Vestibular function tests. Medical search

A number of tests used to determine if the brain or balance portion of the inner ear are causing dizziness.

Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.

Recording of nystagmus based on changes in the electrical field surrounding the eye produced by the difference in potential between the cornea and the retina.

An oval, bony chamber of the inner ear, part of the bony labyrinth. It is continuous with bony COCHLEA anteriorly, and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS posteriorly. The vestibule contains two communicating sacs (utricle and saccule) of the balancing apparatus. The oval window on its lateral wall is occupied by the base of the STAPES of the MIDDLE EAR.

Elicitation of a rotatory nystagmus by stimulating the semicircular canals with water or air which is above or below body temperature. In warm caloric stimulation a rotatory nystagmus is developed toward the side of the stimulated ear; in cold, away from the stimulated side. Absence of nystagmus indicates the labyrinth is not functioning.

A reflex wherein impulses are conveyed from the cupulas of the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS and from the OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE of the SACCULE AND UTRICLE via the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM and the median longitudinal fasciculus to the OCULOMOTOR NERVE nuclei. It functions to maintain a stable retinal image during head rotation by generating appropriate compensatory EYE MOVEMENTS.

Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. They are set at right angles to each other and are situated posterosuperior to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH). The semicircular canals have five openings into the vestibule with one shared by the anterior and the posterior canals. Within the canals are the SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS.

An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)

A gelatinous membrane overlying the acoustic maculae of SACCULE AND UTRICLE. It contains minute crystalline particles (otoliths) of CALCIUM CARBONATE and protein on its outer surface. In response to head movement, the otoliths shift causing distortion of the vestibular hair cells which transduce nerve signals to the BRAIN for interpretation of equilibrium.

Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).

Involuntary movements of the eye that are divided into two types, jerk and pendular. Jerk nystagmus has a slow phase in one direction followed by a corrective fast phase in the opposite direction, and is usually caused by central or peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Pendular nystagmus features oscillations that are of equal velocity in both directions and this condition is often associated with visual loss early in life. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p272)

Involuntary rhythmical movements of the eyes in the normal person. These can be naturally occurring as in end-position (end-point, end-stage, or deviational) nystagmus or induced by the optokinetic drum (NYSTAGMUS, OPTOKINETIC), caloric test, or a rotating chair.

Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.

Idiopathic inflammation of the VESTIBULAR NERVE, characterized clinically by the acute or subacute onset of VERTIGO; NAUSEA; and imbalance. The COCHLEAR NERVE is typically spared and HEARING LOSS and TINNITUS do not usually occur. Symptoms usually resolve over a period of days to weeks. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p304)

An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.

The sensory areas on the vertical wall of the saccule and in the floor of the utricle. The hair cells in the maculae are innervated by fibers of the VESTIBULAR NERVE.

Mechanosensing organelles of hair cells which respond to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes. They have various functions in many different animals, but are primarily used in hearing.

Recorded electrical responses from muscles, especially the neck muscles or muscles around the eyes, following stimulation of the EAR VESTIBULE.

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

Sensory cells in the acoustic maculae with their apical STEREOCILIA embedded in a gelatinous OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE. These hair cells are stimulated by the movement of otolithic membrane, and impulses are transmitted via the VESTIBULAR NERVE to the BRAIN STEM. Hair cells in the saccule and those in the utricle sense linear acceleration in vertical and horizontal directions, respectively.

The vestibular part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The vestibular nerve fibers arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project peripherally to vestibular hair cells and centrally to the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM. These fibers mediate the sense of balance and head position.

Autosomal recessive hereditary disorders characterized by congenital SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS and RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. Genetically and symptomatically heterogeneous, clinical classes include type I, type II, and type III. Their severity, age of onset of retinitis pigmentosa and the degree of vestibular dysfunction are variable.

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A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)

A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376)

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Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.

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Absent vestibulo-ocular reflexes and acute supratentorial lesions. (1/183)

Loss of vestibulo-ocular reflexes occurred in two patients with acute supratentorial lesions who received therapeutic doses of anticonvulsant drugs. There was no clinical or angiographic evidence of focal brain-stem damage. Absence of vestibulo-ocular reflexes is attributed to a combination of acute cerebral damage and anticonvulsant drugs. The loss of these reflexes in patients with acute cerebral lesions cannot be interpreted as evidence of irreversible brain-stem injury. (+info)

Relationship among balance impairments, functional performance, and disability in people with peripheral vestibular hypofunction. (2/183)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Physical therapy interventions are often based on assumed relationships among impairments, functional performance, and disability. The purposes of this study were (1) to describe balance impairments, functional performance, and disability in subjects with unilateral peripheral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) and bilateral peripheral vestibular hypofunction (BVH), (2) to examine the relationship among these factors, and (3) to determine whether disability can be explained by commonly used tests of balance and functional performance. SUBJECTS: Participants were 85 subjects (mean age=62.5 years, SD=16.5) with UVH (n=41) or BVH (n=44) diagnosed by vestibular function tests and clinical examination. METHODS: Each subject completed the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) to obtain a measure of disability. Functional performance was measured with a modified Timed Up & Go Test (TUG). Balance impairments were measured with computerized posturography and balance tests. Descriptive statistics, correlational analyses, and stepwise regressions were performed. RESULTS: Subjects with BVH had poorer balance but similar TUG scores and perceived levels of disability, as compared with subjects with UVH. Weak to moderate correlations existed among balance measurements, TUG scores, and DHI scores. Balance impairments and TUG scores together explained 78% of the variance in DHI scores of the subjects with BVH, whereas balance impairments alone explained 13% of the variance in DHI scores of the subjects with UVH. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Balance impairments and functional performance appear to be more closely related to disability in individuals with BVH as compared with those with UVH. Clinical tests of balance impairments and functional performance appear to be useful in explaining disability. (+info)

Abnormal interaction between vestibular and voluntary head control in patients with spasmodic torticollis. (3/183)

The functional status of vestibulo-collic reflexes in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles was investigated in 24 patients with spasmodic torticollis using small, abrupt 'drops' of the head. None had been treated with botulinum toxin injections during at least 4 months preceding the study. Eight of the patients, four of whom had been studied before surgery, were also studied after selective peripheral denervation of neck muscles. The reflex was of normal latency and duration in the 'passive drop' condition, in which subjects were instructed not to oppose the fall of the head. To study voluntary interaction with the reflex response, subjects were then asked to flex the neck as quickly as possible after onset of the head drop ('active drop'). In this condition, voluntary responses in patients were delayed, smaller and less effective in counteracting the head fall than in normal subjects. The same abnormalities were also found in patients after surgery when the head posture was improved. Somatosensory/auditory voluntary reaction times in SCM were normal, as was the latency of the startle reflex. We conclude that voluntary interaction with the vestibulo-collic reflex is disrupted in patients with spasmodic torticollis, a finding which corroborates the patients' aggravation of their symptoms by head or body perturbations. Lack of effective interaction between two major systems controlling head position may contribute to torticollis. (+info)

NASDA aquatic animal experiment facilities for Space Shuttle. (4/183)

National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) has been developed aquatic animal experiment facilities for space experiments using NASA Space Shuttle. Vestibular Function Experiment Unit (VFEU) has been firstly designed and developed for Spacelab-J mission (STS-47), and 8 days space experiment with carp has been performed. Following, the VFEU, Aquatic Animal Experiment Unit (AAEU) has been developed to accommodate small aquatic animals second International Microgravity Laboratory mission (IML-2, STS-65). Four kinds of space experiments with goldfish, medaka, newt, and newt eggs have been performed for 15 days mission duration. Then, VFEU has been improved to accommodate marine fish under low temperature condition for Neurolab (STS-90) and STS-95 missions. 17 days (STS-90) and 9 days (STS-95) experiments with oyster toadfish have been performed by using the VFEU. This report summarizes the outline of these aquatic animal experiment facilities. (+info)

VFEU water quality control in STS-95 mission. (5/183)

In STS-95 Space Shuttle mission, an aquatic animal research facility, Vestibular Function Experiment Unit (VFEU), was flown to perform neurobiological experiment with marine fish, oyster toadfish. For this purpose, we have developed a sea water purification system using highly active nitrifying bacteria at low temperature. With this system, the water quality in the VFEU was maintained in sufficient condition to keep the toadfish in healthy state for 9 days of the mission. This report summarizes the efficiency of the filter system based on the results from pre-flight bacterial preparation, water analysis of samples taken during flight, and the post-flight analysis of the bacterial filter. (+info)

Positional down beating nystagmus in 50 patients: cerebellar disorders and possible anterior semicircular canalithiasis. (6/183)

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the clinical significance of positional down beat nystagmus (pDBN). METHODS: A discussion of the neuro-otological findings in 50 consecutive patients with pDBN. RESULTS: In 38 patients there was evidence of CNS disease (central group) but in 12 there was not (idiopathic group). In the CNS group, presenting symptoms were gait, speech, and autonomic dysfunction whereas in the idiopathic group patients mostly reported positional vertigo. The main neurological and oculomotor signs in the CNS group were explained by cerebellar dysfunction, including 13 patients with multiple system atrophy. In patients with multiple system atrophy with a prominent extrapyramidal component, the presence of pDBN was helpful in the differential diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism. No patient with pDBN had the Arnold-Chiari malformation, a common cause of constant down beat nystagmus (DBN). In the idiopathic group, the pDBN had characteristics which suggested a peripheral labyrinthine disorder: vertigo, adaptation, and habituation. In six patients an additional torsional component was found (concurrently with the pDBN in three). Features unusual for peripheral disorder were: bilateral positive Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre in nine of 12 patients and selective provocation by the straight head-hanging manoeuvre in two. CONCLUSION: It is argued that some patients with idiopathic pDBN have benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) with lithiasis of the anterior canal. The torsional component may be weak, because of the predominantly sagittal orientation of the anterior canal, and may not be readily seen clinically. Nystagmus provocation by bilateral Dix-Hallpike and straight head-hanging may be explained by the vertical upwards orientation of the ampullary segment of the anterior canal in the normal upright head position. Such orientation makes right-left specificity with the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre less important than for posterior canal BPPV. This orientation requires a further downwards movement of the head, often achieved with the straight head-hanging position, to provoke migration of the canaliths. The straight head-hanging manoeuvre should be carried out in all patients with a history of positional vertigo and a negative Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre. (+info)

Vascular defects and sensorineural deafness in a mouse model of Norrie disease. (7/183)

Norrie disease is an X-linked recessive syndrome of blindness, deafness, and mental retardation. A knock-out mouse model with an Ndp gene disruption was studied. We examined the hearing phenotype, including audiological, histological, and vascular evaluations. As is seen in humans, the mice had progressive hearing loss leading to profound deafness. The primary lesion was localized to the stria vascularis, which houses the main vasculature of the cochlea. Fluorescent dyes showed an abnormal vasculature in this region and eventual loss of two-thirds of the vessels. We propose that one of the principal functions of norrin in the ear is to regulate the interaction of the cochlea with its vasculature. (+info)

CDH23 mutation and phenotype heterogeneity: a profile of 107 diverse families with Usher syndrome and nonsyndromic deafness. (8/183)

Usher syndrome type I is characterized by congenital hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and variable vestibular areflexia. Usher syndrome type ID, one of seven Usher syndrome type I genetic localizations, have been mapped to a chromosomal interval that overlaps with a nonsyndromic-deafness localization, DFNB12. Mutations in CDH23, a gene that encodes a putative cell-adhesion protein with multiple cadherin-like domains, are responsible for both Usher syndrome and DFNB12 nonsyndromic deafness. Specific CDH23 mutational defects have been identified that differentiate these two phenotypes. Only missense mutations of CDH23 have been observed in families with nonsyndromic deafness, whereas nonsense, frameshift, splice-site, and missense mutations have been identified in families with Usher syndrome. In the present study, a panel of 69 probands with Usher syndrome and 38 probands with recessive nonsyndromic deafness were screened for the presence of mutations in the entire coding region of CDH23, by heteroduplex, single-strand conformation polymorphism, and direct sequence analyses. A total of 36 different CDH23 mutations were detected in 45 families; 33 of these mutations were novel, including 18 missense, 3 nonsense, 5 splicing defects, 5 microdeletions, and 2 insertions. A total of seven mutations were common to more than one family. Numerous exonic and intronic polymorphisms also were detected. Results of ophthalmologic examinations of the patients with nonsyndromic deafness have found asymptomatic RP-like manifestations, indicating that missense mutations may have a subtle effect in the retina. Furthermore, patients with mutations in CDH23 display a wide range of hearing loss and RP phenotypes, differing in severity, age at onset, type, and the presence or absence of vestibular areflexia. (+info)

Vestibular function tests are a series of diagnostic assessments used to determine the functionality and health of the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. These tests typically include:

1. **Caloric Testing:** This test evaluates the response of each ear to stimulation with warm and cold water or air. The resulting responses are recorded and analyzed to assess the function of the horizontal semicircular canals and the vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR).

2. **Rotary Chair Testing:** This test measures how well the vestibular system adapts to different speeds of rotation. The patient sits in a chair that moves in a controlled, consistent manner while their eye movements are recorded.

3. **Videonystagmography (VNG):** This test uses video goggles to record eye movements in response to various stimuli, such as changes in head position, temperature, and visual environment.

4. **Electronystagmography (ENG):** Similar to VNG, this test records eye movements but uses electrodes placed near the eyes instead of video goggles.

5. **Dix-Hallpike Test:** This is a clinical maneuver used to diagnose benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). It involves rapidly moving the patient's head from an upright position to a position where their head is hanging off the end of the examination table.

6. **Head Shaking Test:** This test involves shaking the head back and forth for 15-20 seconds and then observing the patient's eye movements for nystagmus (involuntary eye movement).

These tests help diagnose various vestibular disorders, including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis, Meniere's disease, and other balance disorders.

Vestibular diseases are a group of disorders that affect the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. The vestibular system includes the inner ear and parts of the brain that process sensory information related to movement and position.

These diseases can cause symptoms such as vertigo (a spinning sensation), dizziness, imbalance, nausea, and visual disturbances. Examples of vestibular diseases include:

1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV): a condition in which small crystals in the inner ear become dislodged and cause brief episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position.
2. Labyrinthitis: an inner ear infection that can cause sudden onset of vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears).
3. Vestibular neuronitis: inflammation of the vestibular nerve that causes severe vertigo, nausea, and imbalance but typically spares hearing.
4. Meniere's disease: a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the affected ear.
5. Vestibular migraine: a type of migraine that includes vestibular symptoms such as dizziness, imbalance, and disorientation.
6. Superior canal dehiscence syndrome: a condition in which there is a thinning or absence of bone over the superior semicircular canal in the inner ear, leading to vertigo, sound- or pressure-induced dizziness, and hearing loss.
7. Bilateral vestibular hypofunction: reduced function of both vestibular systems, causing chronic imbalance, unsteadiness, and visual disturbances.

Treatment for vestibular diseases varies depending on the specific diagnosis but may include medication, physical therapy, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Electronystagmography (ENG) is a medical test used to assess the function of the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance and eye movements. This test measures involuntary eye movements, called nystagmus, which can be indicative of various conditions affecting the inner ear or brainstem.

During the ENG test, electrodes are placed around the eyes to record eye movements while the patient undergoes a series of stimuli, such as changes in head position, visual stimuli, and caloric irrigations (where warm or cool water is introduced into the ear canal to stimulate the inner ear). The recorded data is then analyzed to evaluate the function of the vestibular system and identify any abnormalities.

ENG testing can help diagnose conditions such as vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Meniere's disease, and other balance disorders. It is also used to assess the effectiveness of various treatments for these conditions.

The vestibular system is a part of the inner ear that contributes to our sense of balance and spatial orientation. It is made up of two main components: the vestibule and the labyrinth.

The vestibule is a bony chamber in the inner ear that contains two important structures called the utricle and saccule. These structures contain hair cells and fluid-filled sacs that help detect changes in head position and movement, allowing us to maintain our balance and orientation in space.

The labyrinth, on the other hand, is a more complex structure that includes the vestibule as well as three semicircular canals. These canals are also filled with fluid and contain hair cells that detect rotational movements of the head. Together, the vestibule and labyrinth work together to provide us with information about our body's position and movement in space.

Overall, the vestibular system plays a crucial role in maintaining our balance, coordinating our movements, and helping us navigate through our environment.

Caloric tests are a type of diagnostic test used in otology and neurotology to evaluate the function of the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance and eye movements. The tests involve stimulating the vestibular system with warm or cool air or water, and then observing and measuring the resulting eye movements.

During the test, the patient sits in a chair with their head tilted back at a 30-degree angle. A special goggles device is placed over their eyes to measure and record eye movements. Then, warm or cool air or water is introduced into each ear canal, alternately, for about 20-30 seconds.

The stimulation of the inner ear with warm or cold temperatures creates a difference in temperature between the inner ear and the brain, which activates the vestibular system and causes eye movements called nystagmus. The direction and intensity of the nystagmus are then analyzed to determine if there is any damage or dysfunction in the vestibular system.

Caloric tests can help identify lesions in the vestibular system, such as vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis, and can also help differentiate between peripheral and central vestibular disorders.

A vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is a automatic motion of the eyes that helps to stabilize images on the retina during head movement. It is mediated by the vestibular system, which includes the semicircular canals and otolith organs in the inner ear.

When the head moves, the movement is detected by the vestibular system, which sends signals to the oculomotor nuclei in the brainstem. These nuclei then generate an eye movement that is equal and opposite to the head movement, allowing the eyes to remain fixed on a target while the head is moving. This reflex helps to maintain visual stability during head movements and is essential for activities such as reading, walking, and driving.

The VOR can be tested clinically by having the patient follow a target with their eyes while their head is moved passively. If the VOR is functioning properly, the eyes should remain fixed on the target despite the head movement. Abnormalities in the VOR can indicate problems with the vestibular system or the brainstem.

The semicircular canals are part of the vestibular system in the inner ear that contributes to the sense of balance and spatial orientation. They are composed of three fluid-filled tubes, each located in a different plane (anterior, posterior, and horizontal) and arranged at approximately right angles to each other. The semicircular canals detect rotational movements of the head, enabling us to maintain our equilibrium during movement.

When the head moves, the fluid within the semicircular canals moves in response to that motion. At the end of each canal is a structure called the ampulla, which contains hair cells with hair-like projections (stereocilia) embedded in a gelatinous substance. As the fluid moves, it bends the stereocilia, stimulating the hair cells and sending signals to the brain via the vestibular nerve. The brain then interprets these signals to determine the direction and speed of head movement, allowing us to maintain our balance and orientation in space.

Vertigo is a specific type of dizziness characterized by the sensation that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving, even when you're perfectly still. It's often caused by issues with the inner ear or the balance-sensing systems of the body. Vertigo can be brought on by various conditions, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis, Meniere's disease, and migraines. In some cases, vertigo may also result from head or neck injuries, brain disorders like stroke or tumors, or certain medications. Treatment for vertigo depends on the underlying cause and can include specific exercises, medication, or surgery in severe cases.

The otolithic membrane is a part of the inner ear's vestibular system, which contributes to our sense of balance and spatial orientation. It is composed of a gelatinous material containing tiny calcium carbonate crystals called otoconia or otoliths. These crystals provide weight to the membrane, allowing it to detect linear acceleration and gravity-induced head movements.

There are two otolithic membranes in each inner ear, located within the utricle and saccule, two of the three main vestibular organs. The utricle is primarily responsible for detecting horizontal movement and head tilts, while the saccule senses vertical motion and linear acceleration.

Damage to the otolithic membrane can result in balance disorders, vertigo, or dizziness.

Labyrinth diseases refer to conditions that affect the inner ear's labyrinth, which is the complex system of fluid-filled channels and sacs responsible for maintaining balance and hearing. These diseases can cause symptoms such as vertigo (a spinning sensation), dizziness, nausea, hearing loss, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Examples of labyrinth diseases include Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Treatment for these conditions varies depending on the specific diagnosis but may include medications, physical therapy, or surgery.

