Vitaceae
Cissus
Interactive effects of water stress and xylem-limited bacterial infection on the water relations of a host vine. (1/12)
Xylella fastidiosa, a xylem-limited bacterial pathogen that causes bacterial leaf scorch in its hosts, has a diverse and extensive host range among plant species worldwide. Previous work has shown that water stress enhances leaf scorch symptom severity and progression along the stem in Parthenocissus quinquefolia infected by X. fastidiosa. The objective here was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the interaction of water stress and infection by X. fastidiosa. Using the eastern deciduous forest vine, P. quinquefolia, infection and water availability were manipulated while measuring leaf water potentials (psi(L)), stomatal conductance (g(s)), whole shoot hydraulic conductance (K(h)), per cent xylem embolism, and xylem vessel dimensions. No significant differences in any of the physiological measurements were found between control and infected plants prior to drought. Drought treatment significantly reduced psi(L) and g(s) at all leaf positions throughout the day in late summer in both years of the study. In addition, infection significantly reduced psi(L) and g(s) in the most basal leaf positions in late summer in both years. Whole shoot hydraulic conductance was reduced by both low water and infection treatments. However, per cent embolized vessels and mean vessel diameter were affected by drought treatment only. These results imply that the major effect of infection by X. fastidiosa occurs due to reduced hydraulic conductance caused by clogging of the vessels, and not increased cavitation and embolism of xylem elements. The reduced K(h) caused by X. fastidiosa infection acts additively with the water limitation imposed by Drought stress. (+info)Host-to-parasite gene transfer in flowering plants: phylogenetic evidence from Malpighiales. (2/12)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between sexually unrelated species has recently been documented for higher plants, but mechanistic explanations for HGTs have remained speculative. We show that a parasitic relationship may facilitate HGT between flowering plants. The endophytic parasites Rafflesiaceae are placed in the diverse order Malpighiales. Our multigene phylogenetic analyses of Malpighiales show that mitochondrial (matR) and nuclear loci (18S ribosomal DNA and PHYC) place Rafflesiaceae in Malpighiales, perhaps near Ochnaceae/Clusiaceae. Mitochondrial nad1B-C, however, groups them within Vitaceae, near their obligate host Tetrastigma. These discordant phylogenetic hypotheses strongly suggest that part of the mitochondrial genome in Rafflesiaceae was acquired via HGT from their hosts. (+info)Phylogenetic analyses of Vitis (Vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids. (3/12)
BACKGROUND: The Vitaceae (grape) is an economically important family of angiosperms whose phylogenetic placement is currently unresolved. Recent phylogenetic analyses based on one to several genes have suggested several alternative placements of this family, including sister to Caryophyllales, asterids, Saxifragales, Dilleniaceae or to rest of rosids, though support for these different results has been weak. There has been a recent interest in using complete chloroplast genome sequences for resolving phylogenetic relationships among angiosperms. These studies have clarified relationships among several major lineages but they have also emphasized the importance of taxon sampling and the effects of different phylogenetic methods for obtaining accurate phylogenies. We sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of Vitis vinifera and used these data to assess relationships among 27 angiosperms, including nine taxa of rosids. RESULTS: The Vitis vinifera chloroplast genome is 160,928 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeats of 26,358 bp that are separated by small and large single copy regions of 19,065 bp and 89,147 bp, respectively. The gene content and order of Vitis is identical to many other unrearranged angiosperm chloroplast genomes, including tobacco. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood were performed on DNA sequences of 61 protein-coding genes for two datasets with 28 or 29 taxa, including eight or nine taxa from four of the seven currently recognized major clades of rosids. Parsimony and likelihood phylogenies of both data sets provide strong support for the placement of Vitaceae as sister to the remaining rosids. However, the position of the Myrtales and support for the monophyly of the eurosid I clade differs between the two data sets and the two methods of analysis. In parsimony analyses, the inclusion of Gossypium is necessary to obtain trees that support the monophyly of the eurosid I clade. However, maximum likelihood analyses place Cucumis as sister to the Myrtales and therefore do not support the monophyly of the eurosid I clade. CONCLUSION: Phylogenies based on DNA sequences from complete chloroplast genome sequences provide strong support for the position of the Vitaceae as the earliest diverging lineage of rosids. Our phylogenetic analyses support recent assertions that inadequate taxon sampling and incorrect model specification for concatenated multi-gene data sets can mislead phylogenetic inferences when using whole chloroplast genomes for phylogeny reconstruction. (+info)Antimalarial activity of a new stilbene glycoside from Parthenocissus tricuspidata in mice. (4/12)
(+info)Low level of polymorphism in two putative NPR1 homologs in the Vitaceae family. (5/12)
(+info)Antiproliferative compounds of Cyphostemma greveana from a Madagascar dry forest. (6/12)
(+info)Evolution of the intercontinental disjunctions in six continents in the Ampelopsis clade of the grape family (Vitaceae). (7/12)
(+info)Phenolic content, antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity of Leea indica leaves. (8/12)
(+info)"Vitaceae" is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in botany. It refers to the grape family, which includes around 800 species of plants. Some of these plants are used in traditional medicine and may have some health benefits, but "Vitaceae" itself does not have a specific medical definition.
"Cissus" is a genus of plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. It includes around 350 species of woody vines and shrubs that are found primarily in tropical regions around the world. Some species of Cissus have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, including wound healing and treating bone fractures. However, it is important to note that the use of these plants as a medical treatment should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can also have side effects and interact with other medications.
"Ampelopsis" is a genus of flowering plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. It includes about 25-30 species of woody vines that are native to warm temperate and subtropical regions of Asia, North America, and Central America. Some common names for Ampelopsis species include porcelain berry, Chinese vine, and American wisteria. These plants are known for their attractive foliage and clusters of small, brightly colored berries. They are often grown as ornamental plants, but some species can be invasive in certain areas.
There is no specific medical definition associated with "Ampelopsis" as it is a genus of plants and not a medical term. However, like many other plants, various parts of Ampelopsis species have been used in traditional medicine in different cultures. For example, the roots and stems of some Ampelopsis species have been used in Chinese medicine to treat various ailments such as fever, inflammation, and rheumatism. However, it is important to note that the safety and efficacy of these traditional uses have not been scientifically established, and some Ampelopsis species may contain compounds that are toxic or harmful if ingested in large quantities. Therefore, it is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using any plant or plant-based product for medicinal purposes.
"Vitis" is a genus name and it refers to a group of flowering plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. This genus includes over 70 species of grapes that are native to the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in North America and Asia. The most commonly cultivated species is "Vitis vinifera," which is the source of most of the world's table and wine grapes.
Therefore, a medical definition of 'Vitis' may not be directly applicable as it is more commonly used in botany and agriculture rather than medicine. However, some compounds derived from Vitis species have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, such as resveratrol found in the skin of red grapes, which has been investigated for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects.