 MB] and standards published by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) external icon ), United States Pharmaocopeia (USP), and manufacturers' instructions. (cdc.gov)
  • Healthcare facilities should develop an Emergency Water Supply Plan ( EWSP pdf icon [PDF - 2.07 MB]) to prepare for, respond to, and recover from a total or partial interruption of the facilities' normal water supply. (cdc.gov)
  • Water supply interruption can be caused by several types of events such as a natural disaster, a failure of the community water system, construction damage or even an act of terrorism. (cdc.gov)
  • To minimise the impact of airport operations on surface water quality in adjacent waterways, we work closely with airport tenants, operators and contractors to manage activities that have the potential to impact on water quality and continue to identify improvement opportunities. (sydneyairport.com.au)
  • For example, a recent study has found that the health of many people has been put at risk due to the presence of naturally occurring arsenic in drinking water wells! (lifewater.ca)
  • Most deep wells are open to several water-bearing zones and are multiaquifer wells. (usgs.gov)
  • Water from wells in the crystalline rocks has the lowest median pH (5.8), the lowest median specific conductance (139 microsiemens per centimeter), the lowest median alkalinity [16 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as CaCOg], and the highest dissolved oxygen concentration (9.0 mg/L) of the hydrogeologic units. (usgs.gov)
  • Water from wells in carbonate rocks has the highest median pH (7.8) and the highest median alkalinity (195 mg/L as CaCO3) of the hydrogeologic units. (usgs.gov)
  • Water from wells in the Lockatong Formation has the highest median specific conductance (428 microsiemens per centimeter) and the lowest dissolved oxygen concentration (0.8 mg/L) of the hydrogeologic units. (usgs.gov)
  • Wells are designed and constructed to ensure underground water sources are protected. (capp.ca)
  • Prior to having water piped from Puerto Rico in 1978, the water distribution system on Vieques was supplied from groundwater wells on the island of Vieques. (cdc.gov)
  • Prior to the existence of the current public water distribution system and the installation of the Esperanza and Sun Bay well fields in the early 1960s, water was supplied by smaller private groundwater wells and by rainfall collection systems. (cdc.gov)
  • The present study involves the chemical and bacteriological analysis of water from different sources i.e., bore, wells, bottle, and tap, from Peshawar, Mardan, Swat and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan . (bvsalud.org)
  • Use the monitoring results to report annually to the public on progress made in attaining established Bay water-quality standards and trends in reducing nutrients and sediment in the watershed. (chesapeakebay.net)
  • Water quality improvement plans are informed by long-term monitoring programs of water quality and ecological health that identify problem 'hotspots' and support a consolidated understanding of the baseline water quality. (wa.gov.au)
  • This study represents the first comprehensive monitoring of the drinking water situation throughout most of the territory of Kosovo. (hindawi.com)
  • Any new scientific findings and resources will be useful to Kosovo's authorities and researchers as they plan and construct future water monitoring institutions to provide efficient protective measures for its own population, as well as neighboring populations. (hindawi.com)
  • Obama to end beach water quality monitoring? (surfrider.org)
  • Just like health safety inspections for food, we rely on water quality monitoring and reporting to ensure that the water we recreate in is safe. (surfrider.org)
  • In 2000, when the federal BEACH Act was passed, water quality monitoring made big advancements in setting standards and funding monitoring programs to ensure your safety. (surfrider.org)
  • Entire states may stop all of their beach water quality monitoring (some states rely entirely on EPA grants to support their beach programs). (surfrider.org)
  • Sydney Airport continues to implement its Stormwater Quality Monitoring Plan, which guides biannual stormwater monitoring on the Airport. (sydneyairport.com.au)
  • Highlighting the conference is FPI's innovative water quality monitoring solutions. (environmental-expert.com)
  • But their greatness makes water quality monitoring difficult. (usda.gov)
  • The researchers generated maps like this one which show poor water quality risk in shades of blue for areas with available water quality monitoring data, and relative risk in yellow to red for the areas they evaluated. (usda.gov)
  • Projects such as these provide ways to prioritize monitoring and restoration efforts to not only benefit natural ecosystems, but also everyone who lives nearby and relies on them for drinking water, jobs, and recreation. (usda.gov)
  • On successful completion of this short course you will be able to evaluate water quality data and the monitoring strategies that generate them. (cranfield.ac.uk)
  • Ocean Water Quality (OWQ) monitoring provides insights into the quality of water in marine and near-shore environments. (lu.se)
  • article{bec23c46-f0f4-405d-bdf6-6c6df51babb2, abstract = {{Ocean Water Quality (OWQ) monitoring provides insights into the quality of water in marine and near-shore environments. (lu.se)
  • The indicator can be computed as R = 100 × (C/T), where R is the indicator value, C is the number of bathing waters complying with the mandatory coliform standards and T is the total number of bathing waters identified for compliance monitoring. (who.int)
  • These ecological variables are useful in measuring long-term effects and the ability of the water system to respond to major stress events. (osc.edu)
  • Work in the area of water quality tends to be focused on water that is treated for potability, industrial/domestic use, or restoration (of an environment/ecosystem, generally for health of human/aquatic life). (wikipedia.org)
  • In some locations, desired water quality conditions include high dissolved oxygen concentrations, low chlorophyll-a concentrations, and high water clarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • By 2025, have all practices and controls installed to achieve the Bay's dissolved oxygen, water clarity/submerged aquatic vegetation and chlorophyll a standards as articulated in the Chesapeake Bay TMDL document. (chesapeakebay.net)
  • While variables such as pH, dissolved oxygen, hardness and concentrations of metals, soluble chemicals, nutrients, and organics were typically measured, other extremely valuable information regarding biological species diversity and overall habitat quality was lacking. (osc.edu)
  • When you read these reports, including SAWS Water Quality report, the chemicals listed can be alarming, including radioactive contaminants such as uranium. (ksat.com)
  • Two of 10 brands tested, Walmart's and Giant's store brands, bore the chemical signature of standard municipal water treatment - a cocktail of chlorine disinfection byproducts, and for Giant water, even fluoride. (ewg.org)
  • Portable test kits were used to determine the presence of Escherichia coli and the level of residual chlorine in water samples. (who.int)
  • Exploring vulnerable nodes, impactful viral intrusion sites, and viral infection risk reductions offered by chlorine boosters in municipal drinking water networks. (cdc.gov)
  • For those working in water management, it is important to understand the rationale for and be practically competent in the sampling of water and the measurement and interpretation of water quality parameters. (cranfield.ac.uk)
  • Water sampling bottles, three supplemental handbooks ( Limnology, A Study of Water Quality , and Investigating Water Problems ), and field data sheets are provided. (acornnaturalists.com)
  • Samples are collected following USGS sampling methods for surface water . (usgs.gov)
  • Discrete water quality, sediment, and biological sampling are also collected at each gage location. (usgs.gov)
  • Sampling summaries are provided in Appendix B and a complete list of chemicals tested by each agency is shown in Appendix C . Earlier sources of water use are more difficult to address, particularly when limited chemical analysis is available or when there is uncertainty about where the samples were taken. (cdc.gov)
  • The parameters for water quality are determined by the intended use. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many parameters of water can be estimated from Remote Sensing (RS) data. (lu.se)
  • Many parts of the Chesapeake Bay contain excess nitrogen, phosphorous and sediment, and are listed as impaired under the Clean Water Act. (chesapeakebay.net)
  • The online water-quality trends mapping tool allows users to visualize trends in water chemistry (nutrients, pesticides, sediment, carbon, and salinity) and aquatic ecology (fish, invertebrates, and algae). (usgs.gov)
  • Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Water budgets for the Tohickon Creek Basin were calculated for 1968-91 (prior to regulation of the stream by Lake Nockamixon). (usgs.gov)
  • Depending on your employer, you may be involved in providing solutions to water quality problems and water quality regulation. (prospects.ac.uk)
  • In 2020, the Trump Administration proposed the Navigable Waters Protection Rule (NWPR). (gcsaa.org)
  • The researchers tested how well median income matched up with water-quality violations reported during 2018-2020 in community water systems across the contiguous United States. (eurekalert.org)
  • Water quality testing kits include supplies and reagents to test water for pH levels, contaminants, and chemicals. (grainger.com)
  • Traditionally stream and river quality assessments have been conducted based solely on chemical analysis to analyze the impact of land use change on water quality. (osc.edu)
  • Methods: Water quality testing and risk assessments of the drinking-water systems were conducted three weeks and 10 months post-Haiyan. (who.int)
  • We adopt an integrated strategic approach to water management focused on water consumption, groundwater protection and treatment or disposal of wastewater and stormwater. (sydneyairport.com.au)
  • These communities are often in low-income areas, where human wastewater is discharged into a nearby drainage channel or surface water drain without sufficient treatment, or is used in agricultural irrigation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This report describes the water quality criteria for irrigation including topics such as the origin of salts, quantifying salinity hazards, salinity, sodicity, toxicity and leaching. (carleton.edu)
  • Some areas of the U.S. require golf courses to use reclaimed, effluent or other nonpotable water sources for irrigation and it is important there is access to water suitable for use on turfgrass. (gcsaa.org)
  • Since then, NAWQA has produced scientific data and knowledge that is used by national, regional, state, and local agencies to develop science-based policies and management strategies to improve and protect water resources used for drinking water, recreation, irrigation, energy development, and ecosystem needs. (usgs.gov)
  • summarizing the EPA's spending, it states that Obama would eliminate the program that provides grants to "develop and implement program to inform the public about the risk of exposure to disease-causing microorganism in the water at the nation's beaches. (surfrider.org)
  • Find out about the quality of this invisible resource used for drinking water by almost half the Nation's population. (usgs.gov)
  • In 1991, Congress established the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project to address where, when, why, and how the Nation's water quality has changed, or is likely to change in the future, in response to human activities and natural factors. (usgs.gov)
  • Walmart's Sam's Choice bottled water purchased at several locations in the San Francisco bay area was polluted with disinfection byproducts called trihalomethanes at levels that exceed the state's legal limit for bottled water (CDPR 2008). (ewg.org)
  • Nevertheless, disinfection byproducts in both Acadia and Sam's Choice bottled water exceeded the industry trade association's voluntary safety standards (IBWA 2008a), for samples purchased in Washington DC and 5 states (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and California). (ewg.org)
  • Multiplication of Legionella in artificial water systems is facilitated by temperatures around 35°C and factors such as lack of disinfection, water stagnation, and poor maintenance ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, we have adopted a number of water savings measures including the installation of water saving fittings in terminals and valve replacements to stop water leaks and overflows. (sydneyairport.com.au)
  • The United Nations reports that 2 million tons of sewage and other waste drain into the world's waters on a daily basis. (ansi.org)
  • Super gages provide real-time data specifically designed to improve understanding of watershed processes and to address specific water-resource issues such as climate and land-use effects or hazardous substance spills. (usgs.gov)
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water. (wikipedia.org)
  • GCSAA supports water quality protection laws and regulations that are based on sound science** and credible data and promote the benefits of turfgrass and professionally managed landscapes. (gcsaa.org)
  • When it comes to complying with strict federal regulations for delivering safe, quality drinking water, we've consistently scored among the highest of all water companies. (amwater.com)
  • LD outbreaks have been related to cooling towers, spa pools, and water distribution systems ( 2 - 4 ), which are considered by regulations in Spain to have a high probability of proliferation of Legionella ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The international, national, and state regulations and guidelines regarding methylene chloride in air, water, and other media are summarized in Table 7-1. (cdc.gov)
  • Given the industry's refusal to make available data to support their claims of superiority, consumer confidence in the purity of bottled water is simply not justified. (ewg.org)
  • We also report water performance data in our annual Sustainability Report . (sydneyairport.com.au)
  • For references , please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/explore-interactive-maps/water-framework-directive-quality-elements or scan the QR code. (europa.eu)
  • More recently, scientists have recognized the need to incorporate this biological data in order to create a comprehensive investigation of watershed quality and response to change. (osc.edu)
  • The National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project is a leading source of scientific data and knowledge for development of science-based policies and management strategies to improve and protect our water resources. (usgs.gov)
  • Users can access an online mapping tool to compare water quality at small streams across a region, see scorecards that summarize stream health at each stream site, and download data for hundreds of chemical compounds. (usgs.gov)
  • For example, instruments based on well documented colorimetric methods can provide data of predictable and consistent quality. (europa.eu)
  • Important data on any waters that are tidally influenced is provided. (acornnaturalists.com)
  • The ability to model estimates of water quality constituents based on a record of continuous data helps improve estimates of loads to downstream areas that are critical for salmon spawning and rearing habitats. (usgs.gov)
  • Water quality data collection began in 2018 on the Unuk. (usgs.gov)
  • Data are available as PDF documents in the EU reports on bathing water quality (3) or as Excel tables in the EEA database BATHSEA_EN_V2 (12,13). (who.int)
  • Data describing individual bathing sites can be derived from the EEA's "Status of bathing water" database (11). (who.int)
  • In urbanized areas around the world, water purification technology is used in municipal water systems to remove contaminants from the source water (surface water or groundwater) before it is distributed to homes, businesses, schools and other recipients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term water quality is used to describe the condition of water, including its chemical, physical, and biological characteristics, usually with respect to its suitability for a particular purpose (i.e., drinking, swimming, or fishing). (awma.org)
  • The importance of water and its impact on human health and the environment resulted in the establishment of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) by the European Union (EU). (hindawi.com)
  • The WISE Water Framework Directive Quality Elements map contains information from the 2nd River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) reported by EU Members States and Norway according to article 13 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). (europa.eu)
  • Water quality is linked to a healthy ecosystem and the well-being of over 2 billion people on earth. (ansi.org)
  • While the water is still flowing, immerse a nitrate test strip in the stream for one second and withdraw the strip and allow the colour to develop for 60 seconds. (lifewater.ca)
  • This method is a quantitative procedure for the measurement of perchlorate, nitrate and iodide in tap water using ion chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
  • Measures of perchlorate, nitrate, and iodide in water were assessed in a subsample of participants aged 12 years and older. (cdc.gov)
  • If this odor is present all the time, the odor may be coming from the sink's drain instead of the water. (michigan.gov)
  • This is due to the running water stirring up the odor into the air. (michigan.gov)
  • The odor could also be coming from the hot water. (michigan.gov)
  • We're watching salinity levels very closely," said Jennifer Allen, spokesperson for the Contra Costa Water District. (kqed.org)
  • Water quality improvement plans (WQIPs) summarise the condition of an estuary or river and document strategies to improve water quality and support the community values of that system. (wa.gov.au)
  • But officials have announced that very little water will be delivered through that system, simply because of the dry conditions. (kqed.org)
  • The ground-water system consists of beds with a relatively high transmissivity separated by beds with a relatively low transmissivity that form a leaky, multiaquifer system. (usgs.gov)
  • The measured constituents are included in the following table and results are posted to the USGS National Water Information System . (usgs.gov)
  • Many agencies or utilities do their own reports, including the San Antonio Water System, state and federal agencies and nonprofits. (ksat.com)
  • Most importantly, the system empowers the local community to help preserve Carlsbad's water quality and protect the environment. (esri.com)
  • The public water system on the island of Vieques is currently supplied with water from the main island of Puerto Rico. (cdc.gov)
  • Any residents or businesses purchasing water from Compania de Aguas are getting water that was collected and treated on the main island of Puerto Rico, then piped into the distribution system through an underwater pipeline. (cdc.gov)
  • Use bottled or boiled water for infants, young children and anyone with a weakened immune system, wounds, or abrasions. (cdc.gov)
  • This work will help public water system managers in identifying vulnerable points in their distribution system and optimal locations for risk reduction strategy implementation. (cdc.gov)
  • ASTM also has developed a standard that guides water quality measurement programs. (ansi.org)
  • and public water sources (tap water). (hindawi.com)
  • During the 1976-77 drought, salt levels in their water exceeded public health limits , prompting water rationing orders. (kqed.org)
  • Through long-term continual efforts and campaign initiatives like the annual Drinking Water Week , AWWA works to unite the entire water community to protect public health and welfare and provide safe, sufficient, and sustainable water for all. (ansi.org)
  • More senior roles may involve significant liaison with businesses, the public and other water industry professionals. (prospects.ac.uk)
  • Introduction: Access to safe drinking-water is one of the most important public health concerns in an emergency setting. (who.int)
  • Also in Walmart's Sam's Choice brand, lab tests found a cancer-causing chemical called bromodichloromethane at levels that exceed safety standards for cancer-causing chemicals under California's Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65, OEHHA 2008). (ewg.org)
  • In other words, moving water retains its chemical makeup regardless of whether it's going fast or slow. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The results suggest that high levels of chemical weathering -- the process by which solid minerals dissolve, much like rock salt in a puddle of warm water -- are the primary mechanism for this streamflow phenomenon. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Good quality (potable) drinking water is free from disease-causing organisms, harmful chemical substances and radioactive matter, tastes good, is aesthetically appealing and is free from objectionable colour or odour. (lifewater.ca)
  • The Regional Stream Quality Assessment (RSQA) is studying the relations between stressors (chemical and physical) and stream ecology (fish, algae, and aquatic invertebrates) at small streams in five large regions of the United States. (usgs.gov)
  • Pool water test kits help monitor and maintain chemical levels in swimming pools. (grainger.com)
  • CAPP and its member companies have developed and adhere to best practices and guiding principles concerning groundwater testing, fresh water use, fluid handling, wellbore construction, chemical additive use and induced seismicity. (capp.ca)
  • When available, chemical analysis of the water is evaluated to determine whether there is any indication that the water has been impacted by range activities and whether the water is safe to drink and use in the home. (cdc.gov)
  • Our staff works nonstop for every drop, upstream and downstream, in our labs and around the city, 24/7/365, making sure our water is of the highest quality. (cedar-rapids.org)
  • According to the study authors, many of the water-quality challenges are downstream of demographics, with many community water systems lacking the financial, managerial and technical abilities to address the water-quality issues. (eurekalert.org)
  • By doing so they could determine which watershed conditions and land uses result in which downstream water conditions. (usda.gov)
  • GCSAA supported efforts by the Trump Administration to enact the NWPR to protect the principles of cooperative federalism in the Clean Water Act and recognize the role that golf course superintendents play as responsible stewards of water resources. (gcsaa.org)
  • Furthermore, Kosovo has limited water resources which in the future will be a limiting factor for economic and social development. (hindawi.com)
  • Failing to take this action could result in our reservoirs running out of water later in the year, which means no available water to prevent saltwater intrusion in the Delta," said Mark Cowin of the Department of Water Resources. (kqed.org)
  • The USGS Water Resources Mission Area is updating current water programs to meet 21st century water-resource challenges. (usgs.gov)
  • To conserve and enhance our natural resources in cooperation with individuals and organizations to improve the quality of life in Iowa and ensure a legacy for future generations. (iowadnr.gov)
  • She highlighted plans to introduce a 1-cent sales tax increase that would include three-eighths of 1 cent to fund the Natural Resources and Outdoor Recreation Trust Fund, commonly known as Iowa's Water and Land Legacy fund. (farmprogress.com)
  • Protecting water resources is a priority for Canada's natural gas and oil industry. (capp.ca)
  • In other words, this bottled water was chemically indistinguishable from tap water. (ewg.org)
  • Besides this, the some water sources were also chemically contaminated by different inorganic fertilizers ( nitrates / nitrites of sodium , potassium ) but under safe levels whereas agricultural and industrial wastes ( chloride and sulphate compounds) were in unsafe range. (bvsalud.org)
  • Such chemically and bacteriologically unfit water sources for drinking and can cause human health problems. (bvsalud.org)
  • ABSTRACT The use of water has always been vital for human survival, but with its actions, impacts on ecosystems have emerged, compromising quality. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several Sam's Choice samples purchased in California exceeded legal limits for bottled water contaminants in that state. (ewg.org)
  • In addition, weekly water samples are taken at natural bathing areas across the City. (manchesternh.gov)
  • We present the distribution of major and minor trace elements in drinking water samples from Kosovo. (hindawi.com)
  • Water quality samples are collected on each river every 6-8 weeks depending on weather and aircraft availability. (usgs.gov)
  • You will test and analyse water samples and compare test results with these standards, investigate shortfalls and take action to remedy problems. (prospects.ac.uk)
  • The water samples were collected in resistant plastic bottles. (bvsalud.org)
  • It was found that the only metal in excess was iron (0.4 to 4.3 mg/L) in water samples and 16.9% of staining in the teeth of residents of this sample (n = 332). (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: Of the 121 water samples collected three weeks post-Haiyan, 44% were contaminated, while 65% (244/373) of samples were found positive for E. coli 10 months post-Haiyan. (who.int)
  • We took water samples and smears from the hoses and water tanks to test them for Legionella . (cdc.gov)
  • From each district, 50 water samples (10 samples from each source), regardless of urban and rural status, were collected from these sources and analysed for sulphates, nitrates , nitrites , chlorides , total soluble solids and coliforms (E. coli). (bvsalud.org)
  • The Great Lakes cover over 95,000 square miles and contain trillions of gallons of water. (usda.gov)
  • An underwater pipeline was built in 1977 from the mainland to Vieques and provides 800,000 gallons of drinking water per day to the residents of Vieques (Cherry and Ramos 1995). (cdc.gov)
  • These "forever chemicals" pollute water, don't break down, and remain in the environment and people for decades. (ewg.org)
  • More than one-third of the chemicals found are not regulated in bottled water. (ewg.org)
  • Pure water, often defined as water containing no minerals or chemicals, does not exist naturally in the environment. (lifewater.ca)
  • Safe drinking water, on the other hand, may retain naturally occurring minerals and chemicals such as calcium, potassium, sodium or fluoride which are actually beneficial to human health. (lifewater.ca)
  • Entry-level salaries for water quality scientists range from around £18,000 to £25,000. (prospects.ac.uk)
  • Salaries for water quality scientists with chartered status, considerable experience and greater responsibility can be in excess of £55,000. (prospects.ac.uk)
  • It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the EPA, water quality laws generally specify protection of fisheries and recreational use and require, as a minimum, retention of current quality standards. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cancer-causing contaminants in bottled water purchased in 5 states (North Carolina, California, Virginia, Delaware and Maryland) and the District of Columbia substantially exceeded the voluntary standards established by the bottled water industry. (ewg.org)
  • Instead, the industry hides behind the claim that bottled water is held to the same safety standards as tap water. (ewg.org)
  • GCSAA does not support mandated use of reclaimed water when the water quality or water quantity is not adequate, when use is not cost effective or when the golf course superintendent does not play a key role in the decision-making process for the development of effluent water standards. (gcsaa.org)
  • We continuously monitor the quality of our source water and maintain the highest standards for our water treatment process . (cedar-rapids.org)
  • Water for Life and National Quality month serve as a reminder of activities and standards that support the preservation of water quality. (ansi.org)
  • A number of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) members and accredited standards developers, including the American Water Works Association (AWWA), ASTM International , and NSF International , have created standards and related documents providing important guidance on topics including drinking water treatment, water piping, and water analysis. (ansi.org)
  • Standards also support the association's efforts to preserve water quality. (ansi.org)
  • International standards also help the preservation of clean water. (ansi.org)
  • As a water quality scientist, you'll ensure that water quality targets and standards relating to specific legislation are met. (prospects.ac.uk)
  • Different watershed land uses - such as the Lake Michigan forests and recreational area pictured here - affect regional water quality in lakes, which researchers can estimate using satellite imagery. (usda.gov)
  • In 2010, Titus Seilheimer, a US Forest Service research ecologist at the time, led a project funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative that parsed the vastness of the Great Lakes to estimate water quality in different basins. (usda.gov)
  • The story map demonstrates this terrestrial-aquatic linkage and provides maps showing land use, areas at risk for poor water quality, and forest canopy and vegetation changes around the Great Lakes. (usda.gov)
  • Test methods detailed in this document can be used on rain, drinking and mineral waters, bathing waters, surface and ground waters, and municipal and industrial waste waters. (ansi.org)
  • Accurate information on the number of bathing waters and compliant bathing waters are available at EU level in the EU's annual report on bathing water quality (3). (who.int)