Pathological nystagmus is an abnormal, involuntary movement of the eyes that can occur in various directions (horizontal, vertical, or rotatory) and can be rhythmical or arrhythmic. It is typically a result of a disturbance in the vestibular system, central nervous system, or ocular motor pathways. Pathological nystagmus can cause visual symptoms such as blurred vision, difficulty with fixation, and oscillopsia (the sensation that one's surroundings are moving). The type, direction, and intensity of the nystagmus may vary depending on the underlying cause, which can include conditions such as brainstem or cerebellar lesions, multiple sclerosis, drug toxicity, inner ear disorders, and congenital abnormalities.

Physiologic nystagmus is a type of normal, involuntary eye movement that occurs in certain situations. It is characterized by rhythmical to-and-fro movements of the eyes, which can be horizontal, vertical, or rotatory. The most common form of physiologic nystagmus is called "optokinetic nystagmus," which occurs when a person looks at a moving pattern, such as stripes on a rotating drum or scenery passing by a car window.

Optokinetic nystagmus helps to stabilize the image of the environment on the retina and allows the brain to perceive motion accurately. Another form of physiologic nystagmus is "pursuit nystagmus," which occurs when the eyes attempt to follow a slowly moving target. In this case, the eyes may overshoot the target and then make a corrective movement in the opposite direction.

Physiologic nystagmus is different from pathological nystagmus, which can be caused by various medical conditions such as brain damage, inner ear disorders, or medications that affect the nervous system. Pathological nystagmus may indicate a serious underlying condition and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Liver function tests (LFTs) are a group of blood tests that are used to assess the functioning and health of the liver. These tests measure the levels of various enzymes, proteins, and waste products that are produced or metabolized by the liver. Some common LFTs include:

1. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): An enzyme found primarily in the liver, ALT is released into the bloodstream in response to liver cell damage. Elevated levels of ALT may indicate liver injury or disease.
2. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): Another enzyme found in various tissues, including the liver, heart, and muscles. Like ALT, AST is released into the bloodstream following tissue damage. High AST levels can be a sign of liver damage or other medical conditions.
3. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): An enzyme found in several organs, including the liver, bile ducts, and bones. Elevated ALP levels may indicate a blockage in the bile ducts, liver disease, or bone disorders.
4. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT): An enzyme found mainly in the liver, pancreas, and biliary system. Increased GGT levels can suggest liver disease, alcohol consumption, or the use of certain medications.
5. Bilirubin: A yellowish pigment produced when hemoglobin from red blood cells is broken down. Bilirubin is processed by the liver and excreted through bile. High bilirubin levels can indicate liver dysfunction, bile duct obstruction, or certain types of anemia.
6. Albumin: A protein produced by the liver that helps maintain fluid balance in the body and transports various substances in the blood. Low albumin levels may suggest liver damage, malnutrition, or kidney disease.
7. Total protein: A measure of all proteins present in the blood, including albumin and other types of proteins produced by the liver. Decreased total protein levels can indicate liver dysfunction or other medical conditions.

These tests are often ordered together as part of a routine health checkup or when evaluating symptoms related to liver function or disease. The results should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings, medical history, and other diagnostic tests.

Vestibular neuronitis, also known as vestibular neuritis, is a medical condition that affects the inner ear's vestibular system. It is characterized by sudden and severe vertigo (a spinning sensation), nausea, vomiting, and unsteadiness, typically lasting for several days to weeks.

The condition results from an inflammation of the vestibular nerve, which carries information about balance and motion from the inner ear to the brain. The exact cause of the inflammation is not always clear, but it is thought to be due to a viral infection or an autoimmune response.

Vestibular neuronitis is differentiated from labyrinthitis, another inner ear disorder, by the absence of hearing loss in vestibular neuronitis. In labyrinthitis, there may be hearing loss as well as vertigo and balance problems. Treatment for vestibular neuronitis typically involves medication to manage symptoms such as nausea and vertigo, along with physical therapy exercises to help retrain the brain to maintain balance.

Dizziness is a term used to describe a range of sensations, such as feeling lightheaded, faint, unsteady, or a false sense of spinning or moving. Medically, dizziness is often described as a non-specific symptom that can be caused by various underlying conditions or factors. These may include:

1. Inner ear disorders (such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis, or Meniere's disease)
2. Cardiovascular problems (like low blood pressure, arrhythmias, or orthostatic hypotension)
3. Neurological issues (such as migraines, multiple sclerosis, or stroke)
4. Anxiety disorders and panic attacks
5. Side effects of medications
6. Dehydration or overheating
7. Infections (like viral infections or bacterial meningitis)
8. Head or neck injuries
9. Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia)

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent dizziness, as it can be a sign of a more severe underlying condition. The appropriate treatment will depend on the specific cause of the dizziness.

The acoustic maculae, also known as the vestibularocochlear nerve or cranial nerve VIII, are a part of the human body's auditory and vestibular system. The acoustic maculae consist of two main structures: the cochlea and the vestibule.

The cochlea is responsible for hearing and converts sound waves into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. It contains the organ of Corti, which has hair cells that are stimulated by sound vibrations and convert them into nerve impulses.

The vestibule, on the other hand, is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. It contains two sac-like structures called the utricle and saccule, which contain sensory hair cells that respond to gravity and linear acceleration.

Damage to the acoustic maculae can result in hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or balance disorders.

Stereocilia are hair-like projections found in the inner ear, more specifically in the organ of Corti within the cochlea. They are present on the sensory cells known as hair cells and are involved in hearing by converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that can be transmitted to the brain.

Stereocilia are arranged in rows of graded height, with the tallest ones located near the opening of the cochlea (the base) and the shortest ones closer to the apex. When sound waves reach the inner ear, they cause the fluid within the cochlea to move, which in turn causes stereocilia to bend. This bending action triggers the release of chemical signals that stimulate nerve fibers connected to the hair cells, ultimately transmitting information about the sound to the brain.

Damage or loss of stereocilia can result in hearing impairment or deafness, as seen in various forms of hearing disorders and age-related hearing loss.

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs) are short-latency electromyographic responses recorded from the sternocleidomastoid or other neck muscles in response to intense, high-frequency bone conducted vibration or air-conducted sound. They reflect the activation of the vestibular afferents that innervate the otolithic organs (saccule and utricle) in response to linear acceleration and head tilt. VEMPs are used in clinical settings to assess the function of the vestibular system, particularly the sacculocollic reflex pathway, and can help diagnose various vestibular disorders such as superior canal dehiscence syndrome, vestibular neuritis, and Meniere's disease.

Respiratory Function Tests (RFTs) are a group of medical tests that measure how well your lungs take in and exhale air, and how well they transfer oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of your blood. They can help diagnose certain lung disorders, measure the severity of lung disease, and monitor response to treatment.

RFTs include several types of tests, such as:

1. Spirometry: This test measures how much air you can exhale and how quickly you can do it. It's often used to diagnose and monitor conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung diseases.
2. Lung volume testing: This test measures the total amount of air in your lungs. It can help diagnose restrictive lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis or sarcoidosis.
3. Diffusion capacity testing: This test measures how well oxygen moves from your lungs into your bloodstream. It's often used to diagnose and monitor conditions like pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, and other lung diseases that affect the ability of the lungs to transfer oxygen to the blood.
4. Bronchoprovocation testing: This test involves inhaling a substance that can cause your airways to narrow, such as methacholine or histamine. It's often used to diagnose and monitor asthma.
5. Exercise stress testing: This test measures how well your lungs and heart work together during exercise. It's often used to diagnose lung or heart disease.

Overall, Respiratory Function Tests are an important tool for diagnosing and managing a wide range of lung conditions.

Vestibular hair cells are specialized sensory receptor cells located in the vestibular system of the inner ear. They play a crucial role in detecting and mediating our sense of balance and spatial orientation by converting mechanical stimuli, such as head movements and gravity, into electrical signals that are sent to the brain.

The hair cells are shaped like a tuft of hair, with stereocilia projecting from their tops. These stereocilia are arranged in rows of graded height, and they are embedded in a gel-like structure within the vestibular organ. When the head moves or changes position, the movement causes deflection of the stereocilia, which opens ion channels at their tips and triggers nerve impulses that are sent to the brain via the vestibular nerve.

There are two types of vestibular hair cells: type I and type II. Type I hair cells have a large, spherical shape and are more sensitive to changes in head position, while type II hair cells are more cylindrical in shape and respond to both linear and angular acceleration. Together, these hair cells help us maintain our balance, coordinate our movements, and keep our eyes focused during head movements.

The vestibular nerve, also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve or cranial nerve VIII, is a pair of nerves that transmit sensory information from the balance-sensing structures in the inner ear (the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals) to the brain. This information helps the brain maintain balance and orientation of the head in space. The vestibular nerve also plays a role in hearing by transmitting sound signals from the cochlea to the brain.

Usher Syndromes are a group of genetic disorders that are characterized by hearing loss and visual impairment due to retinitis pigmentosa. They are the most common cause of deafblindness in developed countries. There are three types of Usher Syndromes (Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3) which differ in the age of onset, severity, and progression of hearing loss and vision loss.

Type 1 Usher Syndrome is the most severe form, with profound deafness present at birth or within the first year of life, and retinitis pigmentosa leading to significant vision loss by the teenage years. Type 2 Usher Syndrome is characterized by moderate to severe hearing loss beginning in childhood and vision loss due to retinitis pigmentosa starting in adolescence or early adulthood. Type 3 Usher Syndrome has progressive hearing loss that begins in adolescence and vision loss due to retinitis pigmentosa starting in the third decade of life.

The diagnosis of Usher Syndromes is based on a combination of clinical examination, audiological evaluation, and genetic testing. There is currently no cure for Usher Syndromes, but various assistive devices and therapies can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New York" is not a medical term or concept. New York refers to a state in the United States, as well as its largest city. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a complex disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that does not improve with rest and is often worsened by physical or mental activity. The exact cause of CFS remains unknown, although it can be triggered by various factors such as infections, immune system dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, and stress.

The main symptom of CFS is severe fatigue that lasts for six months or longer, which is not relieved by rest and is often accompanied by other symptoms such as:

* Difficulty concentrating or remembering things
* Sore throat
* Swollen lymph nodes in the neck or armpits
* Muscle pain
* Joint pain without redness or swelling
* Headaches of a new type, pattern, or severity
* Unrefreshing sleep
* Extreme exhaustion lasting more than 24 hours after physical or mental exercise

The diagnosis of CFS is based on the patient's symptoms and medical history, as there are no specific diagnostic tests for this condition. Treatment typically focuses on relieving symptoms and improving function through a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and complementary therapies.

Bell palsy is a peripheral facial nerve palsy, which means that it is a weakness or paralysis of the facial nerves (cranial nerve VII) that causes sudden asymmetric weakness on one side of the face. The symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may include:

* Sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the face
* Drooping of the mouth, causing difficulty with smiling, eating, drinking, or speaking
* Inability to close one eye
* Dryness of the eye and mouth
* Changes in taste sensation
* Discomfort around the jaw and behind the ear
* Headache
* Increased sensitivity to sound

The exact cause of Bell palsy is not known, but it is believed to be related to inflammation or swelling of the facial nerve. It may also be associated with viral infections such as herpes simplex virus or HIV. In most cases, Bell palsy resolves on its own within a few weeks to months, although some people may experience residual symptoms such as facial weakness or asymmetry. Treatment typically involves corticosteroids and antiviral medications, which can help reduce inflammation and speed up recovery.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.

Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.

Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.

Fatigue is a state of feeling very tired, weary, or exhausted, which can be physical, mental, or both. It is a common symptom that can be caused by various factors, including lack of sleep, poor nutrition, stress, medical conditions (such as anemia, diabetes, heart disease, or cancer), medications, and substance abuse. Fatigue can also be a symptom of depression or other mental health disorders. In medical terms, fatigue is often described as a subjective feeling of tiredness that is not proportional to recent activity levels and interferes with usual functioning. It is important to consult a healthcare professional if experiencing persistent or severe fatigue to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

MedlinePlus is not a medical term, but rather a consumer health website that provides high-quality, accurate, and reliable health information, written in easy-to-understand language. It is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and is widely recognized as a trusted source of health information.

MedlinePlus offers information on various health topics, including conditions, diseases, tests, treatments, and wellness. It also provides access to drug information, medical dictionary, and encyclopedia, as well as links to clinical trials, medical news, and patient organizations. The website is available in both English and Spanish and can be accessed for free.

January 1995). "Vestibular function test anomalies in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome". Acta Otolaryngol. 115 (1): 9-17 ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (March 1993). "Inability of retroviral tests to identify persons with chronic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sheffield_Bell

Caloric reflex testing was developed and used for testing vestibular function of deaf children and in diagnosis of childhood ... This may include an audiological assessment and vestibular function test. During diagnosis, history-taking is essential in ... vestibular epilepsy, vestibular seizures, and vestibulogenic seizures in different cases, but vertiginous epilepsy is the ... A less tested hypothesis that some believe may play a larger role in determining who is affected by this disease is a genetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertiginous_epilepsy

This test can provide site-specific information on vestibular system and its function. Another way of testing the VOR response ... This reflex can be tested by the rapid head impulse test or Halmagyi-Curthoys test, in which the head is rapidly moved to the ... It can also be diagnostically tested by doing a video-head impulse test (VHIT). In this diagnostic test, a person wears highly ... The head impulse test can be done at the bed side and used as a screening tool for problems with a person's vestibular system. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulo–ocular_reflex

The caloric reflex test is designed to test the function of the vestibular system and can determine the cause of vestibular ... Several positional tests such as Hall-bike dix test, supine roll test, and head shaking nystagmus test may indicate which canal ... This test is used to test bilateral vestibular hypofunction and the degree of central nervous system (CNS) compensating those ... In some cases, the results of vestibular tests are normal, yet the patient experiences vestibular symptoms, especially balance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_rehabilitation

... (VNG) is a technology for testing inner ear and central motor functions, a process known as vestibular ... VNG testing is made up of several components. Patients are asked to wear goggles with sensitive video cameras in them to ... During the first portion of the testing, patients will be required to follow a dot on a screen with their eyes. The dot may go ... Another portion of the test requires the patient to sit in several different positions, such as lying flat staring up, head to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videonystagmography

A new portable tool to screen vestibular and visual function in children and adults: NIH Toolbox. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 2012;49 ... The NIH Toolbox divides tests into four aspects of neural function, called "domain batteries": Cognition Sensation Motor ... A new portable tool to screen vestibular and visual function in children and adults: NIH Toolbox. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 2012;49 ... Two of these are item response theory and computer adaptive testing (CAT). Item Response Theory allows tests to be brief, yet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIH_Toolbox

He was especially interested in vestibular function and disorders associated with the vestibular system. He was founder of the ... Barré is also credited with the "Barré Test" which may identify pronator drift or pyramidal drift, although the test was ... This test is performed by making the patient stretch out their hands with the palms facing upwards, and then having the patient ... If one hand drops involuntarily (or drops after the physician taps on the patient's palms), the test indicates damage to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Alexandre_Barré

Vestibular function can be tested through a series of visual acuity tests. The static visual acuity test investigates a ... "Roll-tilt" tests in which a subject's body is mechanically moved can be used to test for geocentric reference frame function. ... Proprioceptive ability tests are important in testing for righting reflex function. A therapist may ask a patient whether they ... Recently, vestibular reflexes have been investigated using leg rotation experiments. A leg and foot rotation test can be used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Righting_reflex

Since the function of the vestibular hair cells is to detect levels of carbon dioxide in the blood and to transmit such ... "Vestibular neuritis with and head impulse test and unidirectional nystagmus". Neuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library ( ... In addition, the vestibular system's function can be affected by tumours on the vestibulocochlear nerve, an infarct in the ... A common vestibular pathology of dogs and cats is colloquially known as "old dog vestibular disease", or more formally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_system

Stapedius reflex (SR) and caloric vestibular response (CVR) are non-invasive otologic tests for auditory neural function. These ... vestibular component), V Acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma Meningioma, a tumor of the meninges or membranes that surround ... The auditory brainstem response (ABR) test gives information about the inner ear (cochlea) and nerve pathways for hearing via ... Lesser amount of tumor removal may increase likelihood of preservation of nerve function (hence better post-operative hearing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellopontine_angle_syndrome

Function of the vestibular nerve may be tested by putting cold and warm water in the ears and watching eye movements caloric ... If the function is on the opposite side to the origin of the nerve, this is known as a contralateral function. Grossly, all ... Eye movement is tested and abnormalities such as nystagmus are observed for. The sensation of the face is tested, and patients ... Smell is not routinely tested, but if there is suspicion of a change in the sense of smell, each nostril is tested with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves

However, it is more likely that this symptom can be attributed to altered vestibular function. Although many people associate ... Heavy water is employed as part of a mixture with H218O for a common and safe test of mean metabolic rate in humans and animals ... They functioned with neither enriched uranium nor heavy water. Russian and British plutonium production also used graphite- ... The use of deuterium is critical to the SNO function, because all three "flavours" (types) of neutrinos may be detected in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_water

... audiologists and other trained professionals to validate a diagnosis of asymmetric function in the peripheral vestibular system ... In medicine, the caloric reflex test (sometimes termed 'vestibular caloric stimulation') is a test of the vestibulo-ocular ... It is one of several tests which can be used to test for brain stem death. One novel use of this test has been to provide ... Le Chapelain L, Beis JM, Paysant J, André JM (February 2001). "Vestibular caloric stimulation evokes phantom limb illusions in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_reflex_test

Test of Individual Stability, King-Devick Test (KD), and Test of Visual-Motor function. SCAT5 has two major categories of ... The vestibular ocular evaluation is the screening of visual-motor functions. Visual-motor screening evaluates the cognitive ... The King-Devick test is to assess the visual-motor function of the individual. Different sets of test cards are provided to the ... cognitive tests and balance testing. Although these tests are incapable of being a strong predictive tool for outcomes, they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediatric_concussion

Her research involved looking at psycho-physiological aspects of vestibular function and dysfunction. During her studies she ... Fitting hearing aids and carrying out hearing tests over a period of 18 months gave her valuable first-hand experience of ... specialising in psychological aspects of vestibular (dys)function. Her first academic post was a lectureship at UCL - still ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Yardley

... vestibular function (the ability to know one's head position in space); and vision (which can be used to monitor and adjust for ... Rather, Romberg's test is a test of the proprioception receptors and pathways function. A positive Romberg's test which will ... Romberg's test, Romberg's sign, or the Romberg maneuver is a test used in an exam of neurological function for balance. The ... The Romberg test is a test of the body's sense of positioning (proprioception), which requires healthy functioning of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romberg's_test

Along with proprioception and vestibular function, the visual system plays an important role in the ability of an individual to ... When these three conditions are isolated and balance is tested, it has been found that vision is the most significant ... The functioning of a camera is often compared with the workings of the eye, mostly since both focus light from external objects ... A major function of the visual system is to categorize visual objects. It has been shown that humans can perform categorization ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_system

While ENG is the most widely used clinical laboratory test to assess vestibular function, normal ENG test results do not ... The caloric irrigation is the only vestibular test which allows the clinician to test the vestibular organs individually; ... A similar test is performed for testing vertigo by using the caloric reflex test, which can be induced by air or water of ... It can also be used to diagnose the cause of vertigo, dizziness or balance dysfunction by testing the vestibular system. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronystagmography

Other instruments include a swivel chair for vestibular function tests, lower body negative pressure gear for cardiovascular ... new engineering instruments tested for orientation of station by celestial objects and in darkness and a teletypewriter. Among ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_4

Clinical test of hearing (95.43) Audiological evaluation (95.44) Clinical vestibular function tests (95.45) Rotation tests ( ... of psychologic test Administration of Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test Administration of Benton Visual Retention Test ... provocative tests, and other glaucoma testing (95.3) Special vision services (95.4) Nonoperative procedures related to hearing ... Psychologic evaluation and testing (94.01) Administration of intelligence test Administration of Stanford-Binet Administration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-9-CM_Volume_3

The equipment functioned better than expected during testing. Aleksandrov later stated that computerisation of the experiments ... vestibular and ocular functioning, among others. Aleksandrov also continued work on experiments scheduled for Georgi Ivanov's ... Candidates who passed the first round of tests were then sent to the Senior Military Medical Institute in Sofia and subjected ... studies on the functioning of human taste receptors in microgravity; Pochivka: an experiment designed to improve the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_cosmonaut_program

In similar studies, control subjects lacking vestibular function did not experience the motion-induced drowsiness associated ... The speed of the drum and the duration of the test may be varied. Control groups are placed in a drum without stripes or ... while subjects with normal-functioning vestibular systems did experience increased fatigue in the rotating environments. The ... vestibular, and somatosensory systems. Motion studies in which the subjects lacked vestibular systems did not experience ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopite_syndrome

... cardiovascular function change, central nervous system effects, vestibular (inner ear) effects, and chest wall/lung tissue ... Tests performed on mice show the threshold for both lung and liver damage occurs at about 184 dB. Damage increases rapidly as ... http://inferno.se/pdf/eng-test-hearinglossrisk.pdf[bare URL PDF] Weaver, Matthew (2009-09-25). "G20 protesters blasted by sonic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_weapon

Tests of vestibular system (balance) function include electronystagmography (ENG), Dix-Hallpike maneuver, rotation tests, head- ... The HINTS test involves the horizontal head impulse test, observation of nystagmus on primary gaze, and the test of skew. CT ... thrust test, caloric reflex test, and computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). The HINTS test, which is a combination of three ... Tests of auditory system (hearing) function include pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic reflex, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertigo

... vestibular function tests MeSH E01.370.382.900.150 - caloric tests MeSH E01.370.382.900.280 - electronystagmography MeSH ... ovarian function tests MeSH E01.370.374.600 - pituitary-adrenal function tests MeSH E01.370.374.605 - pituitary function tests ... lactose tolerance test MeSH E01.370.372.460 - liver function tests MeSH E01.370.372.600 - pancreatic function tests MeSH ... placental function tests MeSH E01.370.378.620 - pregnancy tests MeSH E01.370.378.620.620 - pregnancy tests, immunologic MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E01)

It complements the information provided by caloric testing and other forms of inner ear (vestibular apparatus) testing. There ... cochlear function) per se, it scaled in direct proportion to the level of tonic neck contraction, the response was small ( ... The test is also of use in demonstrating successful treatment. It has diagnostic applications in Ménière's disease, vestibular ... "Vestibular System Anatomy: Overview, Membranous Labyrinth, Vestibular Sensory Epithelium". 2018-04-05. {{cite journal}}: Cite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_evoked_myogenic_potential

The vestibular evoked myogenic potential is an assessment of the sacculo-collic reflex and a test of function in otolithic ... Sensory substitution occurs when any remaining vestibular function, vision, or light touch of a stable surface substitute for ... The vestibulospinal tract is part of the vestibular system in the CNS. The primary role of the vestibular system is to maintain ... Vestibular compensation after unilateral or bilateral vestibular system damage can be accomplished by sensory addition and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract

Morata TC, Nylén P, Johnson AC, Dunn DE (1995). "Auditory and vestibular functions after single or combined exposure to toluene ... Additionally, toluene has been shown to display antidepressant-like effects in rodents in the forced swim test (FST) and the ... It also potentiates the function of inhibitory ion channels, such as the GABAA and glycine receptors. In addition, toluene ... "Scam on petrol sparks spot tests". Liberty Oil. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. "The World Today Archive - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluene

An acrophobic, however, continues to over-rely on visual signals whether because of inadequate vestibular function or incorrect ... "The scariest path in the world?", a direct test, video shot on El Camino del Rey, approaching Makinodromo "Fear of Heights"-A ... Height vertigo is caused by a conflict between vision, vestibular and somatosensory senses. This occurs when vestibular and ... People tend to wrongly interpret visuo-vestibular discrepancies as dizziness and nausea and associate them with a forthcoming ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrophobia

... and tested a sensory-replacement vestibular implant for severe peripheral vestibular dysfunction. These studies demonstrated ... Merfeld's research in the field of neuroscience focuses on vestibular function, especially its impact on human balance, spatial ... Merfeld's research has also explored vestibular perception and its association with motion. His lab tested more than 100 ... Merfeld's research has contributed to the understanding of vestibular function. His early research centered on deciphering the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Merfeld

Ozgirgin and Tarhan (2008) noted that the head autorotation tests can be affected with the dynamic changes within the semicircular canals caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). (aetna.com)
Another technology that is useful for this purpose is the VisualEyes 505 Binocular video goggles from Micromedical Technologies Inc, Chatham, Ill. These goggles can record both eyes with or without vision, and are used during the Dix-Hallpike test to make a Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) diagnosis. (ptproductsonline.com)
More than half of the population will see a doctor at some point in their lives with symptoms related to the vestibular system (e.g., dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, blurred vision). (masseyeandear.org)
Presently, much of the translational effort focuses on the development of more sensitive and more specific diagnostic tests of vestibular function for patients suffering from dizziness, imbalance, or vertigo. (masseyeandear.org)
Vertigo can be caused by both peripheral and central vestibular deficits. (medscape.com)
The most common peripheral vestibular disorder is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, followed by uncompensated Ménière disease, vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis, perilymphatic fistula, and acoustic neuroma. (medscape.com)
Vertigo was attributed to vestibular deficiency and treated with betahistine. (cdc.gov)

Aetna considers vestibular autorotation test (VAT) experimental and investigational for the diagnosis of individuals with vestibular disorders, vestibular migraine, or any other indications because its sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and clinical utility have not been demonstrated. (aetna.com)
Although some published studies have suggested that the VAT may be useful in evaluating patients with vestibular disorders/diseases, there are few studies that examined the sensitivity and specificity of the VAT in evaluating patients with suspected vestibular abnormalities. (aetna.com)
Furthermore, there is a lack of data supporting the value of the VAT in the management of patients with vestibular disorders/diseases. (aetna.com)
NEUR 473 is a research-based paper devoted to topics in sensory neuroscience (e.g. the visual, auditory and vestibular systems) with an emphasis on issues that are common to all sensory systems, such as the general principles of sensory coding, how the brain changes following sensory loss and the implications of these changes for disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease. (otago.ac.nz)
However, some patients exhibit abnormal vestibular functions with symptoms such as dizziness or balance disorders, after CI. (scienceopen.com)
Finding a diagnosis is often difficult for patients with vestibular disorders, in part because the symptoms can point to a variety of problems that are not related to vestibular function. (vestibular.org)
I've been practicing neurotology with a strong emphasis on vestibular disorders for 24 years, and I've never used the term until I was asked to write this column. (vestibular.org)
Given that there are numerous disorders that can cause "dizziness, imbalance and nausea," as well as numerous "pathologic processes of the vestibular labyrinth," this diagnosis may not seem very helpful. (vestibular.org)
Vestibular disorders are often debilitating and even life-threatening when falls result. (masseyeandear.org)
Researchers focusing in the area of the vestibular system seek to improve diagnostic techniques and to develop and refine treatments for patients suffering from related disorders. (masseyeandear.org)
Founded in 1986, the Jenks Vestibular Diagnostic Laboratory provides state-of-the-art testing for patients and referring physicians to assess balance and dizziness disorders. (masseyeandear.org)
This is significant because a substantial fraction of patients suffering from these disorders are difficult to diagnose using existing tests that focus on measurements of reflexive responses like the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). (masseyeandear.org)
This study investigates possible vestibular dysfunctions in the deaf using a typical clinical assessment battery and discerns whether there is a trend between these disorders in meningitic children as compared to children with unknown origins of deafness. (wustl.edu)
[ 1 ] Some estimates state that as many of half of all cases of dizziness are due to vestibular disorders. (medscape.com)
About three-fourths of vestibular disorders are peripheral (inner ear and vestibular nerve). (medscape.com)
Vestibular rehabilitation therapy has been a highly effective modality for most adults and children with disorders of the vestibular or central balance system. (medscape.com)
Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is a specific form of physical therapy designed to habituate symptoms, and promote adaptation to and substitution for various aspects of deficits related to a wide variety of balance disorders. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] VRT is effective in improving the functional deficits and subjective symptoms resulting from unilateral and bilateral peripheral vestibular hypo function as well as from central balance disorders. (medscape.com)
People with chronic balance disorders are significantly disabled in many day-to-day functions, particularly those that require stabilizing the body during weight-shifting, bending, or rapid head motion. (cdc.gov)
Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) estimates that up to two-thirds of children with acquired deafness have severe vestibular deficits (NIDCD, 1995). (cdc.gov)
An eight part of the study concerns the importance of difficulties with motor function and perception in neurodevelopmental disorders. (lu.se)

Impairment of the vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) may result in chronic dizziness and imbalance. (aetna.com)
The caloric test, vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test, video head impulse test (vHIT), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire (PVSQ), and audiometric tests were performed before and 1 month after CI. (scienceopen.com)
Assessment was performed using the dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) testing using both alternate bithermal caloric irrigations (ENG) and rotational chair-generated sinusoidal harmonic accelerations (SHA), and computerized dynamic platform posturography (CDP) at preoperative, 1-month, 4-month, 1-year and 2-year postimplantation visits. (scienceopen.com)
Rotational chairs are another technology that can be used to test patients affected by dizziness. (ptproductsonline.com)
What is Vestibular Testing and How Can it Help Diagnose Dizziness? (speechhearingtherapy.com)
A vestibular function test is a type of hearing or visual evaluation that can determine if an issue with your inner ear is the cause of your dizziness. (speechhearingtherapy.com)
Contact Autumn Oak Speech, Voice, and Hearing today to learn more about vestibular testing and how it can help diagnose dizziness. (speechhearingtherapy.com)
Patient and tumor characteristics, pre- and post-SRS vestibular examination results and patient-reported dizziness were assessed from patient records. (researchsquare.com)
Our results reveal that 5 Gy and above minimum vestibular doses significantly worsened dizziness. (researchsquare.com)
However, its impact on vestibular function and perception of dizziness depending on the applied dose remains uninvestigated. (researchsquare.com)
Vestibular toxicity can be defined according to the common terminology criteria for adverse events version 5.0 as a disorder characterized by dizziness, imbalance, nausea, and vision problems [17]. (researchsquare.com)
The Vestibular service (also known as Neurotology or Neuro-otology) is a Medical Consultant-led Multidisciplinary team consisting of Audiovestibular Physicians, Audiovestibular Scientist and Audiologists who work closely together with ENT (Otolaryngology), Neurology and Physiotherapy departments to assess and manage patients with balance problems and dizziness. (stgeorges.nhs.uk)
Also, there is no specific test to find out if dizziness is caused by an underlying neck condition. (balanceanddizziness.org)
Central vestibular deficits cause about one-fourth of dizziness. (medscape.com)

The incidence and extent of vestibular dysfunction in patients with CSOM were analyzed. (karger.com)
The only positive correlation with vestibular dysfunction was the duration of disease. (karger.com)
All patients with long-standing CSOM should be evaluated for vestibular dysfunction irrespective of their hearing levels. (karger.com)
More than 300 subjects between the ages of 3 and 85 years, with and without vestibular dysfunction, were recruited and tested. (cdc.gov)
Cochlear implantation (CI) carries with it the potential risk for vestibular system insult or stimulation with resultant dysfunction. (scienceopen.com)
For example, the term "seizure" could mean an attack of syncope, cataplexy, vestibular dysfunction, or behavior related to pain, instead of a true epileptic seizure. (merckvetmanual.com)
If the disease is confirmed, then the neurological tests tell if it is a peripheral dysfunction or a central dysfunction. (oxfordpets.com)
It cannot find cancer location, the test can tell if further cancer or any other organ dysfunction test is needed. (oxfordpets.com)
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey found that those with symptomatic vestibular dysfunction have a 12-fold increase in the odds of falling. (medscape.com)
Typically, eye dysfunction is the first manifestation of the disease, but eye muscles are hard to access for testing. (medscape.com)
Vestibular dysfunction is 70% higher 4 in people with diabetes than in those without the disease, and the incidence of falls is 39% higher. (cdc.gov)

The VEMP test is the recording of positive and negative waves from sternocleidomastoid muscle that is made by an auditory click to the ear. (qxmd.com)
Prior to his current occupation as an International Clinical Trainer at the Interacoustics Academy, Darren held a clinical and research scientist role, where he investigated patients with auditory and vestibular pathology, and managed a portfolio of research studies. (interacoustics.com)
Dr. René H Gifford will discuss recent work on electric-acoustic integration in children and adults, and Dr. Sharon Cushing will discuss her work as a clinician on 3-D auditory and vestibular effects. (aro.org)
Therefore, research regarding the effects of HIV and new treatment regimens on auditory function remains a priority. (scielo.org.za)
However, the increased prevalence of tinnitus in the HIV-positive group may also be attributed to the ARV regimen and/or the result of subtle damage to the auditory system, which was not identified by the current audiological test battery. (scielo.org.za)
A possible correlation between vestibular stimulation and auditory comprehension in children with attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder. (innovareacademics.in)
Another part of the project concerns validating the effect of stimulation with auditory white noise and electric vestibular stimulation on working memory difficulties in children with ADHD. (lu.se)

Whether age at CI and CI approach (unilateral or sequential bilateral) affect vestibular functions in users with cochlear implants remains unclear. (scienceopen.com)
To investigate the vestibular functions in children and adults before and after unilateral or sequential bilateral CI. (scienceopen.com)
The alterations of vestibular functions resulting from CI surgery may be independent of age at CI and CI approach (unilateral or sequential bilateral). (scienceopen.com)
The Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory was the first to study vestibular implants to treat patients suffering from severe bilateral vestibular loss. (masseyeandear.org)
Rarely, a positive result is due to severe bilateral loss of vestibular function (eg, aminoglycoside toxicity). (merckmanuals.com)

I began studying the vestibular system during my dissertation research at the Università di Pavia with Professors Ivo Prigioni and GianCarlo Russo. (aro.org)

The vestibular department of Maastricht University Medical Center+, is performing pioneering research to develop a vestibular implant to restore loss of vestibular function ( www.vestibularimplant.com ). (iamexpat.nl)

Furthermore, a recent study (Tirelli et al, 2004) reported that the test-retest of the Vorteq system, a head-autorotation test is not sufficiently reliable and hence can not be used in clinical practice. (aetna.com)
The vestibular system is significantly affected in cases with CSOM. (karger.com)
Pajor A, Gryczynski M, Lukomski M, Jozefowicz-Korczynska M: Vestibular system in patients with sensorineural hearing loss. (karger.com)
[ 5 ] The vestibular system is intimately and complexly involved with the oculomotor system. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] The proprioceptors of the vestibular system are the labyrinth mechanoreceptors in the semicircular canals of the of the inner ear which detect angular acceleration due to head rotation. (medscape.com)
Both tests are sensitive to age-related changes and are able to screen for impairment of the vestibular system. (cdc.gov)
Cheryl's problem is that her vestibular apparatus, the sensory organ for the balance system, does not work. (telegraph.co.uk)
He says, 'Cheryl has lost her vestibular system - 95 to 100 per cent. (telegraph.co.uk)
Now that her vestibular system is affected, Cheryl has as much chance of regaining her balance as a person whose retina has been damaged has of seeing again. (telegraph.co.uk)
Between 1997 to 2001, a prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care medical center to assess the effects of unilateral CI on the vestibular system. (scienceopen.com)
General Vestulopathy is a diagnosis that narrows the problem to being in the vestibular system so that further diagnosis can focus on identifying the specific inner ear disorder. (vestibular.org)
The main benefit of this is the elimination of the fruitless endeavor of testing every possible organ system. (vestibular.org)
Author of 11 books and over 300 articles in peer-reviewed science journals, he is a pioneer in the study of the vestibular system: the part of the inner ear which helps people to maintain their sense of balance and spatial awareness. (springer.com)
If you ask most people whether they know what the vestibular system is, you will often get blank stares. (ptproductsonline.com)
As a physical therapist, it is important to be able to perform an accurate bedside examination of a client to determine vestibular system function. (ptproductsonline.com)
This examination requires detailed knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system as well as an ability to differentiate positive findings from background noise. (ptproductsonline.com)
The use of a video Frenzel system is useful in that the examiner will have a clear picture of the eye/s being tested and generally can make a recording which can be reviewed later or sent to the physician for discussion. (ptproductsonline.com)
The system also includes an XY laser projector for testing in horizontal and vertical directions, a static subjective visual vertical test, and can project stripes from floor to ceiling. (ptproductsonline.com)
Watch the video to learn more about the science behind the Focus System, a unique multisensory intervention shown to improve brain/body integration, organization and improved function. (integratedlistening.com)
Focus System programs provide simultaneous multisensory input to help develop new, and reinforce existing, neural pathways governing organization of the body and brain function. (integratedlistening.com)
Effective for both children and adults, the Focus System has been shown to improve skill-building and long-term function. (integratedlistening.com)
Caloric Testing - Your eye movements will be analyzed as warm and cool water or air will be placed in your ear canals to stimulate your vestibular system. (speechhearingtherapy.com)
The ANS Assessment System is a quick, clinically powerful and easy to use non-invasive system to test for hidden diseases. (physiciansofficeresource.com)
Velocity storage (VS), a brainstem function, extends the low-frequency response of the vestibular system. (vumc.org)
My research focuses on characterizing the biophysics of synaptic transmission between hair cells and primary afferents in the vestibular system. (aro.org)
Dog vestibular disease is a term that reflects abnormality in the vestibular part (balancing) of the nervous system. (oxfordpets.com)
The vestibular system is a kind of sensory system. (oxfordpets.com)
Interestingly, Otop1 was first identified as a gene mutated in mice with vestibular defects ("tilted" or tlt) but its function in the vestibular system and elsewhere in the body was not understood. (hhs.gov)
Moreover, the proposed experiments will provide basic information regarding the functional properties of this new family of proton channels that will help us understand their contributions to diverse physiological processes, including brown fat metabolism and the development and maintenance of the vestibular system. (hhs.gov)
However, its impact on the vestibular system , responsible for balance and spatial orientation , remains a subject of ongoing research and clinical consideration. (bvsalud.org)
Challenges in vestibular evaluation include individual variability in patient responses, the proximity of the cochlea to the vestibular system , and the need to tailor testing protocols to individual needs . (bvsalud.org)
The brain's balance system combines information from the eyes (visual system), inner ear (vestibular system) and bones and joints (proprioceptive system) to help you keep your balance. (balanceanddizziness.org)
Most VRT exercises involve head movement, and head movements are essential in stimulating and retraining the vestibular system. (medscape.com)
Stereocilia are also elements of the vestibular system, the part of the inner ear that helps maintain the body's balance and orientation in space. (medlineplus.gov)
Bending of these stereocilia is needed to transmit signals from the vestibular system to the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Balance receptors in the inner ear (the vestibular system) provide information to the CNS about head and body movements. (cdc.gov)
An audiologist can screen them for balance-related problems caused by changes to the vestibular system. (cdc.gov)
3 These effects contribute to problems with the vestibular system, which manages balance. (cdc.gov)

Both tests differentiated those with and without vestibular impairment and the young from the old. (cdc.gov)
Did you know that 70% of children with sensorineural hearing losses also have a vestibular impairment? (interacoustics.com)
He reported a slight impairment of cognitive functions (i.e., memory, attention), but clinical examination and cerebral positron emission and computed tomographic scan results were normal. (cdc.gov)

Darren Whelan, International Clinical Trainer at Interacoustics Academy explores how to assess vestibular function in children. (interacoustics.com)
The measurement of these potentials was developed to assess vestibular function, but the researchers adapted the approach to detect a decrement in the extraocular muscles of myasthenia patients. (medscape.com)

The signals from the vestibular apparatus go along a nerve to a specialised clump of neurons in the brain, the vestibular nuclei, which process them, then send commands to our muscles to adjust themselves. (telegraph.co.uk)

Collaboration between our scientists, engineers, and physicians has led to the development of balance aids for patients suffering imbalance, as well as vestibular implants for patients who have lost inner ear function. (masseyeandear.org)
It is fairly comprehensive, covering audiometric testing, vestibular imbalance function testing and includes a section on VEMP, which is very pleasing given my interest in this! (pluralpublishing.com)

Positive signs of nystagmus with these tests indicates either an acute peripheral lesion or a central lesion. (ptproductsonline.com)
Findings with this testing would indicate a peripheral lesion on the side opposite the fast phase (ie, a right-beating nystagmus with spontaneous gaze without fixation would indicate a left-sided lesion). (ptproductsonline.com)
Introduction to the Neurologic Examination The purpose of the neurologic examination is to establish whether the patient's brain, special senses, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscle and skin receptors are functioning normally. (msdmanuals.com)

The head autorotation tests were performed just before the use of the Epley maneuver and after the resolution of symptoms and the typical nystagmus pattern. (aetna.com)
Results: The best predictions of ABBT by MT results were achieved when ENG testing showed oculomotor integrity and no spontaneous, positional, or positioning nystagmus. (biu.ac.il)
If this test is positive, a brisk nystagmus is elicited to the side opposite the lesion. (ptproductsonline.com)
Vestibular function can be evaluated by testing for nystagmus. (greatgreenwedding.com)
this test can detect nystagmus and palsies of ocular muscles. (msdmanuals.com)

To better understand VS mechanisms and characteristics in humans, we analyzed retrospectively functional measures of gait, electrophysiological measures of vestibular function, and imaging studies in an attempt to determine clinical, electrophysiological, and anatomical correlates of abnormalities in VS. Two cohorts of patients referred to our Risk of Falls Assessment Clinic participated in this investigation. (vumc.org)

In an assessment on vestibular testing techniques in adults and children, the American Academy of Neurology (Fife et al, 2000) stated that AHR testing is not an established technique. (aetna.com)
Vestibular function assessment using the NIH Toolbox. (cdc.gov)
Preoperative vestibular assessment is crucial to establish baseline vestibular function and identify any pre-existing balance issues. (bvsalud.org)
One part of the project concerns the clinical utility of different methods used in the diagnostic assessment of ADHD and in treatment evaluations.Computerised CPT-tests (Continuous Performance tests), cognitive tests and questionnaires are validated. (lu.se)
A third part of the project concerns validating an assessment with three different tests of cerebellar function (the conditioned corneal blink-reflex, finger-tapping and prism-glass adaptation) for children with ADHD and autism spectrum disorder in comparison with children without a diagnosis. (lu.se)

The extent of vestibular compensation and adaptation is closely related to the direction, duration, frequency, magnitude, and nature of the retraining stimulus. (medscape.com)

This type of testing does not appear useful in detecting unilateral vestibular loss (e.g., as a consequence of unilateral acoustic neuroma, Meniere's disease or vestibular neuritis). (aetna.com)

This Clinical Policy Bulletin addresses vestibular autorotation test (VAT). (aetna.com)
The vestibular autorotation test (VAT) is a high-frequency, active head rotation (AHR) test to subjectively evaluate the VOR and its function. (aetna.com)
The Vestibular Autorotation Test(VAT®) evaluates how well the inner ear is functioning. (physiciansofficeresource.com)

Identify the root cause of many common pain symptoms through a simple in-office test! (physiciansofficeresource.com)
Based on the symptoms and the test results, the vet can tell you if an ear infection has caused the disease or not. (oxfordpets.com)
After 2 months, the patient's general condition had improved, and neurocognitive and vestibular symptoms resolved. (cdc.gov)
Assessments at baseline are compared with assessments three years later concerning cognitive function, CPT-results, symptoms of ADHD assessed by teachers and parents, emotional symptoms and comorbid diagnoses. (lu.se)

This false negative rate precludes the routine use of warm MT in the clinical realm and its application as a screening tool for possible vestibular deficits in a generally healthy population like aviation or diving candidates. (biu.ac.il)

Long-term impacts on the vestibular function from CI surgery, as well as the chronic electrical stimulation to the cochlea, are still to be investigated. (scienceopen.com)
Another indicator of impaired cortical sensory function is extinction, which is inability to identify a stimulus on one side when both sides of the body are tested simultaneously (double simultaneous stimulation) in a patient who can identify the stimulus when one side of the body is tested at a time. (merckmanuals.com)
To find out the effect of rotatory vestibular stimulation in cognition in rats through examining the behavioural patterns, the alterations in dendritic arborization and changes in AChE activity. (innovareacademics.in)
Rotatory vestibular stimulation was provided in a rotatory vestibular apparatus at a rate of 50 rpm for 5 min, for 30 d for rats. (innovareacademics.in)
No rotatory vestibular stimulation or physostigmine is provided to the control rats. (innovareacademics.in)
Behavioural analysis, Neuromorphological and biochemical studies were done after vestibular stimulation. (innovareacademics.in)
Can controlled vestibular stimulation reduces stressâ€"a review. (innovareacademics.in)
Controlled vestibular stimulation: a physiological method of stress relief. (innovareacademics.in)
Psychoimmuno modulation by controlled vestibular stimulation. (innovareacademics.in)

The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test could be useful in the analysis of saccular function, and diagnosis of Meniere's disease. (qxmd.com)
Features** After a background on Meniere's disease that includes the history of the diagnosis, its pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, the book moves on to provide more detailed information on diagnostic testing, including audiology and vestibular testing. (pluralpublishing.com)
Direct and consensual pupillary responses Diagnosis are tested. (msdmanuals.com)

Analysis of Saccular Function With Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Test in Meniere's Disease. (qxmd.com)
Various tests, including caloric, rotational chair, vestibular-evoked myogenic potential, and video head impulse tests , play a vital role in evaluating vestibular function. (bvsalud.org)

The patients underwent basic audiological evaluation, and clinical and instrumental vestibular evaluation. (karger.com)
Several funds were awarded to start new prospective clinical trials with the vestibular implant (extending patients, measurement techniques and test conditions). (iamexpat.nl)
The eye movements that are mediated by the inner ear through the vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) are well-known and used in many clinical tests of vestibular function. (interacoustics.com)
Additionally, researchers are dedicated to overcoming the limitations of clinical vestibular testing and improving diagnoses for the large number of patients whose diagnoses cannot be confirmed by testing. (masseyeandear.org)
In addition to its clinical testing role, the laboratory's research objectives include application of multivariate statistics to increase the sensitivity and specificity of clinical tests, and transitional research in vestibular prostheses. (masseyeandear.org)

[ 4 ] When acquired, it most often is caused by abnormalities of vestibular input. (medscape.com)
Touch can be tested to screen for abnormalities but is not useful for localization, which requires more detailed testing of other types of sensation in different areas of the body. (merckmanuals.com)
Abnormalities in their function suggest pathology in specific parts of the brain stem or along the cranial nerve's path outside the brain stem. (msdmanuals.com)

To test the vagus nerve, a doctor may check the gag reflex. (greatgreenwedding.com)
The gag reflex tests both the sensory and motor components of CN 9 & 10. (greatgreenwedding.com)
The glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) is responsible for swallowing and the gag reflex, along with other functions. (greatgreenwedding.com)
Scientists in the Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory study vestibular function using various behavioral measures, including assays of balance, perception, and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). (masseyeandear.org)
Group 2 patients with impaired velocity storage (experimentals) differed clinically from Group 1 only by demonstrating abnormal multifrequency vestibulocular reflex phase measures on rotational testing. (vumc.org)

Balancing Act: A Comprehensive Review of Vestibular Evaluation in Cochlear Implants. (bvsalud.org)

There is an ICD 10 code (the codes that doctors and hospitals use for billing purposes) that describes General Vestibulopathy - H81.9 "unspecified disorder of vestibular function. (vestibular.org)
Antibody tests produce false-negative results in half of patients with the disorder. (medscape.com)
It is estimated that at least half of the overall population of the United States are affected by a balance or vestibular disorder sometime during life. (cdc.gov)

In this study, 20 patients who had been diagnosed as having posterior semicircular canal BPPV were evaluated with head autorotation tests before and after Epley maneuver. (aetna.com)
A specialized maneuver called the Dix--Hallpike test may help diagnose BPPV. (lifeextension.com)

Its vestibular apparatus consists of three semi-circular canals in the inner ear that tell us when we are upright and how gravity is affecting our bodies by detecting motion in three-dimensional space. (telegraph.co.uk)
This machine, a bizarre-looking Bach-y-Rita prototype, will replace Cheryl's vestibular apparatus by sending balance signals to her brain from her tongue. (telegraph.co.uk)
Pathological processes of the vestibular labyrinth which contains part of the balancing apparatus. (vestibular.org)

Rotary Chair Testing - You will be strapped to a rotational computerized chair in the middle of a small, darkened room. (speechhearingtherapy.com)

The objective of this study was to assess vestibular functions in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) with and without sensorineural hearing loss. (karger.com)
Pal'chun VT, Kunel'skaia NL, Petlinov AP: The vestibular function in patients with various forms of chronic purulent otitis media. (karger.com)
He has authored 20 original peer-reviewed papers relating to the use of osteopathic manipulation for pneumonia, chronic obstructive lung disease, influenza vaccine, improving immune function, applications of osteopathic philosophy, falls prevention, leg length discrepancies and, most recently, leg edema. (osteopathic.org)

Other factors that affect the degree of individual compensation include overall physical status, the functional status of remaining sensory systems, integrity of central brain mechanisms, age, and higher sensory functions such as memory, motor coordination, and cognitive ability. (medscape.com)

METHODS: Members of the NIH Toolbox Sensory Domain Vestibular, Vision , and Motor subdomain teams collaborated to identify 2 tests: 1) Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA), and 2) the Balance Accelerometry Measure (BAM). (cdc.gov)
Currently accepted gold standard measures of static visual acuity, vestibular function, dynamic visual acuity, and balance were performed to determine validity. (cdc.gov)
CONCLUSION: The newly created DVA test provides a valid measure of visual acuity with the head still and moving quickly. (cdc.gov)

The abnormal rates of caloric test and VEMP test after CI in the first-side CI-implanted adults and children significantly increased compared with those before CI. (scienceopen.com)
The pre-implantation VEMP test showed significantly higher abnormal rates between first- and second-side CI-implanted children. (scienceopen.com)
Patients with improved caloric function had received significantly lower mean (1.5 ± 0.7 Gy, p=0.01) and maximum doses (4 ± 1.5 Gy, p =0.01) to the vestibule. (researchsquare.com)
Additionally, mean and maximum doses received by the vestibule were significantly lower in patients who had improved caloric function. (researchsquare.com)

Further investigations are needed to determine dose-volume parameters and their effects on vestibular toxicity. (researchsquare.com)
Given that vestibular toxicity is a strong predictor of the quality of life of VS patients, research evaluating this parameter would contribute to preserving health-related well-being [23,24]. (researchsquare.com)

Most of the cases with 'no wave recorded' VEMP test, were patients with severe hearing loss. (qxmd.com)

VEMP test could be a valuable diagnostic clue especially in patients with definite Meniere's disease. (qxmd.com)
It's a really creative use of a diagnostic test. (medscape.com)
Cite this: New Diagnostic Test Proposed for Myasthenia Gravis - Medscape - Feb 25, 2015. (medscape.com)

For the group as a whole, pair wise comparisons revealed few significant differences between preoperative and postoperative values for VOR testing (ENG and SHA) at any of the follow-up intervals. (scienceopen.com)
Postoperative vestibular testing allows for the early detection of such disturbances, enabling timely interventions like vestibular rehabilitation and evaluating changes produced due to surgical complications or changes in the patient 's prior conditions. (bvsalud.org)
In conclusion, vestibular evaluation in patients undergoing cochlear implantation is critical for optimizing surgical planning , managing postoperative issues, and enhancing the overall quality of life for individuals embarking on the journey of restored hearing . (bvsalud.org)

Smell, a function of the 1st (olfactory) cranial nerve, is usually evaluated only after head trauma or when lesions of the anterior fossa (eg, meningioma) are suspected or patients report abnormal smell or taste. (msdmanuals.com)
These findings might suggest that amplitude measures are more likely than latency measures to reveal small vestibular lesions. (lu.se)

All patients were also evaluated with vertical active tests. (aetna.com)
These norms were then employed to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of MT for predicting normal ABBT in a group of 197 consecutive dizzy patients who were referred for vestibular testing. (biu.ac.il)
From the total of 100 patients, the waves of VEMP test was seen in 59 patients which 19 patients had abnormal amplitude, and latency and 40 patients were with normally recorded waves. (qxmd.com)
Pal'chun VT, Kunel'skaia NL, Mironov AA, Ganichkina Iia, Petlinov AP: Myringoplasty and its effects on a vestibular function in patients with otitis media purulenta chronica. (karger.com)
Just like the BNG test patients will wear goggles that monitor their eye movements. (boystownhospital.org)
Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls. (vestibular.org)
For example, when extinction is present, patients report feeling sensation on only one side when simultaneously touched on both sides even though they can feel sensation on both sides when one side is tested at a time. (merckmanuals.com)
Group 1 (control) patients demonstrated normal caloric and rotary chair tests. (vumc.org)
This narrative review highlights key aspects of vestibular evaluation in patients undergoing cochlear implantation . (bvsalud.org)
While some patients experience minimal vestibular disruptions, others may encounter transient or persistent balance issues following cochlear implant surgery . (bvsalud.org)
Encourage your patients with diabetes to get annual hearing tests, wear ear protection around loud noises, eat a healthy diet, and manage their blood glucose levels. (cdc.gov)

CI was carried out without respect to the preoperative vestibular function test results. (scienceopen.com)

In addition to reviewing mission protocol, objectives, and safety, we specifically trained on numerous mission science objectives, including vestibular function testing, exercise equipment, medical telemetry, and learning about a variety of software and hardware that the crew will be testing throughout the mission. (ihmc.us)

In this study, we've analyzed the saccular function, using VEMP test in different groups of Meniere's disease. (qxmd.com)

These may include medications, dietary changes, and vestibular rehabilitation therapy. (hearingresearch.org)
Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is a form of physical therapy that uses specialized exercises that result in gaze and gait stabilization. (medscape.com)

The rotary chair test is a typical test of vestibular function for children age six months and up. (boystownhospital.org)
It combines the well-known VNG test battery with vHIT and new rotary chair options just to mention a few of the enhancements. (interacoustics.com)
VisualEyes™ includes the option to perform rotary chair testing with the Orion rotary chairs. (interacoustics.com)

There was a significant relationship between the severity of hearing loss and a VEMP test without any recorded waves. (qxmd.com)
However, there wasn't any relation between the pattern of hearing loss and 'no wave recorded' VEMP test. (qxmd.com)
CI has a negative effect on the results of caloric and VEMP tests, but not on vHIT, indicating that the otolith and low-frequency semicircular canal (SCC) are more vulnerable to damage from CI. (scienceopen.com)
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) has been put forward as a test to evaluate the symmetry of saccular function. (lu.se)

Introduction: The alternate binaural bithermal caloric test (ABBT) is the standard test for evaluation of the dizzy patient. (biu.ac.il)
This test is generally done in individuals who cannot have the caloric test done or can't tolerate the caloric test of for young children who are not going to lay still while we put water in their ears. (boystownhospital.org)

The cerebellum, ascending vestibular pathways, and oculomotor nuclei are important components of the neural integrator. (medscape.com)
We have interviewed neurologists Dr. Glen Zielinski and Dr. João Lemos, to learn how they use oculomotor testing in functional neurology and otoneurology, respectively. (interacoustics.com)

The goal is to assess the risk of vestibular disturbances arising from the surgery , guide surgical planning , and detect pre-existing alterations that could be totally or partially compensated. (bvsalud.org)

Vestibular insights into cognition and psychiatry. (innovareacademics.in)

RESULTS: The DVA and BAM tests are affordable and appropriate for use for individuals 3 through 85 years of age. (cdc.gov)
CDP results demonstrated substantial improvements in postural sway in the vestibular conditions (5 and 6) as well as composite scores with the device 'off' and 'on' at the 1-month, 4-month, 1-year, and 2-year intervals. (scienceopen.com)
The insignificant difference in the audiological test battery results found between the two participant groups may be due to improved ARV treatment regimens and management strategies employed at the medical centre. (scielo.org.za)
Building on these new results, we propose three specific aims to test the role of the Otop channels in taste signaling. (hhs.gov)
1990. Chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange test results with 42 chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Serologic test results were negative for HIV and cytomegalovirus. (cdc.gov)
Retrospective testing of CSF for Marseillevirus DNA yielded negative results. (cdc.gov)
CSF testing still showed an isolated high protein level (0.68 G/L) without hypercellularity but negative results for bacteria and viruses. (cdc.gov)
CORONADO, California - Ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials could be the basis of a new test for myasthenia gravis , according to the results of a recent study. (medscape.com)

Anatomy7

Diseases10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes3

Information Science2

Health Care1

Geographicals1

Absent vestibulo-ocular reflexes and acute supratentorial lesions. (1/183)

Relationship among balance impairments, functional performance, and disability in people with peripheral vestibular hypofunction. (2/183)

Abnormal interaction between vestibular and voluntary head control in patients with spasmodic torticollis. (3/183)

NASDA aquatic animal experiment facilities for Space Shuttle. (4/183)

VFEU water quality control in STS-95 mission. (5/183)

Positional down beating nystagmus in 50 patients: cerebellar disorders and possible anterior semicircular canalithiasis. (6/183)

Vascular defects and sensorineural deafness in a mouse model of Norrie disease. (7/183)

CDH23 mutation and phenotype heterogeneity: a profile of 107 diverse families with Usher syndrome and nonsyndromic deafness. (8/183)

Vestibular Function Tests

Vestibular Diseases

Electronystagmography

Vestibule, Labyrinth

Caloric Tests

Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular

Semicircular Canals

Vertigo

Otolithic Membrane

Labyrinth Diseases

Nystagmus, Pathologic

Nystagmus, Physiologic

Liver Function Tests

Vestibular Neuronitis

Dizziness

Acoustic Maculae

Stereocilia

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

Respiratory Function Tests

Hair Cells, Vestibular

Vestibular Nerve

Usher Syndromes

New York

Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic

Bell Palsy

Encyclopedias as Topic

Disease Outbreaks

Fatigue

MedlinePlus

Absent vestibulo-ocular reflexes and acute supratentorial lesions. (1/183)

Relationship among balance impairments, functional performance, and disability in people with peripheral vestibular hypofunction. (2/183)

Abnormal interaction between vestibular and voluntary head control in patients with spasmodic torticollis. (3/183)

NASDA aquatic animal experiment facilities for Space Shuttle. (4/183)

VFEU water quality control in STS-95 mission. (5/183)

Positional down beating nystagmus in 50 patients: cerebellar disorders and possible anterior semicircular canalithiasis. (6/183)

Vascular defects and sensorineural deafness in a mouse model of Norrie disease. (7/183)

CDH23 mutation and phenotype heterogeneity: a profile of 107 diverse families with Usher syndrome and nonsyndromic deafness. (8/183)

David Sheffield Bell

Vertiginous epilepsy

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

Vestibular rehabilitation

Videonystagmography

NIH Toolbox

Jean Alexandre Barré

Righting reflex

Vestibular system

Cerebellopontine angle syndrome

Cranial nerves

Heavy water

Caloric reflex test

Pediatric concussion

Lucy Yardley

Romberg's test

Visual system

Electronystagmography

Salyut 4

ICD-9-CM Volume 3

Bulgarian cosmonaut program

Sopite syndrome

Sonic weapon

Vertigo

List of MeSH codes (E01)

Vestibular evoked myogenic potential

Vestibulospinal tract

Toluene

Acrophobia

Dan Merfeld

Vertigo7

Disorders21

Dizziness14

Dysfunction11

Auditory7

Bilateral5

Studying the vestibular system1

Loss of vestibular function1

System38

Impairment3

Assess vestibular function2

Signals from the vestibular1

Imbalance2