Water Pollution, Chemical
Air Pollution
Water Pollution, Radioactive
Water Quality
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Water
Water Pollutants
Water Supply
Environmental Monitoring
Water Microbiology
Environmental Health
Air Pollutants
Environmental Pollution
Particulate Matter
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Vehicle Emissions
Environmental Exposure
Ozone
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Epidemiological Monitoring
Water Purification
A bead-based method for multiplexed identification and quantitation of DNA sequences using flow cytometry. (1/13)
A new multiplexed, bead-based method which utilizes nucleic acid hybridizations on the surface of microscopic polystyrene spheres to identify specific sequences in heterogeneous mixtures of DNA sequences is described. The method consists of three elements: beads (5.6-microm diameter) with oligomer capture probes attached to the surface, three fluorophores for multiplexed detection, and flow cytometry instrumentation. Two fluorophores are impregnated within each bead in varying amounts to create different bead types, each associated with a unique probe. The third fluorophore is a reporter. Following capture of fluorescent cDNA sequences from environmental samples, the beads are analyzed by flow cytometric techniques which yield a signal intensity for each capture probe proportional to the amount of target sequences in the analyte. In this study, a direct hybrid capture assay was developed and evaluated with regard to sequence discrimination and quantitation of abundances. The target sequences (628 to 728 bp in length) were obtained from the 16S/23S intergenic spacer region of microorganisms collected from polluted groundwater at the nuclear waste site in Hanford, Wash. A fluorescence standard consisting of beads with a known number of fluorescent DNA molecules on the surface was developed, and the resolution, sensitivity, and lower detection limit for measuring abundances were determined. The results were compared with those of a DNA microarray using the same sequences. The bead method exhibited far superior sequence discrimination and possesses features which facilitate accurate quantitation. (+info)Beverages: bottled water. Direct final rule. (2/13)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its bottled water quality standard regulations by establishing an allowable level for the contaminant uranium. As a consequence, bottled water manufacturers are required to monitor their finished bottled water products for uranium at least once each year under the current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) regulations for bottled water. Bottled water manufacturers are also required to monitor their source water for uranium as often as necessary, but at least once every 4 years unless they meet the criteria for the source water monitoring exemptions under the CGMP regulations. FDA will retain the existing allowable levels for combined radium-226/-228, gross alpha particle radioactivity, and beta particle and photon radioactivity. This direct final rule will ensure that the minimum quality of bottled water, as affected by uranium, combined radium-226/-228, gross alpha particle radioactivity, and beta particle and photon radioactivity, remains comparable with the quality of public drinking water that meets the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) standards. FDA is issuing a direct final rule for this action because the agency expects that there will be no significant adverse comment on this rule. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a companion proposed, rule under the agency's usual procedure for notice-and-comment rulemaking, to provide a procedural framework to finalize the rule in the event the agency receives any significant adverse comments and withdraws this direct final rule. The companion proposed rule and direct final rule are substantively identical. (+info)Biokinetics of tritium incorporation into the tissues of rats during continuous ingestion of tritiated water or tritium-labeled food. (3/13)
Wistar strain male rats were continuously given tritiated water or tritiated wheat as drinking water or food for 70 days. During the ingestion, the tritium incorporation into rat tissues was examined in both wet and dry samples of liver, kidney, testis and blood. The concentration of organically bound tritium (OBT) in dry tissues of rats exposed to tritiated water (HTO) and 3H-food (tritiated wheat) attained an equilibrium within 2-3 weeks after the exposure. The concentration of OBT in dry tissues of rats exposed to HTO also reached an equilibrium within 3-4 weeks after the exposure. However, rats exposed to 3H-food, except for the liver, such an equilibrium state was not reached in other tissues and the OBT concentrations increased gradually throughout the exposure. The relative concentrations of total 3H and OBT at the end of the chronic ingestion of 3H food (70 day), expressed in percentages of the total activity were 1 and 9 times higher than those in rats exposed to HTO, respectively. In both groups, OBT as well as total 3H was almost uniformly distributed among the tissues examined. (+info)Plutonium in the arctic marine environment--a short review. (4/13)
Anthropogenic plutonium has been introduced into the environment over the past 50 years as the result of the detonation of nuclear weapons and operational releases from the nuclear industry. In the Arctic environment, the main source of plutonium is from atmospheric weapons testing, which has resulted in a relatively uniform, underlying global distribution of plutonium. Previous studies of plutonium in the Kara Sea have shown that, at certain sites, other releases have given rise to enhanced local concentrations. Since different plutonium sources are characterised by distinctive plutonium-isotope ratios, evidence of a localised influence can be supported by clear perturbations in the plutonium-isotope ratio fingerprints as compared to the known ratio in global fallout. In Kara Sea sites, such perturbations have been observed as a result of underwater weapons tests at Chernaya Bay, dumped radioactive waste in Novaya Zemlya, and terrestrial runoff from the Ob and Yenisey Rivers. Measurement of the plutonium-isotope ratios offers both a means of identifying the origin of radionuclide contamination and the influence of the various nuclear installations on inputs to the Arctic, as well as a potential method for following the movement of water and sediment loads in the rivers. (+info)Biofilm formation in spent nuclear fuel pools and bioremediation of radioactive water. (5/13)
Microbiological studies of spent nuclear fuel pools at the Cofrentes Nuclear Power Plant (Valencia, Spain) were initiated to determine the microbial populations in the pools' water. Biofilm formation at the nuclear power plant facilities and the potential use of those microbial populations in the bioremediation of radioactive water were also studied. Biofilm formation was analyzed by immersing different austenitic stainless steel coupons (UNS S30400, UNS S30466, UNS S31600), as well as balls of stainless steel (UNS S44200) and titanium (99.9%) in a spent nuclear fuel pool (under static and dynamic conditions) for 34 months. Epifluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that biofilm formed on the samples, in spite of the radioactive and oligotrophic conditions of the water. Based on standard culture methods and sequencing of 16S rDNA fragments, 57 bacteria belonging to alpha-, beta-, and gamma-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteridae were identified in the biofilms. The radioactivity of the biofilm was measured using gamma-ray spectrometry, which revealed that biofilms were able to retain radionuclides, especially (60)Co. Using metallic materials to decontaminate radioactive water could become a new approach for bioremediation. (+info)Deinococcus aquiradiocola sp. nov., isolated from a radioactive site in Japan. (6/13)
(+info)Groundwater uranium and cancer incidence in South Carolina. (7/13)
(+info)Safety regulations of food and water implemented in the first year following the Fukushima nuclear accident. (8/13)
(+info)Water pollution is defined medically as the contamination of water sources by harmful or sufficient amounts of foreign substances (pathogens, chemicals, toxic compounds, etc.) which tend to interfere with its normal functioning and can have negative effects on human health. Such pollutants can find their way into water bodies through various means including industrial waste disposal, agricultural runoff, oil spills, sewage and wastewater discharges, and accidental chemical releases, among others.
Exposure to polluted water can lead to a range of health issues, from minor problems like skin irritation or stomach upset, to severe conditions such as neurological disorders, reproductive issues, cancer, and even death in extreme cases. It also poses significant risks to aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems and leading to the decline or extinction of various species. Therefore, maintaining clean and safe water supplies is critical for both human health and environmental preservation.
Chemical water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater) with harmful chemicals or substances that negatively impact water quality and pose a threat to human health, aquatic life, and the environment. These chemical pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural activities, waste disposal, oil spills, and chemical accidents. Examples of chemical pollutants include heavy metals (such as mercury, lead, and cadmium), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other hazardous substances. These chemicals can have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on living organisms and can disrupt ecosystems, leading to decreased biodiversity and impaired ecological functions.
Air pollution is defined as the contamination of air due to the presence of substances or harmful elements that exceed the acceptable limits. These pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, gases, or a combination of these. They can be released from various sources, including industrial processes, vehicle emissions, burning of fossil fuels, and natural events like volcanic eruptions.
Exposure to air pollution can have significant impacts on human health, contributing to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and even premature death. It can also harm the environment, damaging crops, forests, and wildlife populations. Stringent regulations and measures are necessary to control and reduce air pollution levels, thereby protecting public health and the environment.
Water pollution, radioactive, refers to the contamination of water bodies (such as lakes, rivers, groundwater, and oceans) with radioactive substances. These substances can include naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) or human-made radionuclides, which can be released into the environment through various activities such as mining, nuclear power generation, medical facilities, and waste disposal.
Radioactive water pollution can have severe consequences for both the environment and human health. Exposure to radioactive substances in water can increase the risk of cancer, genetic mutations, and other adverse health effects. Additionally, radioactive contamination can harm aquatic life, disrupt ecosystems, and reduce the quality and safety of water resources for drinking, irrigation, and recreation.
Radioactive water pollution is typically addressed through a combination of regulatory controls, best management practices, and remediation efforts to prevent or minimize the release of radioactive substances into the environment and to mitigate their impacts on human health and the ecosystem.
Water quality, in the context of public health and environmental medicine, refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water that determine its suitability for various uses, such as drinking, recreation, or industrial processes. The term encompasses a wide range of parameters, including but not limited to:
1. Microbial contaminants: Presence of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microorganisms that can cause waterborne diseases.
2. Chemical contaminants: Including heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), disinfection byproducts, and other potentially harmful substances.
3. Physical parameters: Such as temperature, turbidity (cloudiness), color, taste, and odor, which can affect the water's acceptability for different uses.
4. Radiological contaminants: Exposure to ionizing radiation from radioactive elements present in water sources.
Regulatory agencies establish guidelines and standards for water quality to protect public health and minimize potential adverse effects associated with exposure to contaminated water. Regular monitoring, treatment, and management of water sources are essential to ensure safe and reliable water supplies.
Chemical water pollutants refer to harmful chemicals or substances that contaminate bodies of water, making them unsafe for human use and harmful to aquatic life. These pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and improper disposal of hazardous materials.
Examples of chemical water pollutants include heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium), pesticides and herbicides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and petroleum products. These chemicals can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms, disrupt ecosystems, and pose risks to human health through exposure or consumption.
Regulations and standards are in place to monitor and limit the levels of chemical pollutants in water sources, with the aim of protecting public health and the environment.
Medical definitions of water generally describe it as a colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for all forms of life. It is a universal solvent, making it an excellent medium for transporting nutrients and waste products within the body. Water constitutes about 50-70% of an individual's body weight, depending on factors such as age, sex, and muscle mass.
In medical terms, water has several important functions in the human body:
1. Regulation of body temperature through perspiration and respiration.
2. Acting as a lubricant for joints and tissues.
3. Facilitating digestion by helping to break down food particles.
4. Transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
5. Helping to maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes.
6. Assisting in the regulation of various bodily functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate.
Dehydration can occur when an individual does not consume enough water or loses too much fluid due to illness, exercise, or other factors. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion. Severe dehydration can be life-threatening if left untreated.
Water pollutants refer to any substances or materials that contaminate water sources and make them unsafe or unsuitable for use. These pollutants can include a wide range of chemicals, microorganisms, and physical particles that can have harmful effects on human health, aquatic life, and the environment as a whole. Examples of water pollutants include heavy metals like lead and mercury, industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins, agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and microplastics. Exposure to water pollutants can cause a variety of health problems, ranging from minor irritations to serious illnesses or even death in extreme cases. Additionally, water pollution can have significant impacts on the environment, including harming or killing aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems, and reducing biodiversity.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "water supply" is not a medical term per se. It is a general term used to describe the system or arrangement providing water for consumption or use, such as a public water supply system or a private well. However, in a medical context, it could refer to the source of water used in a healthcare facility for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and patient care, which must meet certain quality standards to prevent infection and ensure safety.
Environmental monitoring is the systematic and ongoing surveillance, measurement, and assessment of environmental parameters, pollutants, or other stressors in order to evaluate potential impacts on human health, ecological systems, or compliance with regulatory standards. This process typically involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources, such as air, water, soil, and biota, and using this information to inform decisions related to public health, environmental protection, and resource management.
In medical terms, environmental monitoring may refer specifically to the assessment of environmental factors that can impact human health, such as air quality, water contamination, or exposure to hazardous substances. This type of monitoring is often conducted in occupational settings, where workers may be exposed to potential health hazards, as well as in community-based settings, where environmental factors may contribute to public health issues. The goal of environmental monitoring in a medical context is to identify and mitigate potential health risks associated with environmental exposures, and to promote healthy and safe environments for individuals and communities.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Fresh Water" is not a medical term. It is a term used to describe water that contains low concentrations of dissolved salts and other dissolved minerals. It is distinguished from saline water, which includes saltwater found in the ocean and brackish water found in estuaries. Fresh water is essential for many biological processes and is the primary source of water for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial use.
Water microbiology is not a formal medical term, but rather a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms found in water. It involves the identification, enumeration, and characterization of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microscopic organisms present in water sources such as lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater, drinking water, and wastewater.
In a medical context, water microbiology is relevant to public health because it helps to assess the safety of water supplies for human consumption and recreational activities. It also plays a critical role in understanding and preventing waterborne diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that can lead to illnesses such as diarrhea, skin infections, and respiratory problems.
Water microbiologists use various techniques to study water microorganisms, including culturing, microscopy, genetic analysis, and biochemical tests. They also investigate the ecology of these organisms, their interactions with other species, and their response to environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability.
Overall, water microbiology is a vital field that helps ensure the safety of our water resources and protects public health.
Environmental health is a branch of public health that focuses on the study of how environmental factors, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, impact human health and disease. It involves the assessment, control, and prevention of environmental hazards in order to protect and promote human health and well-being.
Environmental health encompasses a wide range of issues, such as air and water quality, food safety, waste management, housing conditions, occupational health and safety, radiation protection, and climate change. It also involves the promotion of healthy behaviors and the development of policies and regulations to protect public health from environmental hazards.
The goal of environmental health is to create safe and healthy environments that support human health and well-being, prevent disease and injury, and promote sustainable communities. This requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves collaboration between various stakeholders, including policymakers, researchers, healthcare providers, community organizations, and the public.
Sewage is not typically considered a medical term, but it does have relevance to public health and medicine. Sewage is the wastewater that is produced by households and industries, which contains a variety of contaminants including human waste, chemicals, and other pollutants. It can contain various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can cause diseases in humans if they come into contact with it or consume contaminated food or water. Therefore, the proper treatment and disposal of sewage is essential to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and protect public health.
Air pollutants are substances or mixtures of substances present in the air that can have negative effects on human health, the environment, and climate. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, transportation, residential heating and cooking, agricultural activities, and natural events. Some common examples of air pollutants include particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Air pollutants can cause a range of health effects, from respiratory irritation and coughing to more serious conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and cancer. They can also contribute to climate change by reacting with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form harmful ground-level ozone and by directly absorbing or scattering sunlight, which can affect temperature and precipitation patterns.
Air quality standards and regulations have been established to limit the amount of air pollutants that can be released into the environment, and efforts are ongoing to reduce emissions and improve air quality worldwide.
Environmental pollution is the introduction or presence of harmful substances, energies, or objects in the environment that can cause adverse effects on living organisms and ecosystems. These pollutants can be in the form of chemical, physical, or biological agents that contaminate air, water, soil, or noise levels, exceeding safe limits established by environmental regulations.
Examples of environmental pollution include:
1. Air pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air that can cause respiratory and other health problems.
2. Water pollution: Contamination of water sources with chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, or other pollutants that can harm aquatic life and make the water unsafe for human consumption or recreational use.
3. Soil pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial waste in soil that can reduce soil fertility, contaminate crops, and pose a risk to human health.
4. Noise pollution: Excessive noise levels from transportation, industrial activities, or other sources that can cause stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss in humans and animals.
5. Light pollution: The excessive use of artificial light that can disrupt ecosystems, affect human circadian rhythms, and contribute to energy waste.
Environmental pollution is a significant global health issue that requires urgent attention and action from governments, industries, and individuals to reduce pollutant emissions, promote sustainable practices, and protect the environment for future generations.
Particulate Matter (PM) refers to the mixture of tiny particles and droplets in the air that are solid or liquid in nature. These particles vary in size, with some being visible to the naked eye while others can only be seen under a microscope. PM is classified based on its diameter:
* PM10 includes particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller. These particles are often found in dust, pollen, and smoke.
* PM2.5 includes particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller. These fine particles are produced from sources such as power plants, industrial processes, and vehicle emissions. They can also come from natural sources like wildfires.
Exposure to particulate matter has been linked to various health problems, including respiratory issues, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. The smaller the particle, the deeper it can penetrate into the lungs, making PM2.5 particularly harmful to human health.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gaseous air pollutant and respiratory irritant. It is a reddish-brown toxic gas with a pungent, choking odor. NO2 is a major component of smog and is produced from the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes.
Exposure to nitrogen dioxide can cause respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing, especially in people with asthma or other respiratory conditions. Long-term exposure has been linked to the development of chronic lung diseases, including bronchitis and emphysema. NO2 also contributes to the formation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause additional health problems.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is not a medical term per se, but it's an important chemical compound with implications in human health and medicine. Here's a brief definition:
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor. It is primarily released into the atmosphere as a result of human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels (like coal and oil) and the smelting of metals. SO2 is also produced naturally during volcanic eruptions and some biological processes.
In medical terms, exposure to high levels of sulfur dioxide can have adverse health effects, particularly for people with respiratory conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). SO2 can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, causing coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and a tight feeling in the chest. Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of SO2 may exacerbate existing respiratory issues and lead to decreased lung function.
Regulations are in place to limit sulfur dioxide emissions from industrial sources to protect public health and reduce air pollution.
Indoor air pollution refers to the contamination of air within buildings and structures due to presence of particles, gases, or biological materials that can harmfully affect the health of occupants. These pollutants can originate from various sources including cooking stoves, heating systems, building materials, furniture, tobacco products, outdoor air, and microbial growth. Some common indoor air pollutants include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and mold. Prolonged exposure to these pollutants can cause a range of health issues, from respiratory problems to cancer, depending on the type and level of exposure. Effective ventilation, air filtration, and source control are some of the strategies used to reduce indoor air pollution.
'Vehicle Emissions' is not a term typically used in medical definitions. However, in a broader context, it refers to the gases and particles released into the atmosphere by vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, and airplanes. The main pollutants found in vehicle emissions include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Exposure to these pollutants can have negative health effects, including respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, vehicle emissions are a significant public health concern.
Environmental exposure refers to the contact of an individual with any chemical, physical, or biological agent in the environment that can cause a harmful effect on health. These exposures can occur through various pathways such as inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Examples of environmental exposures include air pollution, water contamination, occupational chemicals, and allergens. The duration and level of exposure, as well as the susceptibility of the individual, can all contribute to the risk of developing an adverse health effect.
Ozone (O3) is not a substance that is typically considered a component of health or medicine in the context of human body or physiology. It's actually a form of oxygen, but with three atoms instead of two, making it unstable and reactive. Ozone is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere, where it forms a protective layer in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
However, ozone can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on human health depending on its location and concentration. At ground level or in indoor environments, ozone is considered an air pollutant that can irritate the respiratory system and aggravate asthma symptoms when inhaled at high concentrations. It's important to note that ozone should not be confused with oxygen (O2), which is essential for human life and breathing.
Body water refers to the total amount of water present in the human body. It is an essential component of life and makes up about 60-70% of an adult's body weight. Body water is distributed throughout various fluid compartments within the body, including intracellular fluid (water inside cells), extracellular fluid (water outside cells), and transcellular fluid (water found in specific bodily spaces such as the digestive tract, eyes, and joints). Maintaining proper hydration and balance of body water is crucial for various physiological processes, including temperature regulation, nutrient transportation, waste elimination, and overall health.
Respiratory tract diseases refer to a broad range of medical conditions that affect the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat (pharynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. These diseases can be categorized into upper and lower respiratory tract infections based on the location of the infection.
Upper respiratory tract infections affect the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, and include conditions such as the common cold, flu, sinusitis, and laryngitis. Symptoms often include nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, and fever.
Lower respiratory tract infections affect the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs, and can be more severe. They include conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Symptoms may include cough, chest congestion, shortness of breath, and fever.
Respiratory tract diseases can also be caused by allergies, irritants, or genetic factors. Treatment varies depending on the specific condition and severity but may include medications, breathing treatments, or surgery in severe cases.
Epidemiological monitoring is the systematic and ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data pertaining to a specific population or community, with the aim of identifying and tracking patterns of disease or injury, understanding their causes, and informing public health interventions and policies. This process typically involves the use of surveillance systems, such as disease registries, to collect data on the incidence, prevalence, and distribution of health outcomes of interest, as well as potential risk factors and exposures. The information generated through epidemiological monitoring can help to identify trends and emerging health threats, inform resource allocation and program planning, and evaluate the impact of public health interventions.
I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Cities" is not a medical term or concept, but rather a geographical and sociopolitical one referring to large, densely populated urban areas. If you're looking for information about health-related topics associated with cities, I would be happy to help! For example, there are many public health issues that are closely linked to city living, such as air pollution, infectious diseases, and chronic conditions like obesity and heart disease. Please let me know if you have any specific questions in mind!
Water purification is the process of removing or reducing contaminants in water to make it safe and suitable for specific uses, such as drinking, cooking, irrigation, or medical purposes. This is typically achieved through physical, chemical, or biological methods, or a combination thereof. The goal is to eliminate or reduce harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, parasites, heavy metals, pesticides, and other pollutants that can cause illness or negatively impact human health, aquatic life, or the environment.
The specific purification methods used may vary depending on the nature of the contaminants and the desired level of purity for the intended use. Common techniques include filtration (using various types of filters like activated carbon, ceramic, or reverse osmosis), disinfection (using chemicals like chlorine or UV light to kill microorganisms), sedimentation (allowing particles to settle and be removed), and distillation (heating water to create steam, which is then condensed back into pure water).
In the context of medical and health sciences, particle size generally refers to the diameter or dimension of particles, which can be in the form of solid particles, droplets, or aerosols. These particles may include airborne pollutants, pharmaceutical drugs, or medical devices such as nanoparticles used in drug delivery systems.
Particle size is an important factor to consider in various medical applications because it can affect the behavior and interactions of particles with biological systems. For example, smaller particle sizes can lead to greater absorption and distribution throughout the body, while larger particle sizes may be filtered out by the body's natural defense mechanisms. Therefore, understanding particle size and its implications is crucial for optimizing the safety and efficacy of medical treatments and interventions.
Urban health is a branch of public health that focuses on the unique health challenges and disparities faced by urban populations. It encompasses the physical, mental, and social well-being of people living in urban areas, which are characterized by high population density, diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds, and unique environmental exposures.
Urban health addresses a range of issues, including infectious diseases, chronic conditions, injuries, violence, and mental health disorders, as well as the social determinants of health such as housing, education, income, and access to healthcare services. It also considers the impact of urbanization on health, including the effects of pollution, noise, crowding, and lack of green spaces.
The goal of urban health is to promote health equity and improve the overall health outcomes of urban populations by addressing these challenges through evidence-based interventions, policies, and programs that are tailored to the unique needs of urban communities.
List of environmental issues
Environmental engineering science
United States regulation of point source water pollution
Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant radioactive dumps
Urban evolution
Environment of Scotland
Groundwater pollution
Waste management in Kazakhstan
Legacy pollution
Camp Lejeune water contamination
Yenakiieve
Yunokomunarivsk
Lake Malawi
Chemical waste
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
Remediation of contaminated sites with cement
Scottish Environment Protection Agency
AquaSalina
Human impact on the environment
Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station
Elim, Alaska
Environmental medicine
Bear Island (Svalbard)
Pollution in the Arctic Ocean
Pollution of Lake Karachay
Produced water
The Weapon of Night
Geography of Taiwan
Industrial waste
Human impact on river systems
Marine pollution
Escravos River
Environmental issues- Air pollution, water pollution, solid waste, Agro-chemicals & Radioactive waste - Kaunsacollege: LMS
Environmental Issues - Air Pollution and its Control, Water Pollution and Its Control, Solid Wastes, Agro-chemicals and their...
List of environmental issues - Wikipedia
Common hazardous products | Metro
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
EWG Tap Water Database | Ryan Utilities Authority
Latest news, opinion, analysis on uranium, Videos, photos, magazine stories | Down To Earth
EWG Tap Water Database | Fairview Township Water Authority
JIM WALKER AND TAIWAN
Book - 250 Years of Industrial Consumption and Transformation of Nature: Impacts on Global Ecosystems and Life |...
LIP - Research
FUKUSHIMA POISON RELEASED - RADIO ECOSHOCK
Water Pollution | WWF
The KrugRomm Hybrid | Discover Magazine
ZetaTalk Chat Q&A for November 20, 2010
NEET Biology Syllabus
Passage of Senate Bill 19-181: New Era of Change and Uncertainty for Oil and Gas Operations in Colorado | Publications |...
10 Brutal Realities Of Life After The Nuclear Apocalypse - Listverse
Fossil and nuclear fuel extraction (article) | Khan Academy
Come hell or high water | MIT Technology Review
A mining company buys out homeowners to avoid full cleanup - Los Angeles Times
Environmental Justice Must Include White Mesa Uranium Mill | Grand Canyon Trust
FOREST AND POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN | PPT
Acceptance speech - Hans-Peter Dürr - Right Livelihood
Causes of Water Pollution
The Macroscope: Chap. 3
Chemical Reactivity Of Chemicals - Chemistry Grade 11 - Lab | Ostatic
Efficient Prediction of Water Quality Index (WQI) Using Machine Learning Algorithms | Atlantis Press
Department of Energy v. Ohio :: 503 U.S. 607 (1992) :: Justia US Supreme Court Center
Groundwater Pollution and Remediation
Contamination8
- Then, Japan suddenly released an aerial map of radioactive contamination, developed with the U.S. Energy Agency. (ecoshock.org)
- Uranium mining and milling left a trail of contamination and suffering, from miners who died of lung cancer while the federal government kept the risks secret to the largest radioactive spill in the country's history. (latimes.com)
- Water contamination has become increasingly significant as the economy has grown and urbanization has expanded. (atlantis-press.com)
- Water contamination is said to be the cause of 80% of health problems in impoverished countries. (atlantis-press.com)
- And the contamination of water, air, and the land is a direct consequence. (diduknowonline.com)
- Contamination of water with radioactive materials and/or substances. (nih.gov)
- Water damage to buildings can lead to mold contamination. (cdc.gov)
- CDC, ATSDR and EPA independently have long supported local organizations and governments dealing with complex, localized environmental health issues, such as lead in homes, pollution-induced asthma, and drinking water contamination. (cdc.gov)
Pollutants8
- Not only does this spell disaster for aquatic ecosystems, the pollutants also seep through and reach the groundwater, which might end up in our households as contaminated water we use in our daily activities, including drinking. (panda.org)
- Pollutants can be of varying kinds: organic, inorganic, radioactive and so on. (panda.org)
- But it didn't stop there, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds, lubricants and hot water were also discharged by power plants causing further pollution. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
- The water cycle takes water vapor from the air with added air pollutants and turns it into water droplets for the oceans. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
- The impurity of water sources by chemical, physical, and radioactive pollutants is the most common cause of water pollution [ 2 ]. (atlantis-press.com)
- The Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) prohibit the discharge or disposal of pollutants without a permit, assign primary authority to issue permits to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and allow EPA to authorize a State to supplant the federal permit program with one of its own under specified circumstances. (justia.com)
- Groundwater pollution is imminent in most developing countries as a result of increased anthropogenic activities apart from possible natural pollutants. (scirp.org)
- Garbage and solid waste are part of the main water pollutants . (diduknowonline.com)
Isotopes6
- Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C), sulfur (δ34S), oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δ2H), nitrogen (δ15N), and radioactive isotope of hydrogen (tritium) have been applied in combination with conventional techniques (chemical) to investigate Karachi coastal water pollution due to Layari and Malir rivers, which mainly carry the domestic and industrial wastewater of Karachi Metropolitan. (intechopen.com)
- Radioactive isotopes are used in research laboratories. (homeoflearning.in)
- The habitation and environment are affected by the stable isotopes of caesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr), as well as by their radioactive isotopes. (bvsalud.org)
- Alpha particle ( ionizing radiation ) - two neutrons and two protons bound as a single particle (a helium nucleus) that is emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive isotopes in the process of disintegration. (cdc.gov)
- Background radioactivity - radioactive elements in the natural environment including those in the crust of the earth (like radioactive potassium, uranium, and thorium isotopes) and those produced by cosmic rays. (cdc.gov)
- Beta particle ( ionizing radiation ) - a charged particle emitted from the nucleus of certain unstable atomic nuclei (radioactive isotopes), having the charge and mass of an electron. (cdc.gov)
Uranium11
- But for four decades, the management of more than 250 million tons of radioactive uranium mill waste has been largely overlooked, continuing to pose a public health threat. (latimes.com)
- In a hopeful move for the future of efforts to close and clean up the White Mesa uranium mill, President Biden's first full week on the job included two key actions that can help address radioactive and toxic pollution in southeast Utah on the doorstep of Bears Ears National Monument and next to the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe's White Mesa community. (grandcanyontrust.org)
- And, as a recipient of mined uranium as well as a processor of uranium-laden waste and a de facto low-cost radioactive waste dump that stores the toxic leftovers from that processing and mining on-site, the mill must be viewed through the lens of environmental justice as well. (grandcanyontrust.org)
- Community members are concerned about the uranium mill just over three miles from their community that belches acrid smoke from its stacks and dumps toxic and radioactive waste in ponds built atop ancient burial grounds. (grandcanyontrust.org)
- This is a story that's too familiar - the toxic legacy of uranium and the nuclear fuel cycle have disproportionately harmed Indigenous communities across the nation, from the Midnite Mine on the Spokane Indian Reservation to the contaminated piles of radioactive tailings left over from the Cold War uranium boom on the Navajo Nation. (grandcanyontrust.org)
- The mining of ores like uranium produces radioactive by-products resulting in radioactive pollution. (homeoflearning.in)
- The use of Uranium 235 and Plutonium 239 while testing nuclear weapons leads to the emission of radioactive wastes. (homeoflearning.in)
- Phosphogypsum contains appreciable quantities of uranium and its decay products, such as radium-226," according to the EPA , which also notes that because the fertilizer production process concentrates waste material, "phosphogypsum is more radioactive than the original phosphate rock. (usf.edu)
- Control samples produced as 1µm size uranium oxide particles are described for the calibration of the instrumental techniques when applied for the characterisation of environmental radioactive particles. (tib.eu)
- Depleted uranium has several peaceful applications: as counterweights or ballast in aircraft, radiation shields in medical equipment used for radiation therapy and containers for the transport of radioactive materials. (who.int)
- Ingestion could occur in large sections of the population if their drinking-water or food became contaminated with depleted uranium. (who.int)
Wastes2
- Aquatic organisms then consume these radioactive wastes which are passed onto humans by the food chain. (homeoflearning.in)
- The radioactive wastes emitted by these power plants are extremely dangerous for living organisms. (homeoflearning.in)
Waste18
- Because of the high concentration of hogs in Taiwan, hog waste and environmental pollution have been a problem. (sovereignty.org.uk)
- Water pollution can be caused in a number of ways, one of the most polluting being city sewage and industrial waste discharge. (panda.org)
