Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
AUTOMOBILES, trucks, buses, or similar engine-driven conveyances. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
A carrier or inert medium used as a solvent (or diluent) in which the medicinally active agent is formulated and or administered. (Dictionary of Pharmacy, 1986)
An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.
Self-generated faint acoustic signals from the inner ear (COCHLEA) without external stimulation. These faint signals can be recorded in the EAR CANAL and are indications of active OUTER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are found in all classes of land vertebrates.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Arizona" is a proper noun and refers to a state in the southwestern United States, not a medical term or condition. It would not have a medical definition.
A polysymptomatic condition believed by clinical ecologists to result from immune dysregulation induced by common foods, allergens, and chemicals, resulting in various physical and mental disorders. The medical community has remained largely skeptical of the existence of this "disease", given the plethora of symptoms attributed to environmental illness, the lack of reproducible laboratory abnormalities, and the use of unproven therapies to treat the condition. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Volative flammable fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc.

Diesel exhaust particles are taken up by human airway epithelial cells in vitro and alter cytokine production. (1/958)

The involvement of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) in respiratory diseases was evaluated by studying their effects on two in vitro models of human airway epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity of DEPs, their phagocytosis, and the resulting immune response were investigated in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o-) as well as in human nasal epithelial cells in primary culture. DEP exposure induced a time- and dose-dependent membrane damage. Transmission electron microscopy showed that DEPs underwent endocytosis by epithelial cells and translocated through the epithelial cell sheet. Flow cytometric measurements allowed establishment of the time and dose dependency of this phagocytosis and its nonspecificity with different particles (DEPs, carbon black, and latex particles). DEPs also induced a time-dependent increase in interleukin-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-1beta release. This inflammatory response occurred later than phagocytosis, and its extent seems to depend on the content of adsorbed organic compounds because carbon black had no effect on cytokine release. Furthermore, exhaust gas posttreatments, which diminished the adsorbed organic compounds, reduced the DEP-induced increase in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor release. These results suggest that DEPs could 1) be phagocytosed by airway epithelial cells and 2) induce a specific inflammatory response.  (+info)

Diesel exhaust particles induce NF-kappa B activation in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro: importance in cytokine transcription. (2/958)

Fine particles derived from diesel engines (diesel exhaust particles, DEP) have attracted attention, since their density in industrial countries seems related to the increased prevalence of pulmonary diseases. Previous studies have suggested that DEP have a potential to directly activate airway epithelial cells to produce and release inflammatory cytokines and mediators, and thus facilitate inflammatory responses in the lung. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of their action, we studied here IL-8 gene expression, one of the important cytokines in inflammatory responses, by Northern blot analysis and run-on transcription assay. Suspended DEP (1-50 microgram/ml) increased the steady state levels of IL-8 mRNA, which was suggested to be largely due to increased transcriptional rates. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that DEP induced increased binding to the specific motif of NF-kappa B, but not of transcription factor AP-1. The luciferase reporter gene assay using wild-type and mutated NF-kappa B-binding sequences showed that DEP-induced NF-kappa B activation was involved in IL-8 transcription. Finally, both N-acetylcysteine and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuated the action of DEP on IL-8 mRNA expression, suggesting that oxidant-mediated pathway might be involved in its processes. These results suggested that DEP activate NF-kappa B, which might be an important mechanism of its potential to increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines in vitro.  (+info)

Inhalation of diesel engine exhaust affects spermatogenesis in growing male rats. (3/958)

We conducted experiments to determine whether diesel engine exhaust affects reproductive endocrine function in growing rats. The rats were assigned to three groups: a group exposed to total diesel engine exhaust containing 5.63 mg/m3 particulate matter, 4.10 ppm nitrogen dioxide, and 8.10 ppm nitrogen oxide; a group exposed to filtered exhaust without particulate matter; and a group exposed to clean air. Dosing experiments were performed for 3 months beginning at birth (6 hr/day for 5 days/week). Serum levels of testosterone and estradiol were significantly higher in animals exposed to total diesel exhaust and filtered exhaust (p < 0.05 for each group) as compared to the controls. Follicle-stimulating hormone was significantly decreased in the two groups exposed to diesel exhaust as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Luteinizing hormone was significantly decreased in the total exhaust-exposed group as compared to the control and filtered groups (p < 0.05). Although testis weight did not show any significant difference among the groups, sperm production and activity of testicular hyaluronidase were significantly reduced in both exhaust-exposed groups as compared to the control group. Histological examination showed decreased numbers of step 18 and 19 spermatids in stage VI, VII, and VIII tubules in the testes of both diesel exhaust-exposed groups. This study suggests that diesel exhaust stimulates hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex, depresses gonadotropin-releasing-hormone, and inhibits spermatogenesis in rats. Because these effects were not inhibited by filtration, the gaseous phase of the exhaust appears to be more responsible than particulate matter for disrupting the endocrine system.  (+info)

Diesel exhaust exposure among adolescents in Harlem: a community-driven study. (4/958)

OBJECTIVES: This study sought individual-level data on diesel exhaust exposure and lung function among adolescents in Harlem as part of a community-driven research agenda. METHODS: High school students administered in-person surveys to seventh grade students to ascertain information on demographics, asthma history, and self-reported and maternal smoking. Urine samples were assayed for 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP), a marker of diesel exhaust exposure, and cotinine, a marker of tobacco smoke exposure. Computer-assisted spirometry was used to measure lung function. RESULTS: Three quarters (76%) of the participating students had detectable levels of 1-HP. Three students (13%) had an FEF25-75 of less than or equal to 80% of their predicted measurements, and 4 students (17%) had results between 80% and 90% of the predicted value, all of which are suggestive of possible lung impairment. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that most adolescents in Harlem are exposed to detectable levels of diesel exhaust, a known exacerbator and possible cause of chronic lung disorders such as asthma. Community-driven research initiatives are important for empowering communities to make needed changes to improve their environments and health.  (+info)

Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and lung cancer: a meta-analysis. (5/958)

OBJECTIVES: We undertook a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between occupational diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer. METHODS: Thirty of 47 studies initially identified as potentially relevant met specified inclusion criteria. We extracted or calculated 39 independent estimates of relative risk and derived pooled estimates of risk for all studies and for numerous study subsets by using a random-effects model. We also examined interstudy heterogeneity by using linear metaregressions. RESULTS: There was substantial heterogeneity in the pooled risk estimates for all studies combined and for most subsets. Several factors consistent with higher study quality, however, contributed to increased pooled estimates of risk and lower heterogeneity, including (1) adjustment for confounding by cigarette smoking and other covariates, (2) having a lower likelihood of selection bias, and (3) having increased study power. CONCLUSION: This analysis provides quantitative support for prior qualitative reviews that have ascribed an etiologic role to occupational diesel exhaust exposure in lung cancer induction. Among study populations most likely to have had substantial exposure to diesel exhaust, the pooled smoking-adjusted relative risk was 1.47 (95% confidence interval = 1.29, 1.67).  (+info)

Enhancement of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by diesel exhaust particles. (6/958)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), which is an experimental model of autoimmune disease, in mice. CIA was induced by s.c. injection of type II collagen (CII) emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant into the base of the tail (day 0) followed by a booster injection on day 21. Varying doses of DEP were intranasally administered every 2 days from days 0 to 20. The results showed that administration of DEP enhanced both the incidence and the severity of CIA. The enhancement of the disease was associated with pronounced production of anti-CII IgG and IgG2a antibodies. Treatment with DEP also augmented proliferative responses of spleen cells to CII. There was marked secretion of interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-4 from the lymphoid cells in DEP-treated mice. Administration of DEP after onset of CIA was also effective in enhancing the severity of the disease as well as production of anti-CII IgG and IgG2a antibodies and secretion of interferon-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4. These results suggest that exposure to DEP may influence autoimmune disease.  (+info)

Changes in levels of 8-hydroxyguanine in DNA, its repair and OGG1 mRNA in rat lungs after intratracheal administration of diesel exhaust particles. (7/958)

Diesel exhaust particles (DEP), an environmental pollutant, are known to induce lung cancer in experimental animals. To clarify whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in its carcinogenic mechanism, we examined the levels of 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua), its total repair and the repair enzyme OGG1 mRNA in female Fischer 344 rat lungs, as markers of the response to ROS, after DEP was intratracheally instilled. The 8-OH-Gua levels in both DEP-treated groups (2 and 4 mg) were increased during the 2-8 h following exposure to DEP. The 8-OH-Gua repair activities in the DEP-treated groups decreased during the period from 2 h to 2 days following DEP exposure and then recovered to the level of the control group at 5 days after exposure. OGG1 mRNA was induced in rats treated with 4 mg DEP for 5-7 days after administration. In conclusion, the 8-OH-Gua level in rat lung DNA increases markedly at an early phase after DEP exposure, by the generation of ROS and the inhibition of 8-OH-Gua repair activity, and induction of OGG1 mRNA is also a good marker of cellular oxidative stress during carcinogenesis.  (+info)

Generation of reactive oxygen species and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation from diesel exhaust particle components in L1210 cells. (8/958)

The generation of the reactive oxygen species during the interaction of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450 reductase) was investigated by electron spin resonance using the spin-trap 5,5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). Addition of DEP extract to an incubation mixture of mouse lung microsomes in the presence of NADPH resulted in a time-dependent NADPH oxidation and acetylated-cytochrome c reduction. Using purified P450 reductase as the enzyme source, superoxide radicals which were detected as the spin adduct (DMPO-OOH) while metabolized by P450 reductase were dependent upon both DEP and enzyme concentrations. The ELISA method using a specific monoclonal antibody revealed that DEP produced 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which is formed from deoxyguanosine in DNA by hydroxyl radicals, in the culture medium of L1210 cells. Active oxygen scavengers such as superoxide dismutase and catalase effectively blocked the formation of 8-OHdG in culture medium, and deferoxamine, which inhibits hydroxyl radicals production by chelating iron, was also effective in inhibiting the DEP-produced 8-OHdG formation. These results indicate that DEP components produce 8-OHdG through the hydroxyl radical formation via superoxide by redox cycling of P450 reductase.  (+info)

'Vehicle Emissions' is not a term typically used in medical definitions. However, in a broader context, it refers to the gases and particles released into the atmosphere by vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, and airplanes. The main pollutants found in vehicle emissions include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Exposure to these pollutants can have negative health effects, including respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, vehicle emissions are a significant public health concern.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Motor Vehicles" is not a term that typically has a medical definition. It is a general term used to describe vehicles that are powered by a motor or engine and are designed for land transportation. This would include cars, trucks, motorcycles, buses, and other similar types of vehicles.

However, in a legal context, a "motor vehicle" may have a specific definition that varies by jurisdiction. For example, in some places, the definition might only include vehicles that are intended for use on public roads, excluding things like golf carts or construction equipment.

If you're looking for a medical term related to motor vehicles, there are many that could apply, such as "motor vehicle accident," "whiplash injury," or "traumatic brain injury due to motor vehicle collision." But the term "motor vehicles" itself does not have a specific medical definition.

Air pollutants are substances or mixtures of substances present in the air that can have negative effects on human health, the environment, and climate. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, transportation, residential heating and cooking, agricultural activities, and natural events. Some common examples of air pollutants include particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Air pollutants can cause a range of health effects, from respiratory irritation and coughing to more serious conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and cancer. They can also contribute to climate change by reacting with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form harmful ground-level ozone and by directly absorbing or scattering sunlight, which can affect temperature and precipitation patterns.

Air quality standards and regulations have been established to limit the amount of air pollutants that can be released into the environment, and efforts are ongoing to reduce emissions and improve air quality worldwide.

Air pollution is defined as the contamination of air due to the presence of substances or harmful elements that exceed the acceptable limits. These pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, gases, or a combination of these. They can be released from various sources, including industrial processes, vehicle emissions, burning of fossil fuels, and natural events like volcanic eruptions.

Exposure to air pollution can have significant impacts on human health, contributing to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and even premature death. It can also harm the environment, damaging crops, forests, and wildlife populations. Stringent regulations and measures are necessary to control and reduce air pollution levels, thereby protecting public health and the environment.

"Pharmaceutical vehicles" is not a standard term in medical or pharmaceutical sciences. However, I can provide some context based on the phrase's possible meaning. If by "pharmaceutical vehicles," you mean the carriers or delivery systems for drugs or medications, then the definition would be:

Pharmaceutical vehicles refer to various formulations, preparations, or technologies that facilitate and control the administration of a drug or therapeutic agent to its target site in the body. These can include different types of drug delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, liposomes, nanoparticles, transdermal patches, inhalers, injectables, and other innovative drug carrier technologies.

These pharmaceutical vehicles ensure that the active ingredients are safely and effectively transported to their intended site of action within the body, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing potential side effects.

Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) is a type of nuclear medicine imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive material, called a radiotracer, to produce detailed, three-dimensional images. This technique measures metabolic activity within the body, such as sugar metabolism, to help distinguish between healthy and diseased tissue, identify cancerous cells, or examine the function of organs.

During a PET scan, the patient is injected with a radiotracer, typically a sugar-based compound labeled with a positron-emitting radioisotope, such as fluorine-18 (^18^F). The radiotracer accumulates in cells that are metabolically active, like cancer cells. As the radiotracer decays, it emits positrons, which then collide with electrons in nearby tissue, producing gamma rays. A special camera, called a PET scanner, detects these gamma rays and uses this information to create detailed images of the body's internal structures and processes.

PET is often used in conjunction with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide both functional and anatomical information, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Common applications include detecting cancer recurrence, staging and monitoring cancer, evaluating heart function, and assessing brain function in conditions like dementia and epilepsy.

Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) are low-level sounds that are produced by the inner ear (cochlea) without any external stimulation. They can be recorded in a quiet room using specialized microphones placed inside the ear canal. SOAEs are thought to arise from the motion of the hair cells within the cochlea, which generate tiny currents in response to sound. These currents then cause the surrounding fluid and tissue to vibrate, producing sound waves that can be detected with a microphone.

SOAEs are typically present in individuals with normal hearing, although their presence or absence is not a definitive indicator of hearing ability. They tend to occur at specific frequencies and can vary from person to person. In some cases, SOAEs may be absent or reduced in individuals with hearing loss or damage to the hair cells in the cochlea.

It's worth noting that SOAEs are different from evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs), which are sounds produced by the inner ear in response to external stimuli, such as clicks or tones. Both types of otoacoustic emissions are used in hearing tests and research to assess cochlear function and health.

I believe you are looking for a medical condition or term related to the state of Arizona. However, there is no specific medical condition or term named "Arizona." If you're looking for medical conditions or healthcare-related information specific to Arizona, I could provide some general statistics or facts about healthcare in Arizona. Please clarify if this is not what you were looking for.

Arizona has a diverse population and unique healthcare needs. Here are some key points related to healthcare in Arizona:

1. Chronic diseases: Arizona experiences high rates of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which can lead to various health complications if not managed properly.
2. Mental health: Access to mental health services is a concern in Arizona, with a significant portion of the population living in areas with mental health professional shortages.
3. Rural healthcare: Rural communities in Arizona often face challenges accessing quality healthcare due to provider shortages and longer travel distances to medical facilities.
4. COVID-19 pandemic: Like other states, Arizona has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has strained healthcare resources and highlighted existing health disparities among various populations.
5. Indigenous communities: Arizona is home to several indigenous communities, including the Navajo Nation, which faces significant health challenges, such as higher rates of diabetes, heart disease, and COVID-19 infections compared to the general population.

If you were looking for information on a specific medical condition or term related to Arizona, please provide more context so I can give a more accurate response.

Environmental Illness (EI) is a condition in which individuals report experiencing various symptoms that they believe are caused or worsened by exposure to specific environmental factors. These factors can include chemicals, allergens, pollutants, or other substances present in the air, water, or food. The symptoms of EI can vary widely and may include headaches, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, respiratory problems, skin irritations, and gastrointestinal issues.

It's important to note that while some people may be more sensitive than others to environmental factors, the term "Environmental Illness" is not recognized as a formal medical diagnosis by major medical organizations such as the American Medical Association or the World Health Organization. Instead, the symptoms of EI are often attributed to other conditions, such as allergies, asthma, or chemical sensitivities.

In some cases, individuals with EI may be diagnosed with a related condition called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), which is characterized by heightened sensitivity to chemicals and other environmental factors. However, MCS is also not recognized as a formal medical diagnosis by many major medical organizations.

Overall, while some people may experience symptoms that they believe are caused by exposure to environmental factors, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "gasoline" is not a medical term. It is a petroleum-derived liquid used as fuel in internal combustion engines. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

... is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion ... Evaporative emissions are the result of gasoline vapors escaping from the vehicle's fuel system. Since 1971, all U.S. vehicles ... Emission test results from individual vehicles are in many cases compiled to evaluate the emissions performance of various ... National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory of the United States Environmental Protection Agency Vehicle emissions and ...
Low-emission vehicle Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent Optimal Energy Joule Partial zero-emissions vehicle Personal ... A zero-emission vehicle, or ZEV, is a vehicle that does not emit exhaust gas or other pollutants from the onboard source of ... Tier (emission standard) Ultra-low-emission vehicle (ULEV) Who Killed the Electric Car?, a documentary Zero-carbon city Zero ... Examples of zero-emission vehicle with different power sources can include muscle-powered vehicles such as bicycles, electric ...
The Vehicles Emissions Regulation 2007 (EC) No 715/2007 is an EU Regulation that sets maximum levels of toxic emissions from ... The Heavy Vehicle Emission Regulation (EU) 2019/1242, arts. 4-5 applies to heavier vehicles and has limits for CO2. EU law UK ... motor vehicles. Since the introduction of the Euro 1 emission standard, the law has been tightened towards the EU's phase-out ... Article 2 defines the categories of vehicle to which the limits apply, up to those under 2,610 kg. Article 4 states ...
... standard is more stringent than the ultra-low-emission vehicle (ULEV) and low-emission vehicle standards. All emissions-related ... A partial zero-emission vehicle, in the United States, is an automobile that has zero evaporative emissions from its fuel ... United States emission standards Plug-in hybrid "Driveclean.ca.gov fact sheet: Definition of a partial zero-emission vehicle" ( ... Not to be confused with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles which are certified as ZEV or Zero Emission Vehicles.) In addition ...
Marshall JD, Riley WJ, McKone TE, Nazaroff WW: Intake fraction of primary pollutants: motor vehicle emissions in the South ... This research also concluded that particulate vehicle emissions are more toxic to children's health than other particles such ... which is a source of toxic vehicle pollutants. Previous studies have found correlations between exposure to vehicle pollutants ... Exposure to vehicle air pollutants has been noted as primary cause for infant mortality and morbidity, and is also argued to be ...
California AB 1493 Dieselnet pages on vehicle emission standards. EPA National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory. "Emission ... "Vehicle Emission Standards". Infrastructure.gov.au. Retrieved 2016-11-11. "Emission Standards: Australia: On-Road Vehicles and ... Motor vehicle emissions National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Ultra-low-sulfur diesel Vehicle emissions ... despite these tailpipe emission standards for new vehicle types there are many older diesel vehicles, no low-emission zones and ...
... interest in low emission vehicles Partial zero-emissions vehicle Super-ultra-low emission vehicle Ultra-low-emission vehicle ... A low-emission vehicle is a motor vehicle that emits relatively low levels of motor vehicle emissions. The term may be used in ... United States emission standards Zero-emissions vehicle Knez, Matjaz; Jereb, Borut; Obrecht, Matevz (2014). "Factors ... influencing the purchasing decisions of low emission cars : a study of Slovenia". Transportation Research Part D. 30: 53-61. ...
These include battery electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles (fuel cell vehicles). Low-emission vehicle United States emission ... An ultra-low-emission vehicle (ULEV) is a motor vehicle that emits extremely low levels of motor vehicle emissions compared to ... ULEV (ultra-low-emission vehicle) SULEV (super-ultra-low-emission vehicle) SULEV emissions are 90% cleaner than the average new ... PZEV (partial-zero-emission vehicle) A PZEV meets SULEV tailpipe emission standards, but has no evaporative emissions (i.e., no ...
Low-emission vehicle ULEV - Ultra-low-emission vehicle SULEV - Super-ultra low-emission vehicle ZEV - Zero-emission vehicle The ... Air Pollutant Emission Factors Emissions standard List of low emissions locomotives Motor vehicle emissions Portable Emissions ... Testing of existing vehicle emissions, also known as vehicle inspection and maintenance programs (I/M) were introduced as part ... The National Low Emission Vehicle program covered vehicles below 6,000 pounds (2,700 kg) GVWR and adapted the national ...
... low emission vehicle) and ULEV (ultra-low-emission vehicle), however not as strict as PZEV (partial zero-emissions vehicle) ... California Air Resources Board Car dealership Ultra-low-emission vehicle Partial zero-emissions vehicle Zero-emission vehicle " ... Emission standards, Partial zero-emissions vehicles, Super ultra-low emission vehicles, Standards of the United States). ... Super ultra-low emissions vehicle (SULEV) is a U.S. classification for passenger vehicle emissions. The classification is based ...
Article 4 imposes limits for CO2 from heavy vehicles, according to Annex I. Article 5 requires zero emission vehicle factors to ... The Heavy Vehicle Emission Regulation 2019 (EU) 2019/1242 is an EU regulation that limits the toxic exhausts of lorries, trucks ... Article 1 sets the scope of the Regulation, and requires heavy vehicle fleet emissions are reduced by 15% by 2025 and 30% by ... or other heavy vehicles by auto-makers. ...
In addition, any vehicle in one of the 48 Safety and Emission counties that has a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) greater ... North Carolina Safety and Emission Vehicle Inspection is responsible for ensuring that vehicles in North Carolina meet the ... 48 of North Carolina's 100 counties require inspected vehicles to undergo a yearly Safety and Emission inspection for vehicles ... Vehicle Emissions & Safety Inspection North Carolina Department of Transportation Division of Motor Vehicles License and Theft ...
"Urban Access Regulations in Europe". Urban Vehicle Access Regulations & Low Emission Zones. Archived from the original on 10 ... The CO2 emission intensity (or emission factor) shown above is the mass of CO2 emitted for each unit of heat produced by ... Per-person gross emissions are above the world average, at 6.3 t in 2020. Turkey's cumulative CO2 emissions are estimated at ... Road transport in the country dominated emissions with 86 Mt (including agricultural vehicles).: 105 Over three-quarters of ...
European vehicle emissions rules were loosely written. Turning down or switching off emission controls to protect the engine in ... In an Opel Zafira front-wheel-drive vehicle, the NOx emissions were within the 80 mg/km legal limit - but only when the vehicle ... In addition, the vehicle with a carbon dioxide emissions of 179 g CO2/km is permitted, but in real operation on the road, ... The United States as well as the other countries who followed were quick to act since vehicle emissions became a public health ...
... mass emission norms for petrol vehicles. 1992 - Mass emission norms for diesel vehicles. 1996 - Revision of mass emission norms ... The auto companies should inform the customers about a vehicle's emissions. For the emission standards to deliver real emission ... Ranges of emission limits refer to different classes of light commercial vehicles (comparable to EU light-duty vehicle emission ... Emission standards for light-duty diesel vehicles (GVW ≤ 3,500 kg) are summarised in Table 4. Ranges of emission limits refer ...
... emissions testing protocol which allowed the vehicle to comply with emissions regulations by properly activating all emissions ... including during normal vehicle operation, the vehicles operate in a 'normal mode' that permits NOx emissions of up to nine ... with every vehicle exceeding the legal limit of nitrogen oxide emissions. Only Volkswagen group vehicles were found to have ... multiple other vehicle manufacturers got caught falsifying emissions data, as well as exceeding legal emission limits. This ...
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in ... "Emission Standards: Russia and EAEU". dieselnet.com. "Singapore Will Adopt the Euro VI Emission Standards for Petrol Vehicles ... However, some of the vehicles did show reduced emissions, suggesting that real world NOx emission control is possible. In one ... It was discovered that vehicle manufacturers would optimise emissions performance only for the test cycle, whilst emissions ...
... notably vehicle-to-vehicle differences, and the emissions variability within the vehicle itself. PEMS need to be safe enough to ... Real-time On-road Vehicle Emissions Reporter Dennis Johnson, US EPA" (PDF). Real-time On-road Vehicle Emissions Reporter Dennis ... A portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) is a vehicle emissions testing device that is small and light enough to be ... monitored emissions from off-road vehicles at the World Trade center reconstruction site Investigation of Diesel Emission ...
Motor vehicle emissions are a major source of airborne contaminants including arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, lead, antimony ... Common sources are mining and industrial wastes; vehicle emissions; motor oil; fuels used by ships and heavy machineries; ... and Treatment of Metal Emissions from Motor Vehicles". In Shammas, LK; Wang, JP; Chen, Y; et al. (eds.). Heavy Metals in the ...
Common sources of heavy metals in this context include mining, smelting and industrial wastes; vehicle emissions; motor oil; ... Because denser materials absorb more radioactive emissions than lighter ones, heavy metals are useful for radiation shielding ... emission control devices (palladium), and in self-cleaning ovens (where cerium(IV) oxide in the walls of such ovens helps ... and motor vehicles; or in balance weights on wheels and crankshafts, gyroscopes, and propellers, and centrifugal clutches, in ...
Low-emission zone Motor vehicle emissions Roads as extraction route for mines Population fragmentation Second-hand vehicle ... Carbon dioxide is non-toxic to humans but is a major greenhouse gas and motor vehicle emissions are an important contributor to ... "Vehicle exhaust emissions". Theaa.com. 2017-01-11. Retrieved 2017-05-23. "Traffic-related Air Pollution near Busy Roads". ... Emissions include particulate emissions from diesel engines, NOx, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide and various other ...
In May 2021 the Victorian Government released a Zero Emissions Vehicle Roadmap to support the adoption of electric vehicles. ... The Australian government offers a higher luxury tax threshold for qualifying low emissions vehicles and electric vehicles. The ... "Zero emissions vehicles". Energy. Retrieved 2020-01-05. Sakkal, Paul (2021-01-30). "Labor's electric vehicle tax set for a ... taxis and ride share vehicles transition entirely to electric vehicles by 2035. A final National Electric Vehicle Strategy is ...
"Light Duty Vehicle Emissions". 29 June 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2023. EPA first set greenhouse gas emission standards for ... Criticism of sport utility vehicles Esuvee Four-wheel drive Off-road vehicle List of sport utility vehicles Recreational ... or the brand name of the vehicle is typically used for off-road-oriented vehicles. Similarly, in New Zealand, vehicles designed ... The actual term "Sport Utility Vehicle" did not come into wide popular usage until the late 1980s. Before then, such vehicles ...
"Treasure Valley Vehicle Emissions Testing". deq.idaho.gov. Retrieved May 30, 2013. "Air Team - Illinois Vehicle Emission Test ... Any vehicle 26 model years old or more does not require an emissions check of any sort, and vehicles 2 model years old or newer ... Vehicles less than 15 years old must pass an OBD-2 scan for emissions system compliance. Vehicles over 15 years old receive a ... Motorcycles and diesel vehicles are exempt from any state emissions testing. Utah - All vehicles registered in Davis, Salt Lake ...
"California Vehicle Codes". Myron's Mopeds. "Emissions from a Moped Fuelled by Gasoline/Ethanol Mixtures" (PDF). Schramm et al. ... "Untangling US Vehicle Emissions Regulations". Jason Kavanagh. Retrieved 2011-06-10. "2 Stroke Scooters International Projects ... As of 2020[update] the US state of California has a regulatory system for 2- and 3-wheeled vehicles. It classifies vehicles ... Approximate parity with automobiles was achieved with NOx emissions in these studies. Emissions performance was tested on a g/ ...
"Untangling US Vehicle Emissions Regulations". Retrieved 10 June 2011. "2 Stroke Scooters International Projects Network" (PDF ... Approximate parity with automobiles was achieved with NOx emissions in these studies. Emissions performance was tested on a g/ ... A tuned vehicle, not designed for higher speeds, is not as safe as a purpose-designed motorcycle. A survey of Finnish high ... "Emissions from a Moped Fuelled by Gasoline/Ethanol Mixtures" (PDF). Retrieved 18 July 2010. Adam, T.; Farfaletti, A.; Montero, ...
"New Mexico targets vehicle emissions". Albuquerque Journal. August 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021. "Annual Estimates of the ... "EIA - Greenhouse Gas Emissions Overview". www.eia.gov. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2018 ... "Report: Oil and gas leads New Mexico in greenhouse gas emissions, renewable sector growing". www.msn.com. Retrieved August 11, ... The fossil fuels sector accounted for over half the state's overall emissions, which totaled 113.6 million metric tons, about ...
Emission facts: idling vehicle emissions. April 1998" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2005-07-24. Retrieved 2012-05- ... Heavy duty gasoline vehicle LDDV - Light duty diesel vehicle LDDT - Light duty diesel truck HDDV - Heavy duty diesel vehicle MC ... Idling refers to running a vehicle's engine when the vehicle is not in motion. This commonly occurs when drivers are stopped at ... Hybrid vehicles typically shut down their internal combustion engines while stopped, although some conventional vehicles are ...
Motor vehicle emissions and pregnancy • Externalities of automobiles Environmental impact of shipping (Cruise ships in Europe ... Greenhouse gas emissions - Coal-fired power station • Carbon dioxide • Methane • Fluorinated gases Human population - ... fossil fuel vehicles Environmental aspects of the electric car Hydrogen economy Rail electrification Scrappage program Vehicle ...
Retrieved 2010-06-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) "Fact Sheet , Vehicle Efficiency and Emissions ... In order to make vehicles safer the ATA supports: targeted electronic speed governing of certain non-commercial vehicles, ... and CO2 emissions of all vehicles by nearly a billion tons over the next decade.[dubious - discuss] Also, ATA recommends that ... The ATA maintains that the trucking industry is safer than it has ever been, according to truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT) ...
Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion ... Evaporative emissions are the result of gasoline vapors escaping from the vehicles fuel system. Since 1971, all U.S. vehicles ... Emission test results from individual vehicles are in many cases compiled to evaluate the emissions performance of various ... National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory of the United States Environmental Protection Agency Vehicle emissions and ...
Fleet Vehicle Emissions Testing Permit. If you are a new or used car dealer, or own or lease a fleet of vehicles, you may apply ... Voluntary Vehicle Repair Program (VVRP) Helps with Repair Costs When Vehicles Fail an Emissions Test. The VVRP pays up to $900 ... Vehicle emissions contribute to increased levels of air pollution like man-made ozone and particulate matter (smoke and dust). ... Vehicle Emissions Testing Station Information and Locations. ADEQ uses the newest testing technology and customer service ...
Reversing Trump rollback, Bidens EPA announces historically ambitious vehicle emissions standards. Olivia Rosane - December 22 ... Research expedition discovers extensive emissions of methane from bottom of Baltic Sea. Ashley Curtin - September 27, 2023. ... Average gas mileage of new US vehicles did not improve in.... Climate Nexus - December 15, 2022. ... the administration must issue long-term standards strong enough to usher in the age of electric vehicles." ...
Choose a zero-emission vehicle. More Canadians and Canadian businesses each year are switching to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs ... With a federal commitment to achieve 100% new light-duty zero-emission vehicles sales by 2035, Canada is becoming a global ... Greening commercial vehicles and fleets. Funding programs and incentives to help businesses and governments make the transition ... Save even more with the lower costs of electric vehicle charging, compared to fuelling with gas. ...
... will host a remote-access workshop to present and gather stakeholder feedback on the Draft Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) ... Draft Zero-Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Plan (ZIP). Presentations. *Draft Zero-Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Plan ... Notice of Workshop on the Draft Zero-Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Plan. *Aviso del Taller sobre el borrador del Plan de ... will host a remote-access workshop to present and gather stakeholder feedback on the Draft Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) ...
Justia Legal News vehicle emissions. Articles Tagged with vehicle emissions. California Files Suit Against Federal Agencies ... has sued two US federal agencies over the data they used to support rolling back Obama-era vehicle emissions standards. ...
In Japan, neat biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil has often been applied to commercial vehicles. Ho ... application of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for petroleum diesel fuel is very effective for the reduction of CO₂ emission, ... were used for test vehicles in this study. The exhaust emissions from these vehicles during JE05 mode tests were compared ... As a result, the application of biodiesel to older vehicles did not cause a negative effect on the exhaust emissions. On the ...
... nearly one-third of on-road heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions and over half of on-road light-duty diesel vehicle emissions ... Vehicle emissions such as nitrogen oxides contribute to air pollution that can be harmful to human health and the environment. ... Heavy-duty vehicles are the dominant contributor to excess diesel NOx emissions and associated health impacts in almost all ... Diesel vehicles produce about 20 per cent of global nitrogen oxide emissions and emit more under real-world operating ...
In 2019, transportation emissions accounted for 29% of US greenhouse gas emissions, 58% of which were from light-duty vehicles ... In 2020, transportation emissions saw a 15% drop due to decreasing petroleum usage. Up until September, vehicular emissions for ... Despite the greater initial emissions costs during manufacturing, there is a significant emissions reduction over its lifetime ... its possible the increased electric vehicle demand for the next decade will offset a portion of the emissions if this trend ...
LPG and CNG vehicles. Table 2 Vehicle exhaust emissions requirements for new diesel vehicles. Table 3 Vehicle exhaust emissions ... Table 2 Vehicle exhaust emissions requirements for new diesel vehicles. Date of manufacture. Approved vehicle emissions ... Vehicle exhaust emissions requirements for new petrol, LPG and CNG vehicles. Date of manufacture. Approved vehicle emissions ... Vehicle exhaust emissions requirements for used diesel vehicles. Certified for entry into service. Approved vehicle emissions ...
Actions we need to take to shift to zero emissions vehicles. ... low emissions vehicles. *Invest in electric vehicle recharging ... Accelerate the transition of our passenger and light vehicle and public transport fleets to low or zero emissions vehicles. * ... Reduce emissions from our public transport fleet, beginning with procurement of only electric buses from 2025. ... capacity and incentivise uptake of electric vehicles through targeted parking and network priority. ...
EUR 8.5 million for purchase of zero emissions vehicles and e-bikes - policy from the IEA Policies Database. ...
Nevada will be the latest state to adopt Californias low-and zero-emission vehicle rules following similar announcements by ... Californias vehicle emissions rules, which are more stringent than rules advocated by the Environmental Protection Agency ... Nevada to join other states that follow California vehicle emissions rules. Thats one more in Californias ranks as it squares ... The rules require automakers to sell vehicles in Nevada that emit lower emissions of greenhouse gases and other harmful air ...
Learn more about the current emissions regulations and standards in Europe, China, the United States, and India. ... with China 6 emission standards) have taken bold steps in emissions regulations for light-duty vehicles, tackling particulate ... India Vehicle Emissions Regulations. In 2018, Delhi was ranked the most polluted capital in the world and, in total, 22 out of ... Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) are used to monitor the tailpipe in real-time, making sure that vehicles stay ...
The simulator produces a representative tailpipe volume flow rate containing up to five emission constituents, injected via ... The Vehicle Exhaust Emissions Simulator was developed to evaluate the performance of vehicle emissions sampling and analytical ... The Vehicle Exhaust Emissions Simulator was developed to evaluate the performance of vehicle emissions sampling and analytical ... Vehicle Exhaust Emissions Simulator- A Quality Control Tool to evaluate the Performance of Low Level Emission Sampling and ...
New York has joined California in requiring that all new passenger vehicles sold in the state be zero emissions by 2035. ... New York to Require Zero Emission Passenger Vehicles by 2035 New York has joined California in requiring that all new passenger ... New York has joined California in requiring that all new passenger vehicles sold in the state be zero emissions by 2035. ... and were using our strength to help spur innovation and implementation of zero-emission vehicles on a grand scale," Governor ...
... declared California would fight to prevent the Trump administration from rolling back Obama-era fuel efficiency and vehicle ... California Sues Trump Administration Over Vehicle Emission Standards California Gov. Jerry Brown / Getty Images Haris Alic ... The vehicle emission standard that California and the other jurisdictions are attempting to keep in place was a hallmark ... were filing a lawsuit challenging the Environmental Protection Agencys decision to scrap the single-vehicle emission standard ...
Nevada to adopt California zero-emission vehicle standards Nevada will become the 14th state to follow the ZEV regulations. ... This decade, Nevada will become the 14th US state to adopt Californias long-running zero-emission vehicle standards, Governor ... Nevada plans to implement the zero-emission vehicle standards in 2025 and will allow automakers to start earning credits ... CleanCarsNevada regulation to provide Nevadans w/more choices for purchasing low/zero emission vehicles. #CleanCarsNevada is ...
Taking action on zero emission vehicles series, weve shone a spotlight on Delhis leading commitments and ambition on ZEVs. ... Delhis timeline for zero emission vehicle rollout includes:. *100% of all government vehicles must be electric by the end of ... Through the ZEV Communitys Taking action on zero emission vehicles series, weve shone a spotlight on Delhis leading ... To support the uptake of zero emission vehicles, Delhi is taking action to improve charging infrastructure and public transport ...
Low-Emission Vehicle priority parking spaces are designated specifically for Low Emission Vehicles (LEV) at listed campus ... Low-Emission and Electric Vehicles. Wake Tech rewards students and employees who use greener personal vehicles. Priority ... Electric vehicles. With the transition to electric vehicles (EVs), Wake Tech is making efforts to encourage EV use. There are ... parking spaces are designated specifically for low-emission vehicles (LEVs) at the following campus locations:. *Southern Wake ...
CLASSIC CAR experts have revealed historic models produce just half the emissions of mobile phones and computers as specialists ... Experts at the Historic Classic and Vehicle Association (HCVA) have warned classic car emissions are a "widespread ... "The truth is that the average classic car produces under HALF the carbon dioxide emissions of using a mobile phone or computer ... The emissions are just a fraction of mobile phones and computers (Image: Getty) ...
... exhibition and networking event for the global vehicle emission and DEF/AdBlue markets - Integer Vehicle Emissions Live - ... Listen to our vehicle emissions podcast. The "This is So Exhausting!" podcast series offers an insight into some of the ... Regulations for vehicle emissions - a global update. Request your copy of a global map outlining key developments in the ... Request your copy of the sample delegate list to see who is booked on to attend the Integer Vehicle Emissions Live - Virtual ...
... vehicle emissions, vehicle emissions reductions, vehicle pollution reduction, vehicle pollution standards itemprop=" ... where vehicle emissions are at their highest. These communities have suffered historical injustices such as redlining and other ...
Are Battery Electric Vehicles a Possibility to Decrease CO2 Emissions? - Economy / Transport Economics - Research Paper 2017 - ... ICE vehicle data and emissions Data was collected regarding current passenger vehicle use in Melbourne, along with various ... emissions, up from 25% in 2010 (IEA, 2017). This growth in vehicle emissions does not seem to be slowing down. China alone has ... Emission figures relating to ICE vehi-. cles were first estimated using census data and average passenger vehicle emissions, to ...
Kenya has experienced a significant increase in transport emissions, which have become a major contributor to air pollution in ... Motorbikes and vehicles make up a significant portion of these emissions, and the consequences are dire. ... The initial cost of buying electric vehicles is higher than diesel vehicles. We are looking for tax incentives and other ... Transport emissions are one of the key contributors to air pollution in Kenya. [File, Standard]. The air is thick with smoke as ...
... different vehicle segments (compact, SUV, sports vehicle, and light commercial vehicle), the actual average vehicle usage in ... In the zero-emissions vehicle category, the company offers fuel cell compressors for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs) as ... Its advanced technologies help reduce emissions and reach zero emissions via passenger and commercial vehicle applications - ... Garrett Motions vehicle lifecycle study captures real-world CO2 emissions data from the European car market, by type of ...
Forcing new vehicles to meet proposed tighter emissions standards could create €9bn of new jobs and save €36bn in fuel costs by ... Exclusive: EU vehicle emissions standards set to create €9bn worth of new jobs. ... All-electric future: Government confirms Zero Emission Vehicle mandate Experts predict retention of EV targets announced in ...
Transition to Zero-Emission Vehicles Would Save 110,000 Lives, Report Finds. A full shift would bring $1.2 trillion in public ... All states are urged to adopt zero-emission vehicle standards, as 15 have already. They should additionally "invest in the ... The publication imagines a scenario of a shift to full renewable electricity and 100% sales of zero-emission passenger vehicles ... "lead by example by converting public fleets to zero-emission vehicles." ...
A dozen U.S. states have adopted Californias vehicle emissions rules covering more than a third of all U.S. sales. ... "Ensuring that Americas vehicles are efficient, safe and affordable is a priority for us all," Ford Motor Co., BMW AG, ... Volta: Electric vehicles are here - Is your marketing department ready? * Walbridge: Video , Walbridge Chairman on how ... Volta: Electric vehicles are here - Is your marketing department ready? * Walbridge: Video , Walbridge Chairman on how ...
Londons ultra low emission zone accounts for the majority of this income. ... Vehicle emissions-based schemes have generated more than £418m since 2021 The figure comprises fees and penalty charges (Lucy ... Check your vehicle to see if it meets the emissions standards View an interactive map to see where the expanded zone will ... Vehicle emissions-based schemes have generated more than £418 million in fees and penalty charges in England since March 2021, ...

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