Energy depletion differently affects membrane transport and intracellular metabolism of riboflavin taken up by isolated rat enterocytes. (1/1057)

Isolated rat enterocytes, both normal and those de-energized with rotenone, were used to study the energy dependence of membrane and intracellular intestinal riboflavin transport in vitro. Membrane and intracellular transport were investigated by using short (3 min) and long (20 min) incubation times, respectively. For both types of cells and incubation times, [3H]-riboflavin uptake presented a saturable component prevailing at physiologic intraluminal concentrations. At 3 min incubation, saturable [3H]-riboflavin transport was apparently an energy-independent process with high affinity and low capacity. Values of the saturable component and its apparent constants, Km and Jmax, did not differ in normal and de-energized enterocytes. At 20 min incubation, saturable [3H]-riboflavin transport was a strictly energy-dependent process in which values of the saturable component were significantly greater in normal than in de-energized enterocytes. Km values did not differ in the two types of cells and were unmodified over 3 min, whereas in normal enterocytes, Jmax at 20 min [6.25 +/- 0.2 pmol/(mg protein. 20 min)] was significantly greater than at 3 min [2.67 +/- 0.33 pmol/(mg protein. 3 min)] and compared with de-energized enterocytes at 20 min [2.54 +/- 0.16 pmol/(mg protein. 20 min)]. Both membrane and intracellular events were inhibited by unlabeled riboflavin and analogs, which are good substrates for flavokinase, thus demonstrating the paramount role of this enzyme in riboflavin intestinal transport.  (+info)

Dual actions of the metabolic inhibitor, sodium azide on K(ATP) channel currents in the rat CRI-G1 insulinoma cell line. (2/1057)

1. The effects of various inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain on the activity of ATP-sensitive K+ channels were examined in the Cambridge rat insulinoma G1 (CRI-G1) cell line using a combination of whole cell and single channel recording techniques. 2. Whole cell current clamp recordings, with 5 mM ATP in the pipette, demonstrate that the mitochondrial uncoupler sodium azide (3 mM) rapidly hyperpolarizes CRI-G1 cells with a concomitant increase in K+ conductance. This is due to activation of K(ATP) channels as the sulphonylurea tolbutamide (100 microM) completely reversed the actions of azide. Other inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, rotenone (10 microM) or oligomycin (2 microM) did not hyperpolarize CRI-G1 cells or increase K+ conductance. 3. In cell-attached recordings, bath application of 3 mM sodium azide (in the absence of glucose) resulted in a rapid increase in K(ATP) channel activity, an action readily reversible by tolbutamide (100 microM). Application of sodium azide (3 mM), in the presence of Mg-ATP, to the intracellular surface of excised inside-out patches also increased K(ATP) channel activity, in a reversible manner. 4. In contrast, rotenone (10 microM) or oligomycin (2 microM) did not increase K(ATP) channel activity in either cell-attached, in the absence of glucose, or inside-out membrane patch recordings. 5. Addition of sodium azide (3 mM) to the intracellular surface of inside-out membrane patches in the presence of Mg-free ATP or the non-hydrolysable analogue 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) inhibited, rather than increased, K(ATP) channel activity. 6. In conclusion, sodium azide, but not rotenone or oligomycin, directly activates K(ATP) channels in CRI-G1 insulin secreting cells. This action of azide is similar to that reported previously for diazoxide.  (+info)

Mechanisms of hypoxic vasodilatation of isolated rat mesenteric arteries: a comparison with metabolic inhibition. (3/1057)

1. Hypoxia (PO2 < 5 mmHg) decreased vessel tone in isolated rat mesenteric arteries precontracted with either high [K+] or the thromboxane analogue U46619. This response was not altered by N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) and indomethacin. 2. Simultaneous measurement of pHi and tension showed that the decrease in vessel tone was accompanied by an intracellular acidification. Similar reductions in tone and pHi were observed with the metabolic inhibitors 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and sodium azide. 3. The presence of the lactate transport inhibitor alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (CHC) increased the magnitude of the acidification and resulted in a significantly faster reduction in tone in response to hypoxia. Addition of CHC to normoxic tissues caused both a vasodilatation and a reduction of pHi. 4. A decrease in pHi induced on washout of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) resulted in an increase in tone. 5. Relaxation to hypoxia or metabolic inhibition was unaffected when the change in pHi was neutralized by addition of the weak base trimethylamine (TMA). 6. It is concluded that severe hypoxia decreases tone in isolated rat mesenteric arteries by a mechanism which is independent of nitric oxide and prostaglandins. Both severe hypoxia and metabolic inhibition reduced pHi, although this does not appear to be contributing to the changes in tone observed.  (+info)

Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation can enhance a Fas death signal. (4/1057)

Recent work suggests a participation of mitochondria in apoptotic cell death. This role includes the release of apoptogenic molecules into the cytosol preceding or after a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential DeltaPsim. The two uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) reduce DeltaPsim by direct attack of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here we show that both compounds enhance the apoptosis-inducing capacity of Fas/APO-1/CD95 signaling in Jurkat and CEM cells without causing apoptotic changes on their own account. This amplification occurred upstream or at the level of caspases and was not inhibited by Bcl-2. The effect could be blocked by the cowpox protein CrmA and is thus likely to require caspase 8 activity. Apoptosis induction by staurosporine in Jurkat cells as well as by Fas in SKW6 cells was unaffected by CCCP and DNP. The role of cytochrome c during Fas-DNP signaling was investigated. No early cytochrome c release from mitochondria was detected by Western blotting. Functional assays with cytoplasmic preparations from Fas-DNP-treated cells also indicated that there was no major contribution by cytochrome c or caspase 9 to the activation of effector caspases. Furthermore, an increase of rhodamine-123 uptake into intact cells, which has been explained by mitochondrial swelling, occurred considerably later than the caspase activation and was blocked by Z-VAD-fmk. These data show that uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation can presensitize some but not all cells for a Fas death signal and provide information about the existence of separate pathways in the induction of apoptosis.  (+info)

Roles of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange and of mitochondria in the regulation of presynaptic Ca2+ and spontaneous glutamate release. (5/1057)

The release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals depends on an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). In addition to the opening of presynaptic Ca2+ channels during excitation, other Ca2+ transport systems may be involved in changes in [Ca2+]i. We have studied the regulation of [Ca2+]i in nerve terminals of hippocampal cells in culture by the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger and by mitochondria. In addition, we have measured changes in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) before and after the inhibition of the exchanger and of mitochondrial metabolism. We found rather heterogeneous [Ca2+]i responses of individual presynaptic terminals after inhibition of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange. The increase in [Ca2+]i became more uniform and much larger after additional treatment of the cells with mitochondrial inhibitors. Correspondingly, sEPSC frequencies changed very little when only Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange was inhibited, but increased dramatically after additional inhibition of mitochondria. Our results provide evidence for prominent roles of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange and mitochondria in presynaptic Ca2+ regulation and spontaneous glutamate release.  (+info)

Benzene-induced uncoupling of naphthalene dioxygenase activity and enzyme inactivation by production of hydrogen peroxide. (6/1057)

Naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) is a multicomponent enzyme system that oxidizes naphthalene to (+)-cis-(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-1, 2-dihydronaphthalene with consumption of O2 and two electrons from NAD(P)H. In the presence of benzene, NADH oxidation and O2 utilization were partially uncoupled from substrate oxidation. Approximately 40 to 50% of the consumed O2 was detected as hydrogen peroxide. The rate of benzene-dependent O2 consumption decreased with time, but it was partially increased by the addition of catalase in the course of the O2 consumption by NDO. Detailed experiments showed that the total amount of O2 consumed and the rate of benzene-induced O2 consumption increased in the presence of hydrogen peroxide-scavenging agents, and further addition of the terminal oxygenase component (ISPNAP) of NDO. Kinetic studies showed that ISPNAP was irreversibly inactivated in the reaction that contained benzene, but the inactivation was relieved to a high degree in the presence of catalase and partially relieved in the presence of 0.1 mM ferrous ion. Benzene- and naphthalene-reacted ISPNAP gave almost identical visible absorption spectra. In addition, hydrogen peroxide added at a range of 0.1 to 0.6 mM to the reaction mixtures inactivated the reduced ISPNAP containing mononuclear iron. These results show that hydrogen peroxide released during the uncoupling reaction acts both as an inhibitor of benzene-dependent O2 consumption and as an inactivator of ISPNAP. It is proposed that the irreversible inactivation of ISPNAP occurs by a Fenton-type reaction which forms a strong oxidizing agent, hydroxyl radicals (. OH), from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous mononuclear iron at the active site. Furthermore, when [14C]benzene was used as the substrate, cis-benzene 1,2-dihydrodiol formed by NDO was detected. This result shows that NDO also couples a trace amount of benzene to both O2 consumption and NADH oxidation.  (+info)

Dietary vitamin A supplementation in rats: suppression of leptin and induction of UCP1 mRNA. (7/1057)

All-trans-retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces the gene expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and suppresses leptin gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) when given as an acute dose. These contrasting effects of RA leave in doubt the overall effect of chronic RA or vitamin A supplementation on energy homeostasis. To investigate the effects of dietary vitamin A supplementation on leptin and UCP1 gene expression, rats were fed either a normal diet (2.6 retinol/kg diet) or a vitamin A-supplemented diet (129 mg retinol/kg diet) for 8 weeks, and adiposity, serum leptin levels, leptin mRNA levels in perirenal WAT, UCP1 and UCP2 mRNA levels in BAT, and beta3-adrenergic receptor mRNA levels in BAT and WAT were examined. Rats on both diets gained a similar amount of weight, but there was a small 9% decrease in the adiposity index in the vitamin A-supplemented rats. Dietary vitamin A supplementation increased UCP1 gene expression in BAT by 31%, but suppressed leptin gene expression by 44% and serum leptin levels by 65%. UCP2 and beta3-adrenergic receptor gene expression in BAT and perirenal WAT were unchanged by the vitamin A diet. These data suggest that dietary vitamin A has a role in regulating energy homeostasis by enhancing UCP1 gene expression and decreasing serum leptin levels.  (+info)

Mechanisms mediating the vasorelaxing action of eugenol, a pungent oil, on rabbit arterial tissue. (8/1057)

The inhibitory actions of eugenol on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the contractions induced by excess extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) in rabbit thoracic aorta were investigated. Application of excess [K+]o solution (30-90 mM) produced contraction and increased the intensity of the Ca2+ fluorescence signal. Pretreatment with eugenol (> or =0.1 mM) reduced both the amplitude of contraction and the intensity of the Ca2+ fluorescence signal, but the contraction was more strongly affected than the [Ca2+]i. Application of eugenol (0.3 mM) to tissue precontracted by 90 mM [K+]o solution (immediately after the removal of the 90 mM [K+]o solution) slowed the decay of the [Ca2+]i signal, but it did not change the rate of relaxation. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrozone (10 microM), a mitochondrial metabolic inhibitor, produced a reduction in tension despite a slight increase in [Ca2+]i when applied to muscle precontracted by 90 mM [K+]o solution. These results indicate that eugenol relaxes the rabbit thoracic aorta while suppressing the Ca2+-sensitivity and both the uptake and extrusion mechanisms for Ca2+. To judge from the similarities between its actions and those of metabolic inhibitors, eugenol may produce its actions at least partly through metabolic inhibition.  (+info)

An uncoupling protein in cell biology. An uncoupling agent in cell biology. Uncoupling (or decoupling) rail vehicles. ... Look up uncouple, uncoupler, or uncoupling in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Uncoupling or uncouple may refer to: Uncoupling ... comedy series starring Neil Patrick Harris This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Uncoupling. If an ...
Uncoupling agent Gaudry MJ, Jastroch M (March 2019). "Molecular evolution of uncoupling proteins and implications for brain ... also serve the same uncoupling function. Salicylic acid is also an uncoupling agent (chiefly in plants) and will decrease ... An uncoupling protein is thus capable of dissipating the proton gradient generated by NADH-powered pumping of protons from the ... Uncoupling proteins play a role in normal physiology, as in cold exposure or hibernation, because the energy is used to ...
It is a powerful uncoupling agent and is toxic by inhalation. Perfluorinated compound Uncoupling agent Gage, JC (January 1970 ...
It is referred to as an uncoupling agent because it disrupts ATP synthesis by transporting hydrogen ions through the ... Heytler, P G (1962). "A new class of uncoupling agents - Carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones". Biochemical and Biophysical ...
This sets it apart from uncoupling agents such as protonophores. While these also decrease ATP synthesis and depolarise the ... It showed strong antibiotic activity against a multidrug-resistant strain of the main causative agent of malaria, the protozoan ... caused by other agents such as protonophores, in several ways: first, it is considerably faster, resulting in complete ...
DNP is probably the best known agent for uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate ( ... In humans, DNP causes dose-dependent mitochondrial uncoupling, causing the rapid loss of ATP as heat and leading to ... In living cells, DNP acts as a protonophore, an agent that can shuttle protons (hydrogen cations) across biological membranes. ... Because of the heat produced during uncoupling, DNP overdose will overpower the body's attempt to maintain thermal homeostasis ...
... (aka Malonoben, Tyrphostin A9, GCP5126, and AG-17) is an uncoupling agent/protonophore. As of 1974 when it was ... the prototypical uncoupling agent, and about 3x the effectiveness of 5-chloro-3-tert-butyl-2'-chloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide. ... as an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation with no uncoupling activity: possible identity of uncoupler binding protein". ...
... uncoupling agent). Thyroid hormones, another early weight loss drug, also raised energy expenditure but ceased to be used for ... Catecholamine releasing agents such as amphetamine, phentermine, and related substituted amphetamines (e.g., bupropion) act as ... Anti-obesity medication or weight loss medications are pharmacological agents that reduce or control excess body fat. These ... "Obesity Medication: Gastrointestinal Agents, Other, CNS Stimulants, Anorexiants, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists, ...
... a Mitochondrial Uncoupling Agent, Attenuates Inflammation in the LPS Injection Mouse Model: An Adjunctive Anti-Inflammation on ... mediated mitochondrial uncoupling protects against obesity and improves glycemic control". EMBO Molecular Medicine. 12 (7): ...
Doxorubicin is an uncoupling agent in that it inhibits proper functioning of complex I of the electron transport chain in ... Pharmacotoxicology entails the study of the consequences of toxic exposure to pharmaceutical drugs and agents in the health ...
The precise causative chemical is unknown: for now it is presumed that one of the chemicals in hops acts as a uncoupling agent ... pet owners in 2006 found that the most commonly used supplements were multivitamins and chondroprotective agents. Overdoses of ...
It is routinely used as an experimental uncoupling agent in cell and molecular biology, particularly in the study of mitophagy ... CCCP causes an uncoupling of the proton gradient that is established during the normal activity of electron carriers in the ...
... uncoupling agents MeSH D27.505.519.405 - enzyme reactivators MeSH D27.505.519.405.347 - cholinesterase reactivators MeSH ... antiviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077 - anti-retroviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077.088 - anti-hiv agents MeSH ... tocolytic agents MeSH D27.505.954.016 - anti-allergic agents MeSH D27.505.954.122 - anti-infective agents MeSH D27.505.954.122. ... tranquilizing agents MeSH D27.505.696.277.950.015 - anti-anxiety agents MeSH D27.505.696.277.950.025 - antimanic agents MeSH ...
Uncoupling+Agents at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e (Articles with short ... An uncoupler or uncoupling agent is a molecule that disrupts oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes and mitochondria or ... Kessler RJ, Tyson CA, Green DE (1976). "Mechanism of uncoupling in mitochondria: Uncouplers as ionophores for cycling cations ... and thus must be combined with one or more other pseudo-uncouplers to achieve full uncoupling. The following compounds are ...
These agents act to uncouple DP1 from its G proteins and to internalize in a process that limits the DP1's cell-activation life ... Activation of protein kinase Cs likewise trigger DP1 to uncouple from G proteins and internalize although in model studies DP1 ...
Its discovery as an antitubercular agent was remarkable since it has no activity against tuberculosis in vitro, due to not ... Peterson ND, Rosen BC, Dillon NA, Baughn AD (December 2015). "Uncoupling Environmental pH and Intrabacterial Acidification from ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 40 (1): 14-16. doi:10.1128/AAC.40.1.14. PMC 163048. PMID 8787871. Chedore P, Bertucci L ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 39 (6): 1269-1271. doi:10.1128/aac.39.6.1269. PMC 162725. PMID 7574514. Klemens SP, ...
Chaotropic agents can destabilize F1 particles and cause them to dissociate from the membrane, thereby uncoupling the final ... I. Lipid oxidation in submitochondrial particles and microsomes induced by chaotropic agents". Arch Biochem Biophys. 138 (1): ...
The mechanism of antineoplastic activity of mannomustine, like for all other alkylating agents, lies in its ability to alkylate ... DNA guanine nucleobases and, thus, to prevent uncoupling of DNA strands, which is a required step for any cell to divide. ... Mannomustine (INN), also known as mannitol nitrogen mustard, tradename Degranol is an old alkylating antineoplastic agent from ... Alkylating antineoplastic agents, Nitrogen mustards, Chloroethyl compounds). ...
Le professeur de gym Un couple (1960) - (uncredited) Le caïd (1960) - Un agent de stationnement (uncredited) Snobs! (1962) - Le ...
Aspirin acts as an acetylating agent where an acetyl group is covalently attached to a serine residue in the active site of the ... It uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in cartilaginous (and hepatic) mitochondria, by diffusing from the intermembrane space ... Some of its effects are like those of salicylic acid, which is not an acetylating agent. There are at least two different ... 2000). "Uncoupling of intestinal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and inhibition of cyclooxygenase are required for the ...
A phenolic preservative agent, the bacteriostatic mechanism of p-Chlorocresol arises from its ability to induce cytoplasmic ... Cytoplasmic leakage also results in dissipation of the proton motive force, causing uncoupling of respiration from ATP ... p-Chlorocresol is a potent disinfectant and antiseptic agent due to its antimicrobial and antifungal properties and is ...
Although the uncoupling of senescence from cellular aging appears at first sight to be inconsistent with the fact that ... without having been treated with any senescence inducers or DNA-damaging agents, re-affirming the independence of the process ...
Pierrat B, Ito M, Hinz W, Simonen M, Erdmann D, Chiesi M, Heim J (May 2000). "Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 interact with members ... Kino T, Chrousos GP (2004). "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related ...
Furthermore, genipin can be used as a regulating agent for drug delivery, as the raw material for gardenia blue pigment ... milk due to the natural pH of milk In vitro experiments have shown that genipin blocks the action of the transporter uncoupling ...
Turbé uncouples the dining car, leaving it to be destroyed by a following train. The gang try to escape from the front of the ... Harwood asks Turbé to bring the two Scotland Yard agents in on his signal. Then Harwood and Fenton confront the Pilgrims in the ...
... learns she has been kidnapped by an agent of Lo Fong, a traitor who fled the Forbidden City. Wang finds Roy and demands to know ... fights off the gang before uncoupling the train cars and escaping on the engine. Wallace takes over the gang, leaving Roy ...
In 1901, a Pinkerton Detective agent tracked a bank robber to the community. That year, the population peaked at about 100. The ... For safety, passenger cars were clamped together to prevent uncoupling. The new tunnel was 212 metres (694 ft) in length. In ...
CL 303268 uncouples oxidative phosphorylation at the mitochondria, resulting in disruption of production of ATP, cellular death ... Chlorfenapyr is also used as a wool insect-proofing agent, and was introduced as an alternative to synthetic pyrethroids due to ... "Insecticidal Action and Mitochondrial Uncoupling Activity of AC-303,630 and Related Halogenated Pyrroles". Pesticide ...
ISBN 978-3-527-32965-6. Ze-jian Guo; Hideto Miyoshi; Terumasa Komyoji; Takahiro Haga; Toshio Fujita (1991). "Uncoupling ... Principles and Agents. Academic Press. p. 1243. ISBN 978-0-08-053379-7. Schepers, Huub; Kessel, Geert; Lucca, F; Forch, M; van ... against fungi and also very low toxicity to mammals due to it being rapidly metabolised to a compound without uncoupling ...
Central nervous system (CNS) seizure agents. CNS seizure agents inhibit cellular signaling by acting as receptor antagonists. ... Involves toxicants that uncouple the two processes that occur in oxidative phosphorylation: electron transfer and adenosine ... Examples of CNS seizure agents are organochlorine pesticides. Respiratory blockers. These are toxicants that affect respiration ...
An uncoupling protein in cell biology. An uncoupling agent in cell biology. Uncoupling (or decoupling) rail vehicles. ... Look up uncouple, uncoupler, or uncoupling in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Uncoupling or uncouple may refer to: Uncoupling ... comedy series starring Neil Patrick Harris This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Uncoupling. If an ...
Uncoupling Agents / toxicity Substances * Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal * Hypoglycemic Agents * Mitochondrial ... inhibiting or uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation; inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress; or inhibiting DNA replication, ...
However thyroxine is also a mildly effective uncoupling agent. Uncoupling agents dissipate the chemical gradient, usually by ... Uncoupling and the basal metabolic rate. Endotherms like ourselves (formerly called homeotherms) maintain a constant body ...
Lipolyze contains natural uncoupling agents. These non-stimulant based compounds help the body burn calories without raising ...
... the parathyroid hormone analogues teriparatide and abaloparatide are anabolic agents. Romosozumab is an uncoupling agent that ... This anabolic agent acts as endogenous PTH, thus regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism in bone and kidneys. It works ... Osteoanabolic Agents for Osteoporosis. J Endocr Soc. 2018 Aug 1. 2 (8):922-932. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Tai N, Inoue D. [Anti-Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) antibody as a bone anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis]. Clin Calcium. 2014 ...
... is an indicator of mitochondrial respiration in the presence of a series of metabolic inhibitors and uncoupling agents.42,45 ...
... uncoupling agent); and (3) a combination of 0.5 μM rotenone (complex I inhibitor) and 0.5 μM antimycin A (complex III inhibitor ... FTY720 is a prodrug approved as a medicine for MS patients that must be phosphorylated to become an active agent (FTY720-P), ...
Uncoupling Agents. People using this type of and other medications at all times should talk your vitamins B12 review to aid ...
... with an insecticidal or acaricidal active ingredient such as an active ingredient of an insecticidal or acaricidal agent having ... e) Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling agents: meptyldinocap, fluazinam, ferimzone; (f) ATP synthase inhibitors: silthiofam; ( ... fogging agent, heating transpiration agent, smoking agent, baiting agent or the like. Further, it may be a form that is ... BT agent1) 100 ppm 0 - 3 - acynonapyr 2.0 ppm BT agent1) 100 ppm 0 0 57 50 1)Live spore of Bacillus thuringiensis and crystal ...
Uncoupling agents. Issue Date. 2014. Citation. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 2014, v. 77 n. 8, p. 443-445 How to ...
Curcumin pretreatment prevented the injury-induced downregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2),Nrf1 levels. and TFAM which ... More precisely, curcumin can act as a chelating agent (presumably bidentate) for Fe2+ [28], Fe3+ [29, 30], and Cu2+ [14, 31] ( ... As a whole, curcumin acts as a hydrophobic reducing agent and scavenges many reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Figure 2(c)) [14]. ... P. Javvadi, A. T. Segan, S. W. Tuttle, and C. Koumenis, "The chemopreventive agent curcumin is a potent radiosensitizer of ...
The Effect of Uncoupling Agents on Carbon Dioxide Fixation by a Thiobacillus D. P. Kelly and P. J. Syrett ... SUMMARY: An agent which induced acidity and cytopathic effects in HEp-2 tissue cultures was investigated. The agent grew well ... The Intracellular Location of the Agent of Mouse Scrapie G. D. Hunter, G. C. Millson and G. Meek ... Other mycoplasmas were shown to grow in tissue culture; M. gallisepticum induced similar effects to the cytopathic agent but ...
Uncoupling agent. There are some molecules that can block the formation of the ATP. It is for instance the case of the arsenate ... It is an allosteric effect: the activity of the protein is modified by agents that act on a different place of the protein than ... Following a given stimulus, some agents are activated to activate the PLA2 (phospholipase A2). The PLA2 cleaves phospholipids ...
Uncoupling Agents MS = Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP ... Uricosuric Agents MS = Gout suppressants that act directly on the renal tubule to increase the excretion of uric acid, thus ... MS = Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic ... It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone ...
Uncoupling of Natural Gas "Natural-gas futures on Monday finished at the highest level this year, up 1.2% on the day at $3.117 ...
Uncoupling Agents of Oxidative Phosphorylation. Uncoupling agents dissociate ATP synthesis and other ... Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). The anionic form of 2,4-DNP is protonated in the ...
Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Adipogenic, Uncoupling Agents. [+] GLA reduces weight gain in humans following major weight loss ...
The uncoupling agent CCCP was used as a control. Confocal images were captured at × 630 magnification. b, c Mitochondrial ... 4a). The mitochondrial uncoupling agent, CCCP, was used as a positive control. We also monitored TMRE fluorescence by flow ... The mitochondrial uncoupling agent, CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenyl hydrazine) (Sigma) (50 µM) was used as a positive ... We then asked whether the manipulation of the level of GSH by adding the GSH-depleting agent BSO [42] would sensitize the cells ...
The network of providers, education agents and migration agents that have helped create an enor¬mous expansion in student ...
It acts as an uncoupling agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Chlordimeform hydrochloride Trade Information. * Payment Terms ...
... uncoupling agent; antimycin A 1 µg/mL (ANTI), complex III inhibitor; oligomycin 5 µM (OLIGO), ATP synthase inhibitor, and 0.5% ... a mitochondrial uncoupling agent. In addition, a PD-linked mutation of Parkin (ParkinT240R) that inhibits Parkin-dependent ... it abolishes uncoupling of mitochondria by such potent agents as carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and 3,5-di( ... The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) with membrane-active agents, ...
Uncoupling Agents. Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors". ... Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify combinations of candidate latency reversing agents for targeting the latent HIV-1 reservoir ...
... it serves as an uncoupling agent to interfere with ATP synthase. Moreover, DMDS based on the fumigation mode entered the body ... Title: Fascaplysin Derivatives Are Potent Multitarget Agents against Alzheimers Disease: in Vitro and in Vivo Evidence. Pan H ... Based on the above results, TGML may be used as a substitute for traditional antifungal agents in the food industry. ... The present results suggest that drugs targeting either alpha7 or beta2 nAChRs may be useful as antidyskinetic agents in ...
A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies. ... A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. ...
Environmental agents such as BPA is known to uncouple NOS3 and create peroxynitrites. ... Uncoupling the NOS enzyme. As scientific as it sounds, NOS uncoupling is just the failure of the NOS enzyme to do its job. ... Unfortunately, NOS uncoupling and BH4 conversion issues can be a self-perpetuating cycle that results in impaired NO and ... Methylation is a BH4 recycling cofactor and issues can also lead to NOS uncoupling. ...
counteragent~agent. country~city. couple~uncouple. coupling~coordination. coupling~element. covert~overt. CP~CD. CPU~peripheral ... agent~control. agent~counteragent. aggravate~alleviate. aggravate~improve. aggravation~amelioration. aggregation~dispersion. ... control~agent. control~laws. controlled~automatic. controlled~wild. control parameter~coordination variable. control parameter~ ... uncouple~couple. under~over. undressing~dressing. unemployment~employment. uneven~even. unexpected~expected. unfamiliar~ ...
counteragent~agent. country~city. couple~uncouple. coupling~coordination. coupling~element. covert~overt. CP~CD. CPU~peripheral ... agent~control. agent~counteragent. aggravate~alleviate. aggravate~improve. aggravation~amelioration. aggregation~dispersion. ... control~agent. control~laws. controlled~automatic. controlled~wild. control parameter~coordination variable. control parameter~ ... uncouple~couple. under~over. undressing~dressing. unemployment~employment. uneven~even. unexpected~expected. unfamiliar~ ...
... by the uncoupling agent carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, and by unlabelled sugars (D-fructose/D-mannose > ... by the uncoupling agent carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, and by unlabelled sugars (D-fructose/D-mannose , D- ...
synergy between norepinephrine and pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent. Biochem Pharmacol1996;52:693-701.doi:10.1016/ ... D) Fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP4) and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) transcript levels are presented as means±SD from three ... The following TaqMan probes were used: CXCL14, Hs01557413; uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), Hs00222453; fatty acid-binding protein- ... Induction of uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue. ...
The notion of empowerment as initiation, as an uncoupling agent, as a psychedelic catalyst that stuns the habitual mind into an ...
  • The main toxic action is the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, converting all cellular energy in the form of heat and causing extreme hyperthermia. (yourdictionary.com)
  • An uncoupling protein called UCP1 short-circuits the process by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). (equimount.com)
  • Researchers discovered that DNP could increase metabolic rate by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in the ETC, leading to heat production and increased energy expenditure. (hollandclinic.com)
  • The inhibition of background K+ current may be related to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • White phosphorus is toxic and may also cause systemic effects, due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in hepatocytes, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia (from binding of calcium to phosphorus), renal injury, and hyperkalemia (from hypocalcemia or from renal damage). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although short-term treatments did not induce high mitophagy rates, longer term exposures to uncoupling agent and inhibitors of mitochondrial protein import/translation could clearly increase mitophagic flux. (biomed.news)
  • In order to meet this great unmet need, our lab has recently developed a Controlled Release Mitochondrial Protonophore (CRMP) that is functionally liver-targeted and causes increased mitochondrial fat oxidation by promoting a subtle sustained increase in hepatic mitochondrial uncoupling activity. (grantome.com)
  • Collectively, the results of this research will be highly impactful in that they will provide important proof-of-concept and safety data in a highly relevant clinical model of obese dysmetabolic non-human primates to support the development of novel liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupling agents for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH and T2D in humans. (grantome.com)
  • Thus a distinction is made between physiological uncoupling and pathologically defective dyscoupling in mitochondrial respiration. (bioblast.at)
  • If a seller knows that its real estate agent is acting under a common broker with the buyer's agent, the seller may be reluctant to share important information with its agent, due to the fact that the broker may have a duty to disclose that information to the buyer. (aheadofschedulelaw.com)
  • When Ms. Joyner asked if he was working with a buyer's agent, he told her he didn't need one anymore. (zavalaent.com)
  • In the class-action suit, a federal jury in Missouri ruled that the National Association of Realtors and several real estate brokerages had conspired to fix prices by setting a standard where sellers pay the listing agent a commission - almost invariably 5 to 6 percent of the sale price - that is split with the buyer's agent. (zavalaent.com)
  • Dyscoupled respiration is LEAK respiration distinguished from intrinsically (physiologically) uncoupled and from extrinsic experimentally uncoupled respiration as an indication of extrinsic uncoupling (pathological, toxicological, pharmacological by agents that are not specifically applied to induce uncoupling, but are tested for their potential dyscoupling effect). (bioblast.at)
  • An uncoupling protein in cell biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • The uncoupling protein blocks development of a H + electrochemical gradient, thereby stimulating respiration. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Contrary to expectation, the weight of mice deficient in a major uncoupling protein, UCP2, has been found to be normal. (yourdictionary.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) with membrane-active agents, namely carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria and bacterial persisters. (bvsalud.org)
  • One approach has been to focus on the body's natural uncoupling proteins (UCPs), particularly UCP1, which is found in brown adipose tissue (BAT). (hollandclinic.com)
  • Over 500 products have been investigated for neuroprotective effects including those from the categories of free radical scavengers, anti-excitotoxic agents, apoptosis (programmed cell death) inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, neurotrophic factors, metal ion chelators, ion channel modulators, and gene therapy. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • A small group of compounds called uncoupling agents cause unrestrained oxygen uptake in the absence of ADP. (yourdictionary.com)
  • The potential for increased energy expenditure and weight loss through uncoupling has driven research into the development of new, safer compounds that could harness the therapeutic effects of DNP without its associated toxicity. (hollandclinic.com)
  • Radiosensitizers are chemical agents that have the potential to increase the lethal effect of radicals induced during irradiation [1-6].The extent of radiation damage to cells is dependent on the amount of oxygen available to the cell [1,2,7,8]. (who.int)
  • Despite this membrane-proximal effect, TNF selectively uncouples downstream signalling pathways, as is shown by the dramatic suppression of calcium signalling responses, while Ras/ERK activation is spared. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Decoupling (disambiguation) Coupling (disambiguation) Coupler (disambiguation) Couple (disambiguation) Uncoupled, a Netflix romantic comedy series starring Neil Patrick Harris This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Uncoupling. (wikipedia.org)
  • While coupling or uncoupling vehicles. (yourdictionary.com)
  • This did not, however, interfere with him coupling and uncoupling trucks on occasions. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Pharmacologic therapy for osteoporosis includes most commonly the use of antiresorptive agents to decrease bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and the selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene. (medscape.com)
  • A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Overview of Chemical-Warfare Agents Chemical-warfare (CW) agents are chemical mass-casualty weapons (MCWs) developed by governments for wartime use and include Toxic agents (intended to cause serious injury or death) Incapacitating. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Studies reveal that chronic exposure of T cells to TNF uncouples TCR signal transduction pathways by impairing the assembly and stability of the TCR/CD3 complex at the cell surface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify combinations of candidate latency reversing agents for targeting the latent HIV-1 reservoir. (harvard.edu)
  • Military incendiary agents are designed to illuminate the battlefield, to start fires, to create smoke to obscure terrain and personnel, or for combinations of these effects. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We are concerned that such recommendations will result in patients undergoing endovascular treatment without consideration of the effects of specific anesthetic agents and anesthetic dose, and without appropriate critical consideration of the individual patient's issues. (bmj.com)
  • Several new uncoupling agents have shown promise in preclinical studies, demonstrating the potential for increased energy expenditure and weight loss with reduced toxicity. (hollandclinic.com)
  • Dinitrophenol, a chemical compound used in the manufacturing of dyes, wood preservatives, and explosives, emerged as a potential anti-obesity agent in the early 1930s. (hollandclinic.com)
  • It is important for brokers and home builders to be aware of these duties and the potential pitfalls involved in acting as a dual agent. (aheadofschedulelaw.com)
  • A recent ruling has the potential to transform the way Americans buy and sell homes - and many real estate agents are feeling a sense of foreboding. (zavalaent.com)
  • In Horiike , the seller and buyer of a luxury Malibu mansion were represented by separate real estate agents. (aheadofschedulelaw.com)
  • Interviews with real estate agents in markets around the country revealed an industry wrestling with its identity and uncertain about the road ahead. (zavalaent.com)
  • In addition to acute resuscitative and general supportive measures, identification and discontinuation of any offending agents and treatment of known pathology should occur promptly. (medscape.com)
  • The decision, which found the defendants liable for about $1.8 billion in damages, a sum that could grow to more than $5 billion, could ultimately uncouple the listing and buying agents' commissions, so sellers would no longer be obligated to pay the buyer's portion. (zavalaent.com)
  • And many saw the verdict as targeting a profession people love to hate: the superfluous real estate agent who collects a hefty commission for merely opening a door - a reputation agents say is undeserved given the long hours many spend showing properties, the professional expertise they provide and the significant costs they incur. (zavalaent.com)
  • Our data show that lysosomal agents not only release Ca2+ from stores but also uncouple this release from the normal recruitment of Ca2+ influx. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2] The control method according to [1], wherein the insecticidal or acaricidal active ingredient is an active ingredient of an insecticidal or acaricidal agent having an action mechanism classified by the IRAC code. (justia.com)
  • Romosozumab is an uncoupling agent that both stimulates the formation of bone and acts as an antiresorptive. (medscape.com)
  • It acts as an uncoupling agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. (nacchemical.com)
  • The ruling "will reshape the housing market," said Ryan Tomasello, a managing director covering real estate technology at the investment bank Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, affecting "the industry not just from the perspective of the consumer, but from the perspective of real estate brokers and agents. (zavalaent.com)
  • One promising approach to treating obesity involves the manipulation of cellular energy metabolism, specifically targeting the electron transport chain (ETC) and its uncoupling proteins. (hollandclinic.com)
  • Buyers, negotiating rates with their own agents, might pay an hourly fee, hire an agent to handle only part of a transaction, add the fee to their offer, or wrap it into a home mortgage, if lending rules change. (zavalaent.com)
  • Additionally, home builders often utilize in-house sales-agents who represent both the builder and the buyer. (aheadofschedulelaw.com)
  • Treatment with buffering agents for acute lactic acidosis remains controversial. (medscape.com)
  • Although treatment with buffering agents remains controversial, their use should be considered in certain instances with the assistance of appropriate medical consultation. (medscape.com)
  • Bisphosphonates have a high affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals, and by binding at sites of active bone resorption, these agents can inhibit osteoclastic resorption. (medscape.com)