- Their town was polluted with radioactive waste. (latimes.com)
- One of the most highly reported causes of water pollution is probably the washing of waste chemicals from industry straight into rivers and reservoirs. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
- For years industrial units released all sorts of acids, toxins, heavy metals, dyes, pesticides and even radioactive waste. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
- Due to limited infrastructure and funds, developing countries often still don't treat their waste water. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
- Several variables can affect water efficiency, including the calcium content in natural water, as well as industrial waste, stones, and contaminated sewage, which can all be considered calcium sources, resulting in poor water quality. (atlantis-press.com)
- As we have seen, the main causes of water pollution come from the way of life of human beings and, especially, from the way we consume natural resources and have by-products and waste from our activities. (diduknowonline.com)
- The waste of drinking water is a daily reality, ranging from the tap that is open while lathering our hands, to the drinking water that we splurge "cleaning" the sidewalk. (diduknowonline.com)
- The decrease in the solid waste that will give, in one way or another, water or sanitary landfills in contact with groundwater, can occur through recycling and more responsible consumption. (diduknowonline.com)
- But with the continued push to build more oil pipelines across the country and the ongoing question of what to do with the 75,000 tons of radioactive waste sitting in pools and dry casks at nuclear power plants, you know it's "the wide-open spaces" that always look most appealing when powerbrokers are looking for impending environmental disaster locations away from their friends and neighbors. (indianz.com)
- Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis has approved a plan to use phosphogypsum, a radioactive waste material, in "demonstration projects. (usf.edu)
- Florida is another step closer to paving its roads with phosphogypsum - a radioactive waste material from the fertilizer industry - after Gov. Ron DeSantis signed a controversial bill into law Thursday. (usf.edu)
- Bennett criticized the plan, saying that under the new law, radioactive waste would be dumped in roadways "under the guise of a so-called feasibility study that won't address serious health and safety concerns. (usf.edu)
- Estimated cost of cleaning up the Department of Energy's contaminated sites, including soil, water, and groundwater pollution and treating radioactive waste, according to a watchdog agency's audit . (circleofblue.org)
- SEPA and Scottish Government are consulting on plans for a single authorisation framework to bring together all the permissioning arrangements for SEPA's four main regulatory (water, waste, radioactive substances and Pollution Prevention and Control) into a integrated permissioning structure and under a single standardised procedure. (organics-recycling.org.uk)
- Polluting industries that emit heavy metals, hazardous waste and radioactive waste will be monitored most closely. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- A consultation launched this month proposes combined authorisation, monitoring and enforcement approaches for the regulation of water discharges, waste management, radioactive substances and pollution prevention and control. (burges-salmon.com)
Substances7
- Water pollution happens when toxic substances enter water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and so on, getting dissolved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on the bed. (panda.org)
- Then respiration reactions coupled with photosynthesis made possible the complete and clean combustion of organic substances into carbon dioxide and water. (ac.be)
- Water is the most abundant liquid substance on the planet and the universal solvent present in most substances and in all living beings, which without it could not exist. (diduknowonline.com)
- However, that has not prevented numerous human activities from generating an important impact on the water quality of the planet, by disposing of liquid, solid and even gaseous substances in the environment. (diduknowonline.com)
- Changes in temperature, pH and other water properties due to added substances or suspended solids affect the behavior of the liquid masses, reducing their evaporation and therefore their precipitation and altering the local climate. (diduknowonline.com)
- The release of radioactive substances into the atmosphere, water, and soil mainly because of human activities is known as radioactive pollution. (homeoflearning.in)
- An average or expected amount of a substance or radioactive material in a specific environment, or typical amounts of substances that occur naturally in an environment. (cdc.gov)
Release of radioactive1
- Chemicals linked to cancer are present in nearly all of the steps of extraction -- in the fracking fluids, the release of radioactive and other hazardous materials from the shale, and in transportation and drilling related air pollution and contaminated water disposal. (prwatch.org)
Groundwater Pollution4
- This study reviewed groundwater pollution and discussed possible remediation measures. (scirp.org)
- Groundwater pollution may cause ecosystem imbalance apart from severe sickness which may lead to death. (scirp.org)
- Prevention of groundwater pollution is more appropriate than remediation. (scirp.org)
- Talabi, A. and Kayode, T. (2019) Groundwater Pollution and Remediation. (scirp.org)
Nuclide1
- Activity - the mean number of decays per unit time of a radioactive nuclide expressed as disintegrations per second. (cdc.gov)
Humans4
- Water is an inorganic, transparent, and colourless chemical substance that is required for the survival of most existing organisms and humans. (atlantis-press.com)
- The distribution of world's water skewed towards saline water dominance which placed restriction on its availability for humans, agriculture and industrial uses. (scirp.org)
- How Can Factory Pollution Affect Humans? (field.org.uk)
- While it may seem that what we do on an individual basis is not going to make much of a difference, the more of us that do try to do our best to tackle air pollution will give us, as humans, a much better chance in the long run. (field.org.uk)
Contaminants4
- Legal limits for contaminants in tap water have not been updated in almost 20 years. (ewg.org)
- Indirect sources of water pollution include contaminants that enter the water supply from soils or groundwater systems and from the atmosphere via rain. (panda.org)
- In fact, the list of possible water contaminants is just too vast to be listed here. (panda.org)
- What are the Water Contaminants? (diduknowonline.com)
Particles3
- These radioactive particles are then carried away by the wind to different places or are brought down by rain. (homeoflearning.in)
- Air pollution not only contains gaseous matter but also solid particles. (homeoflearning.in)
- Examples of the characterisation in terms of morphology, structure, elemental and isotopic composition of radioactive environmental particles detected in sediments and soil samples from different origin are illustrated. (tib.eu)
Nitrogen2
- As the exhaust passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are changed to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, respectively. (neetexampdf.com)
- Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons are some major sources of pollution. (homeoflearning.in)
Aquatic2
- In a spill the thick sludge of oil floats on top of the water blocking sunlight, an essential element for the aquatic plants to photosynthesize and hindering the circulation of oxygen to the marine animals. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
- Aquatic noxious weed control - Water quality permits - Definition. (wa.gov)
Spills1
- They worry about radioactive spills along the highway that runs through their community, past the mill, and toward the nearest grocery store. (grandcanyontrust.org)
Radiation1
- A New York Times expose in 2011, released secret EPA documents that illustrated how this water is sometimes sent to sewage plants that are not designed to process the dangerous chemicals or radiation which in some instances are used in municipal drinking supplies or are released into rivers and streams that supply drinking water. (prwatch.org)
Gallons1
- One gas well can produce over a million gallons of contaminated water. (prwatch.org)
Soil pollution2
- Water pollution, soil pollution and radioactive pollution all have their obvious impacts on health, but air pollution is the one that will affect the most people each year. (field.org.uk)
- This results in soil pollution which in turn pollutes water. (homeoflearning.in)
Prevention1
- In India, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act came into force in 1981, but was amended in 1987 to include noise as an air pollutant. (neetexampdf.com)
Radon2
Contaminant3
- Arsenic is a potent carcinogen and common contaminant in drinking water. (ewg.org)
- The EWG Health Guideline of 0.004 ppb for arsenic was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. (ewg.org)
- Pollution occurrence depends on the level of contaminant transported. (scirp.org)
Sediments1
- The higher heavy metal contents of Manora Channel water and sediments can be attributed to an influx of a major portion of untreated industrial and/or domestic wastewater. (intechopen.com)
Discharge5
- The DEC found that the resulting water contained levels of radium-226, some as high as 267 times the limit for safe discharge into the environment and more than 3000 times the limit safe for people to drink. (prwatch.org)
- On the other hand, non-point source is difficult to monitor and control because the pollution cannot be traced to a single point of discharge. (scirp.org)
- Discharge of polluting matter in waters prohibited. (wa.gov)
- Agreements or contracts to monitor waters and effluent discharge. (wa.gov)
- Discharge of oil into waters of the state - Definitions. (wa.gov)
Biological3
- Pollution is any undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, land, water or soil. (neetexampdf.com)
- Water quality is dictated by features such as dissolved oxygen (DO), total coliform (TC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), Nitrate, pH, and electric conductivity (EC). (atlantis-press.com)
- Methods of bacteriological control and biological control of water. (diduknowonline.com)
Algal2
- Eutrophication often causes algal blooms (rapid increase in population of algae) which starve the waters and marine life of oxygen and hence also life, the negative effects of eutrophication are magnified in still bodies of water such as lakes and ponds. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
- Both compounds used in fertilisers can cause water pollution and excessive algal growth. (avivainvestors.com)
Environment8
- In order to control environmental pollution, the Government of India has passed the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to protect and improve the quality of our environment (air, water and soil). (neetexampdf.com)
- Man, a land organism, is influencing the chemical composition of sea water more than any of the species that live within the marine environment," said Edward D. Goldberg, Professor of Chemistry at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. (technologyreview.com)
- This means recognizing that people and their environment are intertwined, and that the high costs of pollution have been disproportionately paid by communities of color, including Indigenous communities like White Mesa. (grandcanyontrust.org)
- To repay our debt to the environment we could make a concentrated effort to reduce and eradicate water pollution and unplug these pollution sinks? (theinnovationdiaries.com)
- The quality of water has a direct influence on both human health and the environment. (atlantis-press.com)
- In truth, the repercussions of contaminated drinking water are quite harmful, posing a serious condition to human health, the environment, and infrastructure. (atlantis-press.com)
- Manora Channel water was also depleted in δ13CTDIC and δ34S during low tide environment, showing a large-scale domestic wastewater mixing with seawater. (intechopen.com)
- The term background is also sometimes used in this report to indicate radioactive elements present in the environment that are not a direct result of SRS activities (e.g. atmospheric weapons testing fallout, see definition for fallout ). (cdc.gov)
Carbon1
- Travelers should be mindful of, and limit exposures to, outdoor and indoor air pollution and carbon monoxide ( Table 4-02 ). (cdc.gov)
Degradation3
- The need of the hour is to check the degradation and depletion of our precious natural resources and pollution without halting the process of development. (neetexampdf.com)
- The increase in population and its attendant problems (depletion of natural resources, environmental degradation, conflicts and wars, lack of adequate food, water, shelter, education and employment, high cost of living and increase in anthropogenic activities) have placed stress on the available global fresh water leading to water crisis in the world. (scirp.org)
- Claiming that the current interpretation of waters protected by the Clean Water Act is "leading to significant environmental degradation," Biden administration officials announced they would scrap the Trump-era definition and undergo yet another rewrite of the contentious rule. (circleofblue.org)
Materials2
- The Marcellus Shale in the northeast part of the United States also naturally contains radioactive materials, including radium, which is largely locked away in the bedrock. (prwatch.org)
- Since the Industrial Revolution and the exponential growth of the world population during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the needs of water, energy and raw materials of humanity has only increased. (diduknowonline.com)
Species2
- Water species can only withstand a certain amount of pollution. (atlantis-press.com)
- The presence of certain chemicals in the water can cause the abnormal proliferation of certain microbes or algae, which unbalances the trophic chain and generates abnormal competencies that, in the long run, cause the excessive death of certain species that will decompose by adding organic matter to the Water. (diduknowonline.com)
Further spreading1
- Time and again, they missed their deadlines while further spreading pollution in the communities. (latimes.com)
Contributors1
- As factories, power stations and traffic are the biggest contributors to air pollution, we should be doing all that we can to minimise how much we actually use each of them. (field.org.uk)
Abundant1
- This radioactive gas, abundant in granitic areas, is recognized as a carcinogenic agent, and is appointed by the World Health Organization as the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoke. (lip.pt)
Particulate1
- According to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), particulate size 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM 2.5) are responsible for causing the greatest harm to human health. (neetexampdf.com)
Agricultural3
- It dictates the pace of settlement and agricultural and industrial development of any society and even in recent time, establishment of any human settlement is usually centered on available source of water supply and in modern time, issue of water has equally taken prominences in global matters [1]. (scirp.org)
- The first nationwide survey of sources of industrial, agricultural and residential pollution has been launched, it was announced on Friday. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- The headquarters of the census has been established, comprised of officials from SEPA and the Ministry of Agriculture, which manages agricultural pollution. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Atmospheric1
- Automobiles are a major cause for atmospheric pollution atleast in the metro cities. (neetexampdf.com)
Rivers3
- Layari and Malir river water was observed to be depleted in δ13C(TDIC)and δ34S, which showed heavy influx of sewage into these rivers. (intechopen.com)
- Water pollution occurs when natural waters ( lakes, rivers, seas, etc. ) are present various types of foreign chemicals to its original composition, which modify its properties making it unhealthy, harmful to life and therefore useless for fishing, agriculture, recreation, and human consumption. (diduknowonline.com)
- Water pollution has also been worsening: 26 percent of surface water is totally unusable, 62 percent is unsuitable for fish and 90 percent of the rivers running through cities are polluted. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Superfund1
- Of course, this doesn't take into account the 1322 Superfund sites that affect land, air and water and occur in every state of the union - from 105 in New Jersey to 1 in Nevada. (indianz.com)
Chemical3
- Not only has the chemical cocktail inserted into the ground been shown to contaminate groundwater and drinking water, but fracking fluid also picks up toxins on its trip down to the bedrock and back up again that had previously been safely locked away underground. (prwatch.org)
- During that same period, chemical oxygen demand (COD), a major index of water pollution, fell only 2.1 percent. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- A chemical for which a sample (such as water, air, or blood) is tested in a laboratory. (cdc.gov)
Shale2
- The process, which injects water and chemicals into the ground to release "natural" gas and oil from shale bedrock, has been shown to contribute significantly to air and water pollution and has even been linked to earthquakes . (prwatch.org)
- The New York's Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) analyzed 13 samples of water, contaminated by the fracking process, as a result of the hydraulic fracturing of the shale during the extraction process. (prwatch.org)
Climate1
- The American Lung Association states that at the same time the pendulum has swung toward the positive in clean-up, it's shifted toward the negative due to climate change, wildfires and drought - all of which cause increased short-term particle pollution in the air and affect public health. (indianz.com)
Quality17
- EWG's drinking water quality report shows results of tests conducted by the water utility and provided to the Environmental Working Group by the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, as well as information from the U.S. EPA Enforcement and Compliance History database (ECHO). (ewg.org)
- Water quality regulations have been adopted in recent years and efforts have been made to implement on-farm manure treatment. (sovereignty.org.uk)
- This degrades the quality of water. (panda.org)
- The water quality index (WQI) is a critical indication for proper water management. (atlantis-press.com)
- The purpose of this work was to use machine learning techniques such as RF, NN, MLR, SVM, and BTM to categorize a dataset of water quality in various places across India. (atlantis-press.com)
- Water of sufficient quality is required for living creatures to survive. (atlantis-press.com)
- Water quality monitoring is a must to keep a reliable and safe water supply. (atlantis-press.com)
- The study of various strategies for predicting water quality in reservoirs has both theoretical and practical implications [ 1 ]. (atlantis-press.com)
- Using different ANN models, several types of research have been conducted to simulate and predict water quality. (atlantis-press.com)
- The probability and usefulness of using ANN applications to forecast the quality of drinking water have been confirmed in these investigations. (atlantis-press.com)
- Most of you will know that the air quality around us will have an effect on the quality of life that we lead but did any of you know just how badly air pollution can affect our health in the long term? (field.org.uk)
- Heavy metal contents of the Manora Channel and southeast coastal waters were higher than the Swedish guidelines for the quality of seawater. (intechopen.com)
- Conservation groups had urged the governor to veto the bill, saying phosphogypsum would hurt water quality and put road construction crews at a higher risk of cancer. (usf.edu)
- The Water Quality Protection and Job Creation Act does so through a mix of grants, loans, and pilot projects, including reauthorizing the Clean Water State Revolving Fund at $8 billion a year and a $50-million-a-year grant program for low-income homeowners with failing septic systems to upgrade their systems or connect to public infrastructure. (circleofblue.org)
- Water quality standards affected by forest practices - Department of ecology solely responsible for water quality standards - Forest practices rules - Adoption - Examination - Enforcement procedures. (wa.gov)
- Water quality standards - Compliance methods - Department authority. (wa.gov)
- Forest practices act and regulations relating to water quality protection to be utilized to satisfy federal water pollution act. (wa.gov)
Acid2
- Bromochloroacetic acid is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. (ewg.org)
- So this process called acid rain feeds the pollution back into the water basin. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
Ecosystem3
- Water-based vegetation is nourished and thrives, only too fast, clogging up the ecosystem. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
- They become concentrated in specific parts of the ecosystem, 'pollution sinks', in for example groundwater stores. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
- Water is a key ingredient surporting food production, sanitation and rural livelihoods, as well as ensuring continuity and functioning of ecosystem. (scirp.org)
Risks1
- An analysis commissioned by the Fertilizer Institute , a group that represents the fertilizer industry, disagrees, saying that using phosphogypsum in road construction won't produce radioactive doses that are above the EPA's acceptable risks. (usf.edu)
Gases1
- The presence of one or more harmful gases in the atmosphere is known as air pollution. (homeoflearning.in)
Fluids1
- As I received my third message in as many hours about massive pollution sites across the country I was reminded of legendary oceanographer and scientist Jacques-Yves Cousteau, who once observed "Water and air, the two essential fluids on which all life depends, have become global garbage cans. (indianz.com)
Mill2
- The mill pollutes the air, the water, and the land. (grandcanyontrust.org)
- They worry about pollution of the water table beneath the mill - water that flows toward their community underground, and that feeds springs important for spiritual purposes. (grandcanyontrust.org)
Chemicals3
- This technique, also called fracking involves injecting a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into the ground at high pressure, creating fractures in the rock from which oil and natural gas are released. (khanacademy.org)
- Chemicals are injected into a J-shaped well that passes across layers of underground rock and water. (khanacademy.org)
- Particularly when the weather is dry and hot water evaporates and leaves the harmful chemicals behind focused in one area. (theinnovationdiaries.com)
Efficiency1
- Predicting water efficiency factors is a troublesome element of any hydrophyte system's examination. (atlantis-press.com)
Lime1
- In a scrubber, the exhaust is passed through a spray of water or lime. (neetexampdf.com)