Turbinates
Rhinitis, Atrophic
Nasal Obstruction
Nasal Cavity
Nasal Mucosa
Nasal Septum
Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures
Nasal Polyps
Pasteurella multocida
Nose
Endoscopy
Pasteurella
Rhinitis, Vasomotor
Dermotoxins
Bordetella
Olfactory Mucosa
Ethmoid Bone
Ethmoid Sinus
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
Pneumovirus
Cheirogaleidae
Skull Base
Contributory and exacerbating roles of gaseous ammonia and organic dust in the etiology of atrophic rhinitis. (1/191)
Pigs reared commercially indoors are exposed to air heavily contaminated with particulate and gaseous pollutants. Epidemiological surveys have shown an association between the levels of these pollutants and the severity of lesions associated with the upper respiratory tract disease of swine atrophic rhinitis. This study investigated the role of aerial pollutants in the etiology of atrophic rhinitis induced by Pasteurella multocida. Forty, 1-week-old Large White piglets were weaned and divided into eight groups designated A to H. The groups were housed in Rochester exposure chambers and continuously exposed to the following pollutants: ovalbumin (groups A and B), ammonia (groups C and D), ovalbumin plus ammonia (groups E and F), and unpolluted air (groups G and H). The concentrations of pollutants used were 20 mg m-3 total mass and 5 mg m-3 respirable mass for ovalbumin dust and 50 ppm for ammonia. One week after exposure commenced, the pigs in groups A, C, E, and G were infected with P. multocida type D by intranasal inoculation. After 4 weeks of exposure to pollutants, the pigs were killed and the extent of turbinate atrophy was assessed with a morphometric index (MI). Control pigs kept in clean air and not inoculated with P. multocida (group H) had normal turbinate morphology with a mean MI of 41.12% (standard deviation [SD], +/- 1. 59%). In contrast, exposure to pollutants in the absence of P. multocida (groups B, D, and F) induced mild turbinate atrophy with mean MIs of 49.65% (SD, +/-1.96%), 51.04% (SD, +/-2.06%), and 49.88% (SD, +/-3.51%), respectively. A similar level of atrophy was also evoked by inoculation with P. multocida in the absence of pollutants (group G), giving a mean MI of 50.77% (SD, +/-2.07%). However, when P. multocida inoculation was combined with pollutant exposure (groups A, C, and E) moderate to severe turbinate atrophy occurred with mean MIs of 64.93% (SD, +/-4.64%), 59.18% (SD, +/-2.79%), and 73.30% (SD, +/-3.19%), respectively. The severity of atrophy was greatest in pigs exposed simultaneously to dust and ammonia. At the end of the exposure period, higher numbers of P. multocida bacteria were isolated from the tonsils than from the nasal membrane, per gram of tissue. The severity of turbinate atrophy in inoculated pigs was proportional to the number of P. multocida bacteria isolated from tonsils (r2 = 0.909, P < 0.05) and nasal membrane (r2 = 0.628, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that aerial pollutants contribute to the severity of lesions associated with atrophic rhinitis by facilitating colonization of the pig's upper respiratory tract by P. multocida and also by directly evoking mild atrophy. (+info)Anatomical structure and surface epithelial distribution in the nasal cavity of the common cotton-eared marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). (2/191)
To validate use of the common cotton-eared marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in inhalation toxicity studies, its nasal morphology was examined. The nasal turbinates each consisted of one maxilloturbinate and one ethmoturbinate: these were more planar in structure than the comparable structures of rodents or dogs. The nasal cavity epithelia comprised squamous epithelium (SE), nasal transitional epithelium (NTE), respiratory epithelium (RE) and olfactory epithelium (OE), listed in order of occurrence from anterior to posterior positions. NTE was distributed as a narrow band lying between SE and RE. OE was limited to the dorsal part of the cavity, which was structurally similar to that of the macaque or man. Overall, this study revealed structural the similarity of the whole nasal cavity in the marmoset to that of macaques or humans. Prediction of nasal cavity changes in man based on extrapolation from experimentally induced changes in the common marmoset therefore seems likely to be feasible, making it a useful animal model for inhalation studies. (+info)Chronic inhalation carcinogenicity study of commercial hexane solvent in F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. (3/191)
The carcinogenic and chronic toxicity potential of commercial hexane solvent was evaluated in F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (50/sex/concentration/species) exposed by inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. Target hexane vapor concentrations were 0, 900, 3000, and 9000 ppm. There were no significant differences in survivorship between control and hexane-exposed groups, and clinical observations were generally unremarkable. Small, but statistically significant decreases in body weight gain were seen in rats of both sexes in the mid- and high-exposure groups and in high-expsoure female mice. The only noteworthy histopathological finding in rats was epithelial cell hyperplasia in the nasoturbinates and larynx of exposed groups. This response was judged to be indicative of upper respiratory tract tissue irritation. No significant differences in tumor incidence between control and hexane-exposed rats were found. In mice, uterine tissue from the high-exposure females exhibited a significant decrease in the severity of cystic endometrial hyperplasia compared to controls. An increase in the combined incidence of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas was observed in high-exposure female mice. The incidence of liver tumors was not increased in the mid- or low-exposure female mice or in male mice exposed to hexane. An increased incidence of pituitary adenomas was observed in female, but not male mice. This finding was not believed to have been treatment-related because the incidence in the control group was unusually low, and the incidence in exposed groups was not dose-related and was within the historical control range. No other neoplastic changes judged to be treatment-related were observed in tissues from male or female mice. In conclusion, chronic exposure to commercial hexane solvent at concentrations up to 9000 ppm was not carcinogenic to F-344 rats or to male B6C3F1 mice, but did result in an increased incidence of liver tumors in female mice. (+info)Oxidative stress in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus: a crucial step in the induction of apoptosis. (4/191)
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Both a noncytopathic (ncp) and an antigenically related cytopathic (cp) BVDV can be isolated from persistently infected animals suffering from mucosal disease. In every case studied so far, the genomic changes leading to the cp biotype correlate with the production of the NS3 nonstructural protein, which, in the ncp biotype, is present in its uncleaved form, NS23. This report shows that, in contrast to ncp BVDV, the cp biotype induces apoptosis in cultured embryonic bovine turbinate cells. Early in the process of apoptosis, cells show a rise in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, which is indicative of oxidative stress. This precedes two hallmarks of apoptosis, caspase activation as shown by cleavage of the caspase substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and DNA fragmentation. Cells were protected from apoptosis only by certain antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole and ebselen), whereas others (N-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid and tiron) turned out to be ineffective. Antioxidants that protected cells from apoptosis prevented oxidative stress but failed to block virus growth. These observations suggest that oxidative stress, which occurs early in the interaction between cp BVDV and its host cell, may be a crucial event in the sequence leading to apoptotic cell death. Hence, apoptosis is not required for the multiplication of the cp biotype of BVDV. (+info)Glucocorticosteroids inhibit mRNA expression for eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and monocyte-chemotactic protein-4 in human airway inflammation with eosinophilia. (5/191)
How eosinophils are preferentially recruited to inflammatory sites remains elusive, but increasing evidence suggests that chemokines that bind to the CCR3 participate in this process. In this study, we investigated the transcript levels and chemotactic activity of CCR3-binding chemokines in nasal polyps, a disorder often showing prominent eosinophilia. We found that mRNA expression for eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and monocyte-chemotactic protein-4 was significantly increased in nasal polyps compared with turbinate mucosa from the same patients, or histologically normal nasal mucosa from control subjects. Interestingly, the novel CCR3-specific chemokine, eotaxin-2, showed the highest transcript levels. Consistent with these mRNA data, polyp tissue fluid exhibited strong chemotactic activity for eosinophils that was significantly inhibited by a blocking Ab against CCR3. When patients were treated systemically with glucocorticosteroids, the mRNA levels in the polyps were reduced to that found in turbinate mucosa for all chemokines. Together, these findings suggested an important role for CCR3-binding chemokines in eosinophil recruitment to nasal polyps. Such chemokines, therefore, most likely contribute significantly in the pathogenesis of eosinophil-related disorders; and the reduced chemokine expression observed after steroid treatment might reflect, at least in part, how steroids inhibit tissue accumulation of eosinophils. (+info)Inflammatory and epithelial responses during the development of ozone-induced mucous cell metaplasia in the nasal epithelium of rats. (6/191)
Rats repeatedly exposed to high ambient concentrations of ozone develop mucous cell metaplasia (MCM) in the nasal transitional epithelium (NTE). The present study was designed to determine the temporal relationships of ozone-induced inflammatory and epithelial responses and their correlation with subsequent MCM in the NTE of rats. Male F344/N rats were exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone, 8 h/day for 1, 2, or 3 days. Two h prior to sacrifice, all the rats were injected intraperitoneally with 5'-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label epithelial cells undergoing DNA synthesis. Rats exposed to ozone for 1 or 2 days were killed 2 h after the exposure. Rats exposed to ozone for 3 days were killed 2 h or 1, 2, or 4 days after the exposure. Control rats were killed after a 7-day exposure to filtered air. One nasal passage from the anterior nasal cavity of each rat was fixed and processed for light microscopy to morphometrically determine the numeric densities of epithelial cells, neutrophils, and mucous cells, and the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances in the NTE. The maxilloturbinate from the other nasal passage was processed for analysis of an airway mucin-specific gene (i.e., rMuc-5AC mRNA). Acute ozone exposure induced a rapid increase in rMuc-5AC mRNA levels prior to the onset of MCM, and the increased levels of rMuc-5AC mRNA persisted with MCM. Neutrophilic inflammation coincided with epithelial DNA synthesis and upregulation of rMuc-5AC, but was resolved when MCM first appeared in the NTE. The results of the present study suggest that upregulation of mucin mRNA by acute ozone exposure may be associated with the concurrent neutrophilic inflammation and epithelial hyperplasia in the NTE. Ozone-induced MCM may be dependent on these important pre-metaplastic responses (i.e., mucin mRNA upregulation, neutrophilic inflammation, and epithelial proliferation). (+info)Polyglutamylation and polyglycylation of alpha- and beta-tubulins during in vitro ciliated cell differentiation of human respiratory epithelial cells. (7/191)
Tubulins are the major proteins within centriolar and axonemal structures. In all cell types studied so far, numerous alpha- and beta-tubulin isoforms are generated both by expression of a multigenic family and various post-translational modifications. We have developed a primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells where the ciliated cell differentiation process has been observed and quantified. We have used this system to study several properties concerning polyglutamylation and polyglycylation of tubulin. GT335, a monoclonal antibody directed against glutamylated tubulins, stained the centriole/basal bodies and the axonemes of ciliated cells, and the centrioles of non-ciliated cells. By contrast, axonemal but not centriolar tubulins were polyglycylated. Several polyglutamylated and polyglycylated tubulin isotypes were detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis, using GT335 and a specific monoclonal antibody (TAP952) directed against short polyglycyl chains. Immunoelectron microscopy experiments revealed that polyglycylation only affected axonemal tubulin. Using the same technical approach, polyglutamylation was shown to be an early event in the centriole assembly process, as gold particles were detected in fibrogranular material corresponding to the first cytoplasmic structures involved in centriologenesis. In a functional assay, GT335 and TAP952 had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ciliary beat frequency. TAP952 had only a weak effect while GT335 treatment led to a total arrest of beating. These results strongly suggest that in human ciliated epithelial cells, tubulin polyglycylation has only a structural role in cilia axonemes, while polyglutamylation may have a function both in centriole assembly and in cilia activity. (+info)Analysis of ciliary beat pattern and beat frequency using digital high speed imaging: comparison with the photomultiplier and photodiode methods. (8/191)
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of the power and recovery stroke of respiratory cilia using digital high speed video imaging. Beat frequency measurements made using digital high speed video were also compared with those obtained using the photomultiplier and modified photodiode techniques. METHOD: Ciliated epithelium was obtained by brushing the inferior nasal turbinate of 20 healthy subjects. Ciliated edges were observed by microscopy and the deviation of cilia during their recovery stroke relative to the path travelled during their power stroke was measured. Beat frequency measurements made by digital high speed video analysis were compared with those obtained using the photomultiplier and modified photodiode. RESULTS: Cilia were found to beat with a forward power stroke and a backward recovery stroke within the same plane. The mean angular deviation of the cilia during the recovery stroke from the plane of the forward power stroke was only 3.6 degrees (95% CI 3.1 to 4.1). There was a significant difference in beat frequency measurement between the digital high speed video (13.2 Hz (95% CI 11.8 to 14.6)) and both photomultiplier (12.0 Hz (95% CI 10.8 to 13.1), p = 0.01) and photodiode (11.2 Hz (95% CI 9.9 to 12.5), p<0.001) techniques. The Bland-Altman limits of agreement for the digital high speed video were -2.75 to 5.15 Hz with the photomultiplier and -2.30 to 6.06 Hz with the photodiode. CONCLUSION: Respiratory cilia beat forwards and backwards within the same plane without a classical sideways recovery sweep. Digital high speed video imaging allows both ciliary beat frequency and beat pattern to be evaluated. (+info)In medical terms, turbinates refer to the curled bone shelves that are present inside the nasal passages. They are covered by a mucous membrane and are responsible for warming, humidifying, and filtering the air that we breathe in through our nose. There are three pairs of turbinates in each nasal passage: inferior, middle, and superior turbinates. The inferior turbinate is the largest and most significant contributor to nasal airflow resistance. Inflammation or enlargement of the turbinates can lead to nasal congestion and difficulty breathing through the nose.
Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal passages and sinuses characterized by the atrophy (wasting away) of the nasal mucous membranes. This results in decreased mucus production, crusting, and eventually, shrinkage of the nasal structures. The symptoms may include a stuffy or runny nose, loss of smell, and crusting inside the nose. Atrophic rhinitis can be caused by various factors such as infection, trauma, radiation therapy, or surgery. In some cases, the cause may be unknown. It is often difficult to treat, and treatment typically aims to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.
Nasal obstruction is a medical condition that refers to any blockage or restriction in the normal flow of air through the nasal passages. This can be caused by various factors such as inflammation, swelling, or physical abnormalities in the nasal cavity. Common causes of nasal obstruction include allergies, sinusitis, deviated septum, enlarged turbinates, and nasal polyps. Symptoms may include difficulty breathing through the nose, nasal congestion, and nasal discharge. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
The nasal cavity is the air-filled space located behind the nose, which is divided into two halves by the nasal septum. It is lined with mucous membrane and is responsible for several functions including respiration, filtration, humidification, and olfaction (smell). The nasal cavity serves as an important part of the upper respiratory tract, extending from the nares (nostrils) to the choanae (posterior openings of the nasal cavity that lead into the pharynx). It contains specialized structures such as turbinate bones, which help to warm, humidify and filter incoming air.
Nasal mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity. It is a delicate, moist, and specialized tissue that contains various types of cells including epithelial cells, goblet cells, and glands. The primary function of the nasal mucosa is to warm, humidify, and filter incoming air before it reaches the lungs.
The nasal mucosa produces mucus, which traps dust, allergens, and microorganisms, preventing them from entering the respiratory system. The cilia, tiny hair-like structures on the surface of the epithelial cells, help move the mucus towards the back of the throat, where it can be swallowed or expelled.
The nasal mucosa also contains a rich supply of blood vessels and immune cells that help protect against infections and inflammation. It plays an essential role in the body's defense system by producing antibodies, secreting antimicrobial substances, and initiating local immune responses.
The nasal septum is the thin, flat wall of bone and cartilage that separates the two sides (nostrils) of the nose. Its primary function is to support the structures of the nose, divide the nostrils, and regulate airflow into the nasal passages. The nasal septum should be relatively centered, but it's not uncommon for a deviated septum to occur, where the septum is displaced to one side, which can sometimes cause blockage or breathing difficulties in the more affected nostril.
Nose diseases, also known as rhinologic disorders, refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the nose and its surrounding structures. These may include:
1. Nasal Allergies (Allergic Rhinitis): An inflammation of the inner lining of the nose caused by an allergic reaction to substances such as pollen, dust mites, or mold.
2. Sinusitis: Inflammation or infection of the sinuses, which are air-filled cavities in the skull that surround the nasal cavity.
3. Nasal Polyps: Soft, fleshy growths that develop on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses.
4. Deviated Septum: A condition where the thin wall (septum) between the two nostrils is displaced to one side, causing difficulty breathing through the nose.
5. Rhinitis Medicamentosa: Nasal congestion caused by overuse of decongestant nasal sprays.
6. Nosebleeds (Epistaxis): Bleeding from the nostrils, which can be caused by a variety of factors including dryness, trauma, or underlying medical conditions.
7. Nasal Fractures: Breaks in the bone structure of the nose, often caused by trauma.
8. Tumors: Abnormal growths that can occur in the nasal passages or sinuses. These can be benign or malignant.
9. Choanal Atresia: A congenital condition where the back of the nasal passage is blocked, often by a thin membrane or bony partition.
10. Nasal Valve Collapse: A condition where the side walls of the nose collapse inward during breathing, causing difficulty breathing through the nose.
These are just a few examples of the many diseases that can affect the nose.
Otorhinolaryngologic surgical procedures are surgeries that are performed on the head and neck region, specifically involving the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) regions. This field is also known as otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. The procedures can range from relatively minor ones, such as removing a small nasal polyp or inserting ear tubes, to more complex surgeries like cochlear implantation, endoscopic sinus surgery, or removal of tumors in the head and neck region. These surgical procedures are typically performed by specialized physicians called otorhinolaryngologists (also known as ENT surgeons) who have completed extensive training in this area.
Pasteurella infections are diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Pasteurella, with P. multocida being the most common species responsible for infections in humans. These bacteria are commonly found in the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tracts of animals, particularly domestic pets such as cats and dogs.
Humans can acquire Pasteurella infections through animal bites, scratches, or contact with contaminated animal secretions like saliva. The infection can manifest in various forms, including:
1. Skin and soft tissue infections: These are the most common types of Pasteurella infections, often presenting as cellulitis, abscesses, or wound infections after an animal bite or scratch.
2. Respiratory tract infections: Pasteurella bacteria can cause pneumonia, bronchitis, and other respiratory tract infections, especially in individuals with underlying lung diseases or weakened immune systems.
3. Ocular infections: Pasteurella bacteria can infect the eye, causing conditions like conjunctivitis, keratitis, or endophthalmitis, particularly after an animal scratch to the eye or face.
4. Septicemia: In rare cases, Pasteurella bacteria can enter the bloodstream and cause septicemia, a severe and potentially life-threatening condition.
5. Other infections: Pasteurella bacteria have also been known to cause joint infections (septic arthritis), bone infections (osteomyelitis), and central nervous system infections (meningitis or brain abscesses) in some cases.
Prompt diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial for managing Pasteurella infections, as they can progress rapidly and lead to severe complications, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems.
Nasal polyps are benign (noncancerous) growths that originate from the lining of your nasal passages or sinuses. They most often occur in the area where the sinuses open into the nasal cavity. Small nasal polyps may not cause any problems. But if they grow large enough, they can block your nasal passages and lead to breathing issues, frequent infections and loss of smell.
Nasal polyps are associated with chronic inflammation due to conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis or chronic sinusitis. Treatment typically includes medication to reduce the size of the polyps or surgery to remove them. Even after successful treatment, nasal polyps often return.
"Pasteurella multocida" is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, coccobacillus bacterium that is part of the normal flora in the respiratory tract of many animals, including birds, dogs, and cats. It can cause a variety of infections in humans, such as respiratory infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and bloodstream infections, particularly in individuals who have close contact with animals or animal bites or scratches. The bacterium is named after Louis Pasteur, who developed a vaccine against it in the late 19th century.
A nose, in a medical context, refers to the external part of the human body that is located on the face and serves as the primary organ for the sense of smell. It is composed of bone and cartilage, with a thin layer of skin covering it. The nose also contains nasal passages that are lined with mucous membranes and tiny hairs known as cilia. These structures help to filter, warm, and moisturize the air we breathe in before it reaches our lungs. Additionally, the nose plays an essential role in the process of verbal communication by shaping the sounds we make when we speak.
Bordetella infections are caused by bacteria called Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis, which result in a highly contagious respiratory infection known as whooping cough or pertussis. These bacteria primarily infect the respiratory cilia (tiny hair-like structures lining the upper airways) and produce toxins that cause inflammation and damage to the respiratory tract.
The infection typically starts with cold-like symptoms, including a runny nose, sneezing, and a mild cough. After about one to two weeks, the cough becomes more severe, leading to episodes of intense, uncontrollable coughing fits that can last for several minutes. These fits often end with a high-pitched "whoop" sound as the person gasps for air. Vomiting may occur following the coughing spells.
Bordetella infections can be particularly severe and even life-threatening in infants, young children, and people with weakened immune systems. Complications include pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and, in rare cases, death.
Prevention is primarily through vaccination, which is part of the recommended immunization schedule for children. A booster dose is also recommended for adolescents and adults to maintain immunity. Antibiotics can be used to treat Bordetella infections and help prevent the spread of the bacteria to others. However, antibiotics are most effective when started early in the course of the illness.
Endoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the use of an endoscope, which is a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. The endoscope is inserted through a natural opening in the body, such as the mouth or anus, or through a small incision. The images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the physician to visualize the internal structures and detect any abnormalities, such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. Endoscopy can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as taking tissue samples for biopsy, or for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps or performing minimally invasive surgeries.
Rhinitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the nasal passages, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, congestion, and postnasal drip. It can be caused by various factors, including allergies (such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander), infections (viral or bacterial), environmental irritants (such as smoke or pollution), and hormonal changes. Depending on the cause, rhinitis can be classified as allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, infectious rhinitis, or hormonal rhinitis. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause but may include medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, nasal sprays, and immunotherapy (allergy shots).
"Pasteurella" is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacilli that are part of the family Pasteurellaceae. These bacteria are commonly found as normal flora in the upper respiratory tracts of animals, including cats, dogs, and livestock. They can cause a variety of infections in humans, such as wound infections, pneumonia, and septicemia, often following animal bites or scratches. Two notable species are Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella canis. Proper identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing are essential for appropriate treatment.
Vasomotor rhinitis is a type of non-allergic rhinitis, which is a chronic inflammation of the nasal passages characterized by symptoms similar to those of allergies, such as runny nose, congestion, and sneezing. However, in vasomotor rhinitis, these symptoms are not caused by an allergic reaction but rather by abnormal regulation of blood vessels in the nose.
The blood vessels in the nasal passages can dilate (widen) or constrict (narrow) due to various factors such as changes in temperature, humidity, strong odors, smoke, or even emotional stress. In vasomotor rhinitis, the blood vessels overreact to these triggers, leading to nasal congestion and other symptoms.
The exact cause of vasomotor rhinitis is not fully understood, but it may be related to abnormal nerve function or sensitivity in the nose. Treatment typically involves avoiding triggers and using medications such as decongestants, antihistamines, or nasal sprays containing steroids to manage symptoms.
Dermatotoxins are substances that can cause damage or irritation to the skin. They are typically toxic chemicals or venoms that can produce a range of reactions when they come into contact with the skin, such as redness, swelling, itching, blistering, and necrosis (tissue death).
Dermatotoxins can be found in various sources, including certain plants, animals, and synthetic compounds. For example, some snakes and insects produce venoms that contain dermatotoxic components, while certain chemicals used in industrial processes or agricultural applications can also have dermatotoxic effects.
Exposure to dermatotoxins can occur through various routes, such as direct contact with the skin, inhalation, or ingestion. In some cases, dermatotoxins can cause systemic effects if they are absorbed into the bloodstream through the skin.
If you suspect exposure to a dermatotoxin, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Treatment may include washing the affected area with soap and water, applying topical creams or ointments, and in some cases, administering antivenom or other medications to counteract the toxic effects.
"Bordetella" is a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that are known to cause respiratory infections in humans and animals. The most well-known species within this genus is Bordetella pertussis, which is the primary causative agent of whooping cough (pertussis) in humans.
Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection that is characterized by severe coughing fits, followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound upon inhalation. The bacteria attach to the cilia lining the respiratory tract and release toxins that damage the cilia and cause inflammation, leading to the characteristic symptoms of the disease.
Other species within the Bordetella genus include Bordetella parapertussis, which can also cause a milder form of whooping cough, and Bordetella bronchiseptica, which is associated with respiratory infections in animals but can occasionally infect humans as well.
Prevention of Bordetella infections typically involves vaccination, with vaccines available for both infants and adults to protect against B. pertussis and B. parapertussis. Good hygiene practices, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, can also help prevent the spread of these bacteria.
Swine diseases refer to a wide range of infectious and non-infectious conditions that affect pigs. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors. Some common swine diseases include:
1. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS): a viral disease that causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets and grower pigs.
2. Classical Swine Fever (CSF): also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs of all ages.
3. Porcine Circovirus Disease (PCVD): a group of diseases caused by porcine circoviruses, including Porcine CircoVirus Associated Disease (PCVAD) and Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS).
4. Swine Influenza: a respiratory disease caused by type A influenza viruses that can infect pigs and humans.
5. Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes pneumonia in pigs.
6. Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes severe pneumonia in pigs.
7. Salmonella: a group of bacteria that can cause food poisoning in humans and a variety of diseases in pigs, including septicemia, meningitis, and abortion.
8. Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae: a bacterial disease that causes dysentery in pigs.
9. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae: a bacterial disease that causes erysipelas in pigs.
10. External and internal parasites, such as lice, mites, worms, and flukes, can also cause diseases in swine.
Prevention and control of swine diseases rely on good biosecurity practices, vaccination programs, proper nutrition, and management practices. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring are essential to detect and treat diseases early.
Nose neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms can invade surrounding tissues and have the potential to metastasize.
Nose neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as nasal congestion, nosebleeds, difficulty breathing through the nose, loss of smell, facial pain or numbness, and visual changes if they affect the eye. The diagnosis of nose neoplasms usually involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies (such as CT or MRI scans), and biopsy to determine the type and extent of the growth. Treatment options depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the neoplasm and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Acquired nose deformities refer to structural changes or abnormalities in the shape of the nose that occur after birth, as opposed to congenital deformities which are present at birth. These deformities can result from various factors such as trauma, injury, infection, tumors, or surgical procedures. Depending on the severity and cause of the deformity, it may affect both the aesthetic appearance and functionality of the nose, potentially causing difficulty in breathing, sinus problems, or sleep apnea. Treatment options for acquired nose deformities may include minimally invasive procedures, such as fillers or laser surgery, or more extensive surgical interventions, such as rhinoplasty or septoplasty, to restore both form and function to the nose.
The olfactory mucosa is a specialized mucous membrane that is located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, near the septum and the superior turbinate. It contains the olfactory receptor neurons, which are responsible for the sense of smell. These neurons have hair-like projections called cilia that are covered in a mucus layer, which helps to trap and identify odor molecules present in the air we breathe. The olfactory mucosa also contains supporting cells, blood vessels, and nerve fibers that help to maintain the health and function of the olfactory receptor neurons. Damage to the olfactory mucosa can result in a loss of smell or anosmia.
The ethmoid bone is a paired, thin, and lightweight bone that forms part of the skull's anterior cranial fossa and contributes to the formation of the orbit and nasal cavity. It is located between the frontal bone above and the maxilla and palatine bones below. The ethmoid bone has several important features:
1. Cribriform plate: This is the horizontal, sieve-like portion that forms part of the anterior cranial fossa and serves as the roof of the nasal cavity. It contains small openings (foramina) through which olfactory nerves pass.
2. Perpendicular plate: The perpendicular plate is a vertical structure that projects downward from the cribriform plate, forming part of the nasal septum and separating the left and right nasal cavities.
3. Superior and middle nasal conchae: These are curved bony projections within the lateral walls of the nasal cavity that help to warm, humidify, and filter incoming air.
4. Lacrimal bone: The ethmoid bone articulates with the lacrimal bone, forming part of the medial wall of the orbit.
5. Frontal process: This is a thin, vertical plate that articulates with the frontal bone above the orbit.
6. Sphenoidal process: The sphenoidal process connects the ethmoid bone to the sphenoid bone posteriorly.
The ethmoid bone plays a crucial role in protecting the brain and providing structural support for the eyes, as well as facilitating respiration by warming, humidifying, and filtering incoming air.
The ethmoid sinuses are a pair of air-filled spaces located in the ethmoid bone, which is a part of the skull that forms the upper portion of the nasal cavity and the inner eye socket. These sinuses are divided into anterior and posterior groups and are present in adults, but not at birth. They continue to grow and develop until early adulthood.
The ethmoid sinuses are lined with mucous membrane, which helps to warm, humidify, and filter the air we breathe. They are surrounded by a network of blood vessels and nerves, making them susceptible to inflammation and infection. Inflammation of the ethmoid sinuses can lead to conditions such as sinusitis, which can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, headache, and facial pain.
Allergic rhinitis, perennial type, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the nasal passages caused by an allergic response to environmental allergens that are present throughout the year. Unlike seasonal allergic rhinitis, which is triggered by specific pollens or molds during certain times of the year, perennial allergic rhinitis is a persistent condition that occurs year-round.
Common allergens responsible for perennial allergic rhinitis include dust mites, cockroaches, pet dander, and indoor mold spores. Symptoms may include sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itchy eyes, ears, throat, or roof of the mouth. Treatment options typically involve avoiding exposure to the offending allergens, if possible, as well as medications such as antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, and leukotriene receptor antagonists to manage symptoms. Immunotherapy (allergy shots) may also be recommended for long-term management in some cases.
Nasal surgical procedures, also known as nasal surgery or rhinoplasty, refer to various surgical operations performed on the nose. These procedures can be either functional (to improve breathing) or cosmetic (to change the appearance of the nose). Some common nasal surgical procedures include:
1. Septoplasty: a surgical procedure to correct a deviated septum, which is the partition between the two nostrils. This procedure helps to improve airflow through the nose and alleviate breathing difficulties.
2. Turbinate reduction: a procedure that reduces the size of the turbinates (structures inside the nasal passages that help warm, humidify, and filter the air we breathe) to improve nasal breathing.
3. Rhinoplasty: a cosmetic procedure that reshapes or resizes the nose to achieve a more desirable appearance. This can involve changing the shape of the cartilage, bone, or soft tissue in the nose.
4. Nasal polyp removal: a procedure to remove nasal polyps, which are non-cancerous growths that can obstruct the nasal passages and cause breathing difficulties.
5. Sinus surgery: a procedure to open up blocked sinuses and improve drainage. This can be done through various techniques, including endoscopic sinus surgery, balloon sinuplasty, or traditional sinus surgery.
6. Nose reconstruction: a procedure to repair or reconstruct the nose after trauma, cancer, or other medical conditions that have caused damage to the nose.
These are just a few examples of nasal surgical procedures. The specific type of procedure will depend on the individual patient's needs and goals.
Pneumovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Pneumoviridae, order Mononegavirales. It includes several species that can cause respiratory infections in humans and animals. The most well-known species that infect humans is Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV), which is a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Other human pneumoviruses include Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) and Avian Metapneumovirus subtype C (AMPV-C). These viruses can cause similar respiratory symptoms, ranging from mild to severe.
Pneumoviruses are enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells. They have a nonsegmented genome and encode several structural proteins, including an attachment protein, fusion protein, matrix protein, and nucleocapsid protein. The virions are typically pleomorphic, with a diameter of 150-250 nm.
Transmission of pneumoviruses occurs through respiratory droplets or direct contact with contaminated surfaces. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, such as hand washing and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. There are currently no vaccines available for human pneumoviruses, but several candidates are in development. Treatment is primarily supportive and may include oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and antiviral medications in severe cases.
Cheirogaleidae is a family of small primates also known as dwarf lemurs or mouse lemurs. They are native to Madagascar and are characterized by their rodent-like appearance and nocturnal behavior. This family includes several genera and species, such as Cheirogaleus, Microcebus, Mirza, and Allocebus. These primates are known for their ability to adapt to various environments, from forests to dry regions, and have a varied diet that includes fruits, insects, and small vertebrates. They are also known for their unique hibernation behavior during the dry season, where they lower their metabolic rate and body temperature to conserve energy.
The skull base is the lower part of the skull that forms the floor of the cranial cavity and the roof of the facial skeleton. It is a complex anatomical region composed of several bones, including the frontal, sphenoid, temporal, occipital, and ethmoid bones. The skull base supports the brain and contains openings for blood vessels and nerves that travel between the brain and the face or neck. The skull base can be divided into three regions: the anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, and posterior cranial fossa, which house different parts of the brain.
Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located within the skull near the nose. The inflammation can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, as well as allergies, structural issues, or autoimmune disorders.
In sinusitis, the mucous membranes lining the sinuses become swollen and may produce excess mucus, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, thick green or yellow nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, reduced sense of smell, cough, fatigue, and fever.
Sinusitis can be classified into acute (lasting less than 4 weeks), subacute (lasting 4-12 weeks), chronic (lasting more than 12 weeks), or recurrent (multiple episodes within a year). Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms, and may include antibiotics, nasal corticosteroids, decongestants, saline irrigation, and in some cases, surgery.
Stenothyridae
Choristodera
Champsosaurus
Nonallergic rhinitis
Littoraria pintado
Evolution of mammals
Saichania
Nasal concha
Separatista
Margarella pruinosa
Nocturnal bottleneck
Nasal cavity
Leptocollonia thielei
Turris perkinsiana
Gibbula hisseyiana
Cinnamomum mercadoi
Ethmoid sinus
Sukashitrochus morleti
Common raven physiology
Aesculus turbinata
Liotina crenata
Calliostoma turbinum
Monilea chiliarches
Eulithidium rubrilineatum
Glossary of gastropod terms
Pyrgocythara scammoni
Turris inconstans
Giovanni Domenico Santorini
Nasal surgery
Liotia
Turbinate surgery: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Turbinate Dysfunction: Practice Essentials, Problem, Epidemiology
Radiofrequency Turbinate Reduction: Overview, Indications, Contraindications
PRIME PubMed | Pneumatisation of turbinates and paranasal sinuses in children: case report
Clinical Outcomes for Medtronic's Inferior Turbinate Blade and Powered Inferior Turbinoplasty
RF turbinates
How to treat nasal blockage post septoplasty/turbinate reduction?
Seiler Turbinate Scissors 6 1/4' - 41-1165 - Each - Surgical Instruments - Nasal - Plastic Surgery
Turbinate Reduction Surgery | Florida Medical Clinic
Turbinate Coblation Procedure,
The accuracy of healthcare worker versus self collected (2-in-1) Oropharyngeal and Bilateral Mid-Turbinate (OPMT) swabs and...
Effects Of Fluid And Computed Tomographic Technical Factors On Conspicuity Of Canine And Feline Nasal Turbinates | Advanced...
turbinate
Enlarged Turbinates | Turbinate Hypertrophy | North Dallas ENT
Searching for "turbinates" - Nucleus Medical Art Library
Turbinate Reduction | Reddy Sinus
Turbinate Reduction | Dubuque ENT
Turbinate Surgery - Marissa Lafer, MD
Nasal Turbinates And Turbinate Reduction Video | Sheba Orthopedics
Is surgery necessary for enlarged turbinates? - Kira Specialist
Current practice in septal surgery and adjunctive turbinate reduction: a multi-site experience in 226 consecutive cases<...
Turbinate Reduction | Eastern Oklahoma ENT
Turbinate Reduction | Blue Ridge ENT
Bilateral Submucosal Resection of Turbinates - Central Park Surgery Center
Internal Valve Stenosis Rhinoplasty: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Epidemiology
Op. Dr. Koray Cengiz / Turbinate Reduction
Turbinate resection
Turbinate Reduction - Edmund Fisher Plastic Surgery
Nasal Mid-Turbinate Specimen Collection | OneLab REACH
Hypertrophy19
- Mucosal hypertrophy of the right inferior turbinate with total airway obstruction. (medscape.com)
- Surgical therapy is reserved for symptomatic patients with persistent hypertrophy of the turbinates who are not responding to medical management or in whom medical management is contraindicated. (medscape.com)
- If bony hypertrophy is present, then some form of resection is necessary, either by way of an actual trimming of the bone and mucosa or through submucosal resection of the turbinate bone. (medscape.com)
- The key to successful management is to identify the underlying cause of the turbinate hypertrophy and either correct or treat the cause. (medscape.com)
- A study by Clark et al of 1906 patients from different US regions with sinonasal complaints found the prevalences of nasal valve collapse, septal deviation, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy were 67%, 76%, and 72%, respectively. (medscape.com)
- The most common cause of nasal obstruction is mucosal hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate, followed by structural deformity of the nasal airway (septal deviation, bony inferior turbinate hypertrophy). (medscape.com)
- some studies suggest advantages to microdebrider turbinoplasty as an alternative for surgical treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy. (medscape.com)
- Enlarged turbinates or turbinate hypertrophy is a condition that occurs as the result of chronic inflammation of the mucosal membranes that cover the turbinates. (northdallasent.com)
- How is Turbinate Hypertrophy Diagnosed? (northdallasent.com)
- A common cause of nasal obstruction and congestion is inferior turbinate hypertrophy . (reddysinus.com)
- In addition, turbinate hypertrophy due to severe deviation of the nasal septum is only effectively treated by surgery. (kiraspecialist.com)
- It is safe and effective in children with chronic obstructive turbinate hypertrophy and chronic rhinorrhea. (facebyfisher.com)
- Some symptoms of turbinate hypertrophy include breathing difficulty and snoring because the swelling of the turbinate closes off airflow to the nose. (bergerhenryent.com)
- Turbinate hypertrophy is associated with nosebleeds, chronic sinus infections and chronic sinusitis , each of which can be caused by a deviated septum . (bergerhenryent.com)
- Turbinate hypertrophy surgery (turbinoplasty) - turbinate hypertrophy surgery is also referred to as a turbinoplasty. (bergerhenryent.com)
- If you suffer from symptoms of turbinate hypertrophy - nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, chronic nosebleeds, chronic sinus infections - call (610) 279-7878 to schedule an appointment or click here to Request an Appointment . (bergerhenryent.com)
- Prior to him explaining how this inflammation response is mediated, I did not truly understand the impact Turbinate hypertrophy has on getting adequate circulation through the nasal passage. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- When your turbinates become swollen - a condition known as turbinate hypertrophy - you might experience congestion , headaches , trouble sleeping, and other frustrating symptoms. (advancedentdenver.com)
- At-home treatments are the first line of defense against turbinate hypertrophy. (advancedentdenver.com)
Middle Turbinate7
- The middle turbinate is sometimes enlarged and can block the sinuses on that side of the nose. (njfaces.com)
- Most sinuses drain into the nose underneath the middle turbinate. (njfaces.com)
- Khatri H, Salati H, Inthavong K, Singh N . Modelling the effects of post-FESS middle turbinate synechiae on sinonasal physiology: A computational fluid dynamics study. (ents.com.au)
- On each side of your nose, there are three small, bony structures called turbinates: the superior turbinate, the middle turbinate, and the inferior turbinate. (advancedentdenver.com)
- The middle turbinate has been detached superiorly. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
- The vascular pedicle of the middle turbinate is identified. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
- The superior turbinate lies above and medial to the middle turbinate, and the sphenoid ostium is located medial to the superior turbinate in the sphenoethmoidal recess. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Resection7
- When these treatment options fail, surgical options such as corticosteroid injections, cryosurgery, electrocautery ablation, turbinate out-fracture, microdebrider-assisted inferior turbinoplasty (MAIT), submucous resection, and partial turbinate resection may be considered. (medscape.com)
- Microdebrider submucosal resection - The surgeon creates a small hole in the turbinate and removes tissue below the surface through that opening, leaving the outer lining intact. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- Turbinate Resection. (dubuqueent.com)
- Submucous resection aims to preserve the mucosa of the turbinate in order to reduce side effects. (dubuqueent.com)
- Submucosal resection of turbinates is a procedure to treat enlarged turbinates inside the nose. (centralparkasc.net)
- In the submucosal resection, the lining of the turbinate is left as it is, but the surgeon will take out some of the inside of the turbinate. (centralparkasc.net)
- Turbinate resection or the operation of nasal conchae could be considered if there is difficulty in breathing, nasal congestion, loss of the sense of smell, chronic rhinitis. (christinasclinic.ee)
Nose35
- A tool is placed in the nose to change the position of the turbinate. (medlineplus.gov)
- Because the turbinates have a very rich blood supply and are governed by the parasympathetic nervous system, anything that affects either of these 2 systems affects the turbinates and, hence, the nose. (medscape.com)
- Turbinates are structures on the side walls of the nose with vascular tissue inside and mucus membrane covering. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- Many patients with enlarged turbinates will experience difficulty breathing through the nose while lying down. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- The turbinate in a bumpy sructure found on he inside the nose that swells when the subject is in contact with allergens causing histamine. (age-well.org)
- The turbinates are made of bone and soft tissue and are located inside the nose near the septum. (northdallasent.com)
- Usually, there is space between the septum and turbinates to allow air to pass through the nose. (northdallasent.com)
- The turbinates help to warm and moisturize that air as it flows through your nose. (northdallasent.com)
- By reducing the size of turbinates, there is more room for airflow through the nose. (reddysinus.com)
- By reducing the size of the inferior turbinate there is more room in the nose for airflow and allows you to breathe easily. (reddysinus.com)
- The turbinates are the parts of the nose that warm and humidify the air that you breathe in. (centralparkasc.net)
- Inferior Turbinates are two structures inside the nose-one in each nostril-that serve to warm, humidify, and filter air as it flows through the nose. (centralparkasc.net)
- Turbinates are small structures inside the nose that cleanse and humidify air that passes through the nostrils into the lungs. (koraycengiz.com)
- Radiofrequency turbinate reduction is a procedure in which a needle-like instrument is inserted into the turbinate and energy is transmitted to the tissue to cause a controlled damage, so by the time healing process occurs, the turbinates will be reduced, allowing improved airflow through the nose. (koraycengiz.com)
- The turbinates are finger like structures that line the sides of the nose. (njfaces.com)
- The most substantial pair, referred to as the inferior turbinates, are larger than the other pairs because they bear the majority of the task of air filtration when you breathe through your nose. (centreforsurgery.com)
- These turbinates are encapsulated in a skin that secretes mucus, which assists in heating and humidifying the air as it journeys through the nose. (centreforsurgery.com)
- However, there can be instances where the turbinates enlarge to a degree that obstructs the free flow of air through your nose. (centreforsurgery.com)
- During my last meeting with my ear nose and throat doctor I asked if the main cause of my mouth breathing was my deviated septum, or the inflammation of my turbinates. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- Turbinates in the nose are responsible for warming and moistening the air we breathe. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- The turbinates are also inside the nose near the septum. (ctsinuscenter.com)
- The turbinates are made of bone and soft tissue, and they help to warm and moisturize air as it flows through your nose. (ctsinuscenter.com)
- The picture below shows the nasal septum and the inferior turbinate on the left side of the nose. (ctsinuscenter.com)
- The swelling and congestion of the inferior turbinate can make breathing difficult through the nose, leading to discomfort and disrupted sleep. (atkinssinus.com)
- The surgeon inserts a device through the nose into the turbinate that shrinks the turbinate and creates scar tissue using heat. (surgicalsolutionsnetwork.ca)
- Does turbinate reduction change the shape of the nose? (surgicalsolutionsnetwork.ca)
- My ear nose and throat (ENT) doctor outlined how septal deviation and inflammation of turbinates compounds inhibition of nasal circulation. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- We speculate that by resolving my inflamed turbinates, I could likely comfortably breathe through my nose without significant difficulty, and perhaps even start using a nasal mask with my CPAP machine rather than my full face mask that I've been using for seven years now. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- Under local anesthetic they stick needles into the turbinates on the side of the nose and freeze them up. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- Using heat, the turbinates are shrunk down, and then they are pushed away from the middle part of the nose, thereby creating more room for breathing. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- Empty nose syndrome can occur when part or all of the turbinate structures attached to the wall of the nose are removed during surgery. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- The doctor assured me that removing turbinates is no longer a practice used today, unlike the way things were done previously, so empty nose syndrome after either procedure would be impossible with todays technology. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- Nasal turbinates are long, narrow structures in your nose that humidify, clean, and warm the air you breathe before it reaches your lungs. (advancedentdenver.com)
- it involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a tiny camera into your nose, then illuminating your nasal passages to see if your turbinates are swollen. (advancedentdenver.com)
- The lateral wall of the nose has 3 turbinates. (msdmanuals.com)
Procedure26
- [ 4 , 5 ] Radiofrequency turbinate reduction differs fundamentally from traditional methods by using low-power radiofrequency energy to provide a relatively quick and painless procedure for tissue coagulation. (medscape.com)
- Turbinate reduction surgery can be performed as an outpatient procedure in the surgeon's office. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- Most patients do not experience pain with the subsequent injection of anesthetic into the turbinates or during the procedure itself. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- Many individuals undergoing turbinate reduction surgery experience slight discomfort for a few days after the procedure and some minor bleeding which usually resolves within 24 hours. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- Like any surgical procedure, turbinate reduction surgery has the potential to cause certain complications. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- Craig Schwimmer, Medical Director of the Snoring Center, in Dallas, Texas and head and neck surgeon Dr. Benzion Goldwyn perform a turbinate coblation procedure on Jillian that promises to eliminate her sinus problems Turbinate Coblation can alleviate allergy symptoms for years and prevent snoring due to nasal obstruction. (age-well.org)
- During this procedure, a small probe is placed in the submucosal area of the turbinate (between the inner turbinate bone and the outer mucosal lining) and low-power radiofrequency energy is applied to decrease tissue volume. (northdallasent.com)
- For the SMR procedure, a small incision is made in the front part (head) of the inferior turbinate. (northdallasent.com)
- During an "out-fracture" procedure, the inferior turbinate Conchal bone is firmly moved or "out-fractured" from its normal midline position to a more lateral position along the nasal sidewalls. (northdallasent.com)
- Either total or partial, this procedure involves removing all or part of the inferior turbinate while widening the nasal airway. (dubuqueent.com)
- This procedure is similar to laser surgery, but relies on the application of extreme cold to destroy the turbinate through freezing. (dubuqueent.com)
- There is a slight chance that the turbinates can get bigger again overtime, making another Radiofrequency procedure necessary. (koraycengiz.com)
- This procedure can be partial or complete and primarily targets the removal of the inferior turbinate. (centreforsurgery.com)
- In contrast, Turbinoplasty is a slightly less invasive procedure where the size of the turbinates is reduced rather than completely removed. (centreforsurgery.com)
- My ENT detailed how a turbinate reduction procedure would shrink my enlarged turbinates, and likely significantly alleviate my airway inhibition on my right side, but perhaps less significantly on my left side as that is the side my deviated septum is bent towards. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- This procedure is effective in reducing congestion while maintaining the warming and humidification function of the turbinates. (ctsinuscenter.com)
- Inferior turbinate reduction surgery is a common procedure performed to address issues related to nasal congestion and difficulty breathing. (atkinssinus.com)
- Inferior turbinate reduction surgery, also known as turbinate coblation or submucosal cautery, is a minimally invasive procedure that aims to reduce the size of the inferior turbinate. (atkinssinus.com)
- During the procedure, a small incision is made in the nasal passage, and the surgeon carefully removes or reshapes the excess tissue of the inferior turbinate. (atkinssinus.com)
- By addressing the underlying cause of the problem and reducing the size of the turbinate, this procedure can provide long-lasting relief and improve nasal function. (atkinssinus.com)
- Turbinoplasty, or turbinate reduction surgery, is a minimally invasive procedure that reduces enlarged turbinates to allow free breathing. (surgicalsolutionsnetwork.ca)
- Turbinate reduction is a less involving procedure with a lower risk profile and significantly lower recovery time. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- To achieve full nasal congestion relief, this would be the ideal procedure, however, the downtime and involvement of this procedure seemed to outweigh the potential benefit in my case as my inflamed turbinates seem to be the major contributing factor to my congestion, with only a relatively minor amount of airway inhibition occurring in my left nostril as a direct result of my deviated septum. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- It is a surgical procedure of reshaping, reducing, straightening, and trimming the deviated septum along with enlarged turbinates. (royalclinicsaudia.com)
- Thankfully, our team at Advanced ENT specializes in turbinate reduction surgery , a minimally invasive procedure that's designed to give you long-term relief. (advancedentdenver.com)
- Though it might sound complicated, a turbinate reduction procedure is actually fairly straightforward. (advancedentdenver.com)
Septoplasty and turbinate reduction2
- I had a septoplasty and turbinate reduction surgery, but i still get alternate nostril block entire day and night and the intensity of blockage keeps varying. (healthtap.com)
- If your symptoms are severe despite septoplasty and turbinate reduction surgery , you should be re-evaluated by your surgeon. (healthtap.com)
Airflow12
- Allergies or other nasal problems can cause the turbinates to swell and block airflow. (medlineplus.gov)
- The goal of inferior turbinate surgery is to reduce the size of the turbinate without compromising the turbinate's ability to facilitate mucociliary clearance, air humidification, or maintenance of laminar airflow. (medscape.com)
- Turbinate reduction surgery involves removing excess tissue to decrease the size of the turbinates with the goal of minimizing nasal blockage, opening the nasal airways, and improving airflow. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- There are three turbinates in each nostril (inferior, middle and superior), but it is the inferior turbinates that most commonly affect airflow. (northdallasent.com)
- Inferior turbinate surgery is typically performed to improve nasal airflow and reduce nasal blockage and congestion. (ctsinuscenter.com)
- The pictures below demonstrate how the inferior turbinates can block airflow when they are enlarged and touch the nasal septum. (ctsinuscenter.com)
- When the inferior turbinate becomes enlarged or inflamed, it can obstruct airflow and cause nasal congestion. (atkinssinus.com)
- By decreasing the size of the inferior turbinate, nasal airflow is improved, and breathing becomes easier. (atkinssinus.com)
- One of the primary benefits of inferior turbinate reduction surgery is improved nasal airflow. (atkinssinus.com)
- Snoring can be a result of restricted airflow through the nasal passages, and by addressing the issue of enlarged inferior turbinates, patients may find relief from this disruptive and often bothersome nighttime habit. (atkinssinus.com)
- During turbinate reduction surgery, a specialist will remove tissue from your nasal turbinates, then reposition them for better airflow. (advancedentdenver.com)
- We reposition the turbinate to allow for better airflow between the nasal septum and the turbinate. (advancedentdenver.com)
Superior turbinate1
- The sphenoid sinus ostium is located on the anterosuperior surface of the sphenoid face, usually medial to the superior turbinate. (medscape.com)
Symptoms7
- Symptoms of turbinate dysfunction range from total nasal obstruction to mild congestion and/or rhinorrhea. (medscape.com)
- Doctors generally recommend that patients experiencing chronic nasal blockage related to turbinate swelling first attempt to relieve their symptoms using conservative methods before turning to surgery. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- What are the Symptoms of Enlarged Turbinates? (northdallasent.com)
- Learn about the symptoms of and treatments for enlarged turbinates. (bergerhenryent.com)
- The goal of both procedures is to alleviate symptoms caused by the enlarged turbinates, such as nasal congestion, snoring, or breathing difficulties. (centreforsurgery.com)
- Nasal discharge and post-nasal drip are common symptoms associated with enlarged inferior turbinates. (atkinssinus.com)
- The turbinates work together to promote a healthy breathing cycle - so, if any of your turbinates swell up, it could give rise to a handful of irritating symptoms. (advancedentdenver.com)
Controlling the size of the turbinate1
- The inferior turbinate also contains blood vessels that can expand or contract, regulating the amount of blood flow and controlling the size of the turbinate. (atkinssinus.com)
Common cause of nasal obstruction1
- Hypertrophied (enlarged) inferior turbinates are another common cause of nasal obstruction. (lafermd.com)
Structures3
- Turbinates, also known as nasal conchae, are intricate bony structures that adorn the interior portion of your nasal cavity. (centreforsurgery.com)
- The nasal passage consists of several structures, including the inferior turbinate. (atkinssinus.com)
- Turbinates are delicate bony structures in the nasal airway that are covered in soft tissue. (surgicalsolutionsnetwork.ca)
Size of the inferior3
- [ 6 ] Duran used blinded reviews of pre and posttreatment CT scans to quantify reduction after RFA and found greater than 25% reduction in size of the inferior turbinates after treatment. (medscape.com)
- A number of surgical procedures are effective in reducing the size of the inferior turbinate, clearing up the airway to eliminate any associated breathing or sinus problems. (dubuqueent.com)
- By reducing the size of the inferior turbinate, the obstruction is effectively addressed, allowing for better breathing and increased oxygen intake. (atkinssinus.com)
Mucosa4
- Nasal decongestants, in topical or oral form, are some of the most effective drugs available for reducing congestion of the turbinate mucosa. (medscape.com)
- Any medication a patient takes that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system can also affect the turbinate mucosa and cause congestion. (medscape.com)
- Both are effective in minimizing the swelling of the turbinate mucosa and in diminishing the congested lining. (northdallasent.com)
- We make a small incision in the mucosa that lines the enlarged turbinate. (advancedentdenver.com)
Turbinoplasty2
- In the first three-year study directly comparing long-term efficacy of the two turbinoplasty techniques, patients treated with Medtronic's Straightshot ® Microdebriders and Inferior Turbinate Blade experienced significantly better long-term outcomes than those who received treatment with Coblation ® radiofrequency. (medtronic.com)
- Surgical Solutions Network offers turbinoplasty, often called turbinate reduction surgery. (surgicalsolutionsnetwork.ca)
Nostril1
- So, it's rather common for doctor's to encounter patients with two blocked nasal passages where one nostril will have the deviated septum and the other nostril will have the enlarged turbinate. (bergerhenryent.com)
Congestion7
- Nasal congestion is the most common symptom associated with turbinate dysfunction. (medscape.com)
- Inflammation and swelling of the turbinates can also lead to excess mucus production, which can cause congestion . (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- For most patients, the soft tissue part of the turbinates is the major problem, where the turbinates become enlarged leading to nasal congestion, blockage, and obstruction. (northdallasent.com)
- When other components contribute to nasal congestion, such as a deviated septum, sinus polyps, enlarged adenoids, or a sinus blockage, these components can be addressed at the same time as turbinate surgery Your doctor will discuss such options with you when developing your treatment plan. (northdallasent.com)
- However, an overgrown inferior turbinate can lead to chronic nasal congestion , difficulty breathing, and disrupted sleep. (atkinssinus.com)
- In conclusion, inferior turbinate reduction surgery is a valuable option for individuals suffering from chronic nasal congestion and difficulty breathing. (atkinssinus.com)
- When prolonged nasal congestion isn't related to illness or allergies, enlarged turbinates could be the cause. (surgicalsolutionsnetwork.ca)
Inflammation5
- Eosinophilic infiltration of the mucosal membranes leads to suspicion of allergic causes for turbinate inflammation. (medscape.com)
- I had almost gone through with deviated septum surgery in the past, but now I'm glad I hadn't, as I truly believe turbinate inflammation is the major cause of my issue. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- By reducing the inflammation in my turbinates, I believe I would be able to Mew much more comfortably, and perhaps even start to incorporate mouth tape into my sleeping routine. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- I have extreme obstructive sleep apnea, so mouth tape is probably too dangerous for me to use right now until I address my turbinate inflammation. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- However, knowing how to go about addressing turbinate inflammation (and being aware of its existence in the first place) now potentially opens up a whole new way for me to not only circumvent my circulation issues, but to allow me to maintain proper tongue posture 24/7, and maybe even get rid of my sleep apnea down the line. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
Airway1
- A turbinate reduction involves reducing the size of these bones to help open up your airway. (healthline.com)
Tissue11
- Laser light or radiofrequency energy goes through this tube and shrinks the turbinate tissue. (medlineplus.gov)
- Radiofrequency turbinate reduction (RFTR) is a minimally invasive surgical option that can reduce tissue volume in a precise, targeted manner. (medscape.com)
- This technique uses electrical currents in the range of radiofrequency waves to produce heat around the electrode, thereby creating lesions within the submucosal tissue of the turbinate. (medscape.com)
- Atef A, Mosleh M, El Bosraty H, El Fatah GA, Fathi A. Bipolar radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction of inferior turbinate: Does the number of treatment sessions influence the final outcome? (medtronic.com)
- Radiofrequency turbinate reduction - The surgeon uses a probe to transmit heat energy to the turbinate (a process known as "radiofrequency ablation"), and the resulting formation of scar tissue helps reduce the size of the turbinate tissues. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- The micro-debrider uses suction to pull in the engorged submucosal tissue of the inferior turbinate, and the rotating blades cut it down or reduce it. (northdallasent.com)
- This allows some hydrodissection of the turbinate tissue from the turbinate bone and the added submucosal fluid protects against cautery bony necrosis (if the patient has a history of cardiac problems, plain two percent xylocaine is used). (facebyfisher.com)
- The needles are placed in the inferior one-half of the inferior turbinate approximately 2 mm into the turbinate tissue and a test dose of current is given to be sure the machine is working properly and that current is being delivered properly. (facebyfisher.com)
- The surgery involves using advanced techniques such as radiofrequency energy or coblation technology to shrink the turbinate tissue. (atkinssinus.com)
- What affects the final cost of Radiofrequency Tissue Reduction of Turbinates? (mozocare.com)
- Though the tissue around your turbinates can regrow, it normally takes many years. (advancedentdenver.com)
Coblation2
- Additionally, Atef et al 2 studied 102 patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, hypertrophied inferior turbinates, and nasal obstruction who underwent Coblation treatment. (medtronic.com)
- Berger G, Ophir D, Pitaro K, Landsberg R. Histopathological changes after Coblation® inferior turbinate reduction. (medtronic.com)
Bipolar Turbinate Probe1
- The Dennis Bipolar Turbinate Probe for Turbinate Surgery was designed to perform bipolar submucosal coagulation of the inferior one-half of the inferior turbinate longitudinally. (facebyfisher.com)
Pairs of turbinates2
- There are three pairs of turbinates within the nasal cavity. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- The human body contains three pairs of turbinates - long, curled nasal bones that warm and humidify inhaled air and regulate breathing through the nasal passages. (dubuqueent.com)
Candidate for turbinate2
- If you're living with chronic nasal blockage, you may be a candidate for turbinate reduction surgery. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- The history and physical exam findings can help determine if you're a candidate for turbinate surgery. (lafermd.com)
Shrink5
- When enlarged inferior turbinates are determined to be a significant causative factor of nasal obstruction, turbinate reduction procedures may be recommended to shrink the size of the turbinates and improve breathing. (northdallasent.com)
- Inferior turbinates can become inflamed or even shrink when you have a sinus infection or allergies , or if there is an environmental temperature swing. (bergerhenryent.com)
- A turbinate reduction is the preferred surgical treatment to shrink the size of the turbinates and improve breathing. (ctsinuscenter.com)
- There are several ways to shrink the size of the turbinates. (ctsinuscenter.com)
- Deviated septum surgery would be a far more involving process, whereby they would not only shrink down the turbinates, but forcefully move my septum back into alignment. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
Septal3
- Normal-sized right inferior turbinate with a moderate inferior septal deflection. (medscape.com)
- Septal and turbinate surgeries are often performed concurrently for nasal obstruction, yet the causative pathology for each structure becoming symptomatic can usually be attributed to structural deformity and mucosal problems respectively. (uea.ac.uk)
- As my nasal passage is relatively open on one side or the other throughout the day and seems to switch back and forth every few hours, inflamed turbinates seems to be the more likely root of my issue, with septal deviation contributing to my issue, but not comprising the majority of it. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
Becomes inflamed1
- When the nasal septum protrudes to one side, interestingly, the inferior turbinate that becomes inflamed is on the opposite side. (bergerhenryent.com)
Radiofrequency ablation2
- There have been multiple studies completed analyzing the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) turbinate reduction. (medscape.com)
- Dr. Reddy is experienced in Radiofrequency Ablation Turbinate Reduction as well as Microdebrider Turbinate Reduction. (reddysinus.com)
Swab2
- This infographic is a resource/tool to improve nasal mid-turbinate swab specimen collection for SARS-CoV-2 testing. (cdc.gov)
- In certain situations, it may be acceptable for patients to collect their own nasal or mid-turbinate swab or saliva (1-5 mL), as long as they are given a clear, step-by-step protocol of the process. (medscape.com)
Surgery turbinate1
- Radiofrequency surgery turbinate. (topdoctors.es)
Breathe6
- However, allergies, an infection, or irritation can cause the turbinates to become inflamed and swollen or chronically enlarged which can in turn block air from moving through the nasal passageways and make it difficult to breathe. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- A Turbinate Reduction is an in-office surgery for those who suffer from unilateral or bilateral nasal obstruction that limits their ability to breathe easily. (reddysinus.com)
- The turbinates are crucial in allowing us to breathe properly. (dubuqueent.com)
- When the turbinates are enlarged, it causes nasal obstruction, making it hard to breathe. (centralparkasc.net)
- The inferior turbinate is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying the air we breathe. (atkinssinus.com)
- The turbinates warm and humidify the air we breathe, ensuring that it reaches the lungs in an optimal condition. (atkinssinus.com)
Turbinectomy1
- Turbinectomy is a surgical technique that involves the extraction of turbinates. (centreforsurgery.com)
Treat nasal blockage1
- How to treat nasal blockage post septoplasty/turbinate reduction? (healthtap.com)
Bony1
- The lateral nasal walls contain 3 pairs each of small, thin bones: the superior, middle, and inferior conchae, which form the bony framework of the turbinates. (medscape.com)
Blockage3
- Before discussing what turbinate reduction surgery involves, it may be helpful to explain what turbinates are and how they can cause a nasal blockage. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- For other patients, the blockage may be due to a simple anatomical obstruction, such as enlarged adenoids, a polyp in the nasal passage, a deviated septum, enlarged turbinates or narrow nasal passages. (northdallasent.com)
- The fact that one of my nostrils always has decent circulation while the other is almost completely blocked, coupled with the fact that this blockage swaps back and forth over the course of the day, every single day, leads me to believe that the root of my mouth breathing is mainly caused by inflamed turbinates in response to some unknown environmental allergen or irritant. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
Involves1
- A second, stronger line of defense against enlarged turbinates involves medication, which is frequently used in combination with at-home remedies. (advancedentdenver.com)
Allergies2
- The turbinates can become enlarged, and they will grow in response to irritants or allergies. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
- Whether your enlarged turbinates come from allergies, hormonal changes, or a pesky sinus infection, our team will uncover and treat the root cause. (advancedentdenver.com)
Swollen2
- That is, if the septum deviates right, it's the inferior turbinate on the left that is swollen. (bergerhenryent.com)
- If your turbinates are swollen, your doctor may prescribe medication (i.e., nasal corticosteroid sprays and nasal antihistamine sprays) to reduce the swelling. (ctsinuscenter.com)
Cause a nasal1
- Inferior turbinates that swell to the point where they cause a nasal obstruction are known as hyperplastic turbinates. (dubuqueent.com)
Bone1
- For some patients, moving or "out-fracturing" the turbinate bone may be recommended to open up the nasal passage. (northdallasent.com)
Vasomotor rhinitis3
- Causes of turbinate dysfunction include upper respiratory infection (URI), allergic rhinitis, and vasomotor rhinitis. (medscape.com)
- This category is so large that any nonallergic cause of turbinate dysfunction is known as vasomotor rhinitis. (medscape.com)
- Clinical experience with triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog) injections into the nasal turbinates for allergic and vasomotor rhinitis is reported by the authors. (johnshopkins.edu)
Computed tomography1
- Turbinate destruction is an important diagnostic criterion in canine and feline nasal computed tomography (CT). (avmi.net)
Nostrils1
- Turbinates are meant to cleanse, warm, and humidify air inhaled through the nostrils before it reaches the lungs. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